Semantic search

• THE SAMGHA17

• THE DHAMMA51

• THE BUDDHA AND TATHAGATA103

• BASIC NOTIONS119

• NEW WISDOM SCHOOL146

• THE BUDDHISM OF FAITH185

• YOGACARINS207

• TEXTS ORIGINATING IN INDIA274

• TEXTS ORIGINATING IN CHINA AND JAPAN287

• BIBLIOGRAPHY307
• SOURCES311
• GLOSSARY313
• ABBREVIATIONS323

• List of Tablesv
• AcknowledgmentsvI
• Technical Notesvii

Part 1: The Prāsaṅgika-Mādhyamika Interpretation of the Buddha-essence Theory

• Introduction2
• Chapter 1: Historical and Doctrinal Background17
  • 1. rGyal-tshab's Life and Works17
  • 2. The social-political background26
  • 3. The doctrinal background29
  • 4. The Structure and Contents of the rGyud bla ṭīkā33
• Chapter 2: Doctrinal Classification of the Ratnagotravibhāga37
  • 1. Asaṅga and the Five Treatises of Maitreya38
  • 2. The subtle emptiness according to the RGV41
    • The truth-habit as the cause of saṃsāra41
    • The truth-habit as the addictive obscuration43
    • Śrāvakas and pratyekabuddhas' realization of objective selflessness44
    • Refuting the Vijñānavādin standpoint concerning emptiness47
  • 3. The Three Stages of Teaching according to the DIR49
    • Establishing the unique vehicle49
    • As the distinctive presentation of the Prāsaṅgika-Mādhyamika
      viewpoint54
  • 4. The Prajñāpāramitā-sūtra and the TGS56
  • 5. The TGS as Being Definitive62
• Chapter 3: Critiques of Absolutism, Skepticism, and Quietism69
  • 1. Critique of Dol-po-pa's "Great Madhyamaka"70
    • Refuting Dol-po-pa's classification of the TGS71
    • Refuting Buddha-essence as a permanent entity72
    • Refuting Buddha-essence as being endowed with twofold purities77
  • 2. Critique of the Mainstream Positions81
    • 'Gos-lo's position on Buddha-essence84
    • dGe-lugs-pa scholars' responses89
  • 3. A Comparison with Critiques of "Original-enlightenment" theory in
    Modern Chinese Buddhism94
    • A comparison of interpretations between 'Gos-lo and Zongmi96
    • Modern Chinese Critiques of "Original-enlightenment"99
• Chapter 4: Analysis of the Title and Textural Structure110
  • 1. The Title "Mahāyānottaratantra" and Its Implication110
  • 2. The Seven Vajra-Like Bases114
    • Two aspects114
    • rGyal-tshab's revision of rNgog-lo's "two wheels" theory 116
    • The first three bases as ultimate fruition118
    • The last four bases as cause and conditions119
  • 3. The Term "Ratnagotra" and the Textual Structure of RGV121
  • 4. rGyal-tshab on the Fourfold Ratnagotra as Cause and Conditions124
    • The Element as a cause according to RGV I.16124
    • The last three bases as conditions127
  • 5. On RGV 1.3129
  • 6. Conclusion132
• Chapter 5: Reality, Element, and Natural Luminosity of the Mind134
  • 1. The Buddha-essence and Its Various Names134
  • 2. Reality136
    • As immutable ultimate reality136
    • The tainted reality138
  • 3. Dharmatā140
  • 4. Natural Luminosity of the Mind142
    • Origin in Canonical sources142
    • rGyal-tshab's Exegesis on the Passages from the SMS and the DIR144
    • On the Passage from the GGS147
  • 5. The Element150
    • According to the AAN150
    • According to the MAS154
  • 6. The Buddha-essence and the Madhyamaka Philosophy156
    • The Equation of the Buddha-essence with emptiness156
    • Realizing the Buddha-essence as the Middle Way159
  • 7. Conclusion163
• Chapter 6: Buddha-essence and Its Ten Aspects164
  • 1. The Tripartite Buddha-essence164
    • The diffusion of the truth body166
    • The indivisible reality and generic potentials168
  • 2. The Ten Points170
    • Nature171
    • Causes173
    • Fruition178
    • Actions187
    • Possession192
    • Engagement194
    • States196
    • All-pervadingness198
    • Unchangeability200
    • Indivisible excellences205
• Chapter 7: The Eighteen Similes in the Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra209
  • 1. rGyal-tshab's General Discussion209
  • 2. The Nine Smiles for the Obscuring Defilements215
    • The lotus simile for latent state of attachment215
    • The bees simile for latent state of hatred216
    • The husks simile for latent state of misknowledge216
    • The filth simile for intense outburst of attachment, hatred, and
      misknowledge218
    • The floor simile for ground of instincts for misknowledge219
    • The fruit simile for addictions eliminated by the Path of Insight220
    • The tattered rags simile for addictions eliminated by the Path of
      Meditation221
    • The woman simile for addictions related to the Impure Stages222
    • The clay simile for addictions related to the Pure stages223
    • Discussion of the twofold obscuration224
  • 3. The Nine Smiles for the Obscured Element226
    • The three similes for the Truth Body228
    • The gold simile for reality230
    • The five similes for the spiritual gene231
• Chapter 8: The Twofold Spiritual Gene236
  • 1. Tsong-kha-pa's Analysis of the Vijñānavadin Standpoints237
  • 2. A Mādhyamika Critique of the Vijñānavadin Standpoint248
  • 3. The dGe-Iugs-pa Exegesis of the "Spiritual Gene" Section of the AA250
  • 4. Natural Luminosity of the Mind under Debate256
• Conclusion264
• Abbreviations268
• Bibliography271

Part 2: Appendices

• 1. A Special Edition of Chapter One of the Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i ṭīkā
  (1a-72a and 64a-170b)285
  • A. Topical Outline285
  • B. Special Edition306
• 2. Translations449
  • A. The Mahāyānottaratantrarvyākhyā (Chapter One: 1.1-7.5 and 21.1-78.22)449
  • B. The Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i ṭīkā (Chapter One: 1a-72a and
    64a-170b)525

• Preface1
• Editorial Note3
• Abbreviations5

• A Revised Edition of the Laṅkāvatāra-sūtra, "Kṣanikaparivarta"9

• An Analysis of the Laṅkāvatāra: In Search of Its Original Form101
• The Concept of Manas in the Laṅkāvatāra118
• Sources of the Laṅkāvatāra and Its Position in Mahāyāna Buddhism128
• The Structure of the Anuttarāśrayasūtra (Wu-shang-i ching)156
• Remarks on the Sanskrit Fragments of the Abhidharmadharmaskandhapādaśāstra165
• On the Myaṅ 'das175
• Textual Problems of the Mahāyānaśraddhotpāda184

• The "Tathāgatôtpattisaṃbhava-nirdeśa" of the Avataṃsaka and the Ratnagotra-
     vibhāga: With Special Reference to the Term Tathāgata-gotra-saṃbhava201
• The Description of Ultimate Reality by Means of Six Categories in Mahāyāna
     Buddhism208
• A Comment on the Term Ārambaṇa in the Ratnagotravibhāga, 1.9219
• Dharmatā, Dharmadhātu, Dharmakāya and Buddhadhātu: The Structure of the
     Ultimate Value in Mahāyāna Buddhism228
• On Upādāna/Upādāyaprajñapti246
• On Upādāna (II): Ālayavijñāna and Its Two Kinds of Upādāna265
• On Gotrabhū280

• The Buddhist Concept of the Spiritual Family293
• The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra299
• Tathāgatagarbha and the Community of Bodhisattvas311
• Ethische Implikationen der Tathāgatagarbha-Lehre324
• Thoughts on Dhātu-vāda and Recent Trends in Buddhist Studies343
• The Tathāgatagarbha Theory Reconsidered: Reflections on Some Recent Issues in
     Japanese Buddhist Studies352

• A History of East Asian Buddhist Thought: The Formation of a Sphere of
     Chinese-Canon-Based Buddhism369
• "Japanization" of Buddhism417
• The Ekayāna (One Vehicle) Doctrine as the Basis of Japanese Buddhism432
• Kōbō Daishi (Kūkai) and Tathāgatagarbha Thought451
• Saṃsāra eva nirvāṇam480
• "Non-Sentient Beings Preaching the Dharma": Buddhist Views on the
     Environment499
• Some Problems in the Tibetan Translations from Chinese Materials524

• One Hundred Years of Buddhist Studies in Japan539

• John M. Koller, Oriental Philosophies565
• David Seyfort Ruegg, La théorie du tathāgatagarbha et du gotra571
• Alex & Hideko Wayman, The Lion's Roar of Queen Śrīmālā586
• Hajime Nakamura, Indian Buddhism591
• Index 595

• Chapter 1
• Two Approaches to Ultimate Realization1

• Chapter 2
• The Presentation of the Paths 3
  • The Meaning of Path 3
    • The Presentation of Grounds and Paths in the Causal Vehicle of Characteristics4
    • 1. The presentation of the natures of the paths5

• Chapter 3
• The Entity of Path 7
  • • 1.1. The entity of path7
  • The Definition of Path8
  • The First Incorrect Definition8
  • The Second Incorrect Definition9
  • The Third Incorrect Definition10
  • Summary of the Three Incorrect Definitions10

• Chapter 4
• The Classificational Enumerations of the Paths11
  • • 1.2. The classificational enumerations11
  • Five Paths, One Practice12

• Chapter 5
• The Semantic Explanation of Path15
  • • 1.3. The semantic explanation of the meaning of the term15

• Chapter 6
• Nominal and Actual Paths17
  • • 1.4. The difference between actual and nominal paths17

• Chapter 7
• The Five Paths 19
  • • 1.5. The detailed explanations of each one of the five paths19

• Chapter 8
• The Path of Accumulation21
  • • 1.5.1. The path of accumulation21
• THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION21
  • • 1.5.1.1. Setting up its definition21
• THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION22
  • • 1.5.1.2. Identifying its illustration22
• THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION23
  • • 1.5.1.3. The extensive classification23
  • The Threefold Classification of Lesser, Medium, and Greater23
    • The Four Intense Applications of Mindfulness24
    • The Four Perfect Relinquishments24
    • The Four Limbs of Miraculous Powers25
    • Two Reasons for the Threefold Classification25
  • The Alternative Fourfold Classification26
• THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION27
  • • 1.5.1.4 Determining its nature27
  • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises27
  • The Grounds on Which It Relies28
  • The Objects on Which It Focuses28
• THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE PATH
  OF ACCUMULATION29
  • • 1.5.1.5. The features of relinquishment and realization29
• THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION31
  • • 1.5.1.6. Stating its qualities31
• THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION33
  • • 1.5.1.7. Its function33
• THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF ACCUMULATION35
  • • 1.5.1.8. Teaching its semantic explanation35

• Chapter 9
• The Path of Junction37
  • • 1.5.2. The path of junction37
• THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION37
  • • 1.5.2.1. Setting up its definition37
• THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION40
  • • 1.5.2.2. Identifying its illustration40
• THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION40
  • • 1.5.2.3. The extensive classification40
  • The Classification Through Nature41
  • The Classification in Terms of Accumulation and Junction41
  • The Classification in Terms of Lesser and Greater42
  • The Classification by Way of Realization43
    • The Phase of Heat 45
    • The Phase of Peak 46
    • The Phase of Endurance 49
    • The Phase of Supreme Dharma50
• THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION52
  • • 1.5.2.4. Determining its nature52
  • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises52
  • The Grounds on Which It Relies53
  • The Objects on Which It Focuses56
• THE FEATURE OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE PATH
  OF JUNCTION58
  • • 1.5.2.5. The features of relinquishment and realization58
  • What Is Relinquished 59
  • What Is Realized 60
• THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION63
  • • 1.5.2.6. Stating its qualities63
• THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION64
  • • 1.5.2.7. Its function64
• THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF JUNCTION65
  • • 1.5.2.8. Teaching its semantic explanation65

• Chapter 10
• The Path of Seeing 67
  • • 1.5.3. The path of seeing67
• THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF SEEING67
  • • 1.5.3.1. Setting up its definition67
• THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF SEEING69
  • • 1.5.3.2. Identifying its illustration69
• THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF SEEING70
  • • 1.5.3.3. The extensive classification70
• THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF SEEING71
  • • 1.5.3.4. Determining its nature71
  • The Way in Which the Factors to be Relinquished Through Seeing Are Relinquished72
    • 1.5.3.4.1. The presentation of the way in which the factors to be relinquished
      through seeing are relinquished72
  • The Definition of the Factors to be Relinquished72
    • 1.5.3.4.1.1. The definition of the factors to be relinquished72
  • The Extensive Classification of the Factors to be Relinquished73
    • 1.5.3.4.1.2. The extensive classification of the factors to be relinquished73
    • 1.5.3.4.1.2.1. The classification of their entity74
    • 1.5.3.4.1.2.2. The classification of the way of relinquishment76
  • The Way in Which the Factors to be Relinquished Are Relinquished78
• 1.5.3.4.1.3. The way in which the factors to be relinquished are relinquished78
  • The Way in Which the Path of Seeing Arises82
    • 1.5.3.4.2. The presentation of the way in which the path of seeing arises82
  • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises82
    • 1.5.3.4.2.1. The (psychophysical) supports in which it arises82
  • The Grounds on Which It Relies83
    • 1.5.3.4.2.2. The grounds on which it relies83
  • The Ways of Realization 85
    • 1.5.3.4.2.3. The ways of realization85
  • From How Many Moments It Arises87
    • 1.5.3.4.2.4. (The issue) from how many moments it arises87
    • 1.5.3.4.2.4.1. The system of the common vehicle87
    • 1.5.3.4.2.4.2. The uncommon system91
• THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE PATH
  OF SEEING93
  • • 1.5.3.5. The features of relinquishment and realization93
  • What Is Relinquished 93
  • What Is Realized 94
• THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF SEEING96
  • • 1.5.3.6. Stating its qualities96
• THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF SEEING99
  • • 1.5.3.7. Its function99
• THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF SEEING99
  • • 1.5.3.8. Teaching its semantic explanation99

• Chapter 11
• The Path of Meditation103
  • • 1.5.4. The path of meditation103
• THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION103
  • • 1.5.4.1. Setting up its definition103
• THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION104
  • • 1.5.4.2. Identifying its illustration104
• THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION108
  • • 1.5.4.3. The extensive classification108
  • The Mundane Path of Meditation109
    • 1.5.4.3.1. The mundane path of meditation109
  • The Supramundane Path of Meditation109
    • 1.5.4.3.2. The supramundane path of meditation109
  • Classification Through Its Psychophysical Supports110
  • Classification Through the Factors to be Relinquished111
  • Classification Through the Paths111
  • Classification Through Its Entity112
  • Classification Through Familiarization112
• THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION113
  • • 1.5.4.4. Determining its nature113
  • The Factors to be Relinquished Through Meditation113
    • 1.5.4.4.1. The way in which the factors to be relinquished through meditation are relinquished113
    • The Definition of the Factors to be Relinquished Through Meditation114
    • Their Extensive Classification116
    • The Way in Which They Are Relinquished Through the Remedies117
  • The Arising of the Path of Meditation118
    • 1.5.4.4.2. The way in which the path of meditation arises118
    • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises118
    • The Grounds on Which It Relies119
    • The Objects on Which It Focuses120
• THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION ON THE
  PATH OF MEDITATION121
  • • 1.5.4.5. The features of relinquishment and realization121
  • What is Relinquished 122
  • What is Realized 122
• THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION124
  • • 1.5.4.6. Stating its qualities124
• THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION125
  • • 1.5.4.7. Its function125
• THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF MEDITATION126
  • • 1.5.4.8. Teaching its semantic explanation126

• Chapter 12
• The Path of Completion 129
  • • 1.5.5. The path of completion129
• THE DEFINITION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION129
  • • 1.5.5.1. Setting up its definition129
• THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION131
  • • 1.5.5.2. Identifying its illustration131
• THE EXTENSIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION131
  • • 1.5.5.3. The extensive classification131
  • The Classification of the Three Vehicles132
  • The Classification of the Two Paths132
  • The Classification of the Three Grounds132
  • Two Other Distinctive Features132
  • The Ten Dharmas of No More Learning134
  • The Five Uncontaminated Aggregates135
• THE NATURE OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION136
  • • 1.5.5.4. Determining its nature136
  • The Psychophysical Supports in Which It Arises & The Grounds It Relies on136
  • The Objects It Focuses on 137
• THE FEATURES OF RELINQUISHMENT & REALIZATION OF THE
  PATH OF COMPLETION138
  • • 1.5.5.5. The features of relinquishment and realization138
  • What is Relinquished 139
  • What is Realized 139
• THE QUALITIES OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION140
  • • 1.5.5.6. Stating its qualities140
• THE FUNCTION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION141
  • • 1.5.5.7. Its function141
• THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE PATH OF COMPLETION141
  • • 1.5.5.8. Teaching its semantic explanation141

• Chapter 13
• The Presentation of Grounds143

• Chapter 14
• The Two Grounds149
  • • 2. Teaching the presentation of the grounds149
    • 2.1. The presentation as two grounds149
    • 2.1.1. The brief introduction149
• THE GROUNDS FREE FROM ATTACHMENT150
  • • 2.1.2. The detailed explanation150
    • 2.1.2.1. The grounds free from attachment150
  • The Ground of Fully Seeing What is White151
  • The Ground of Disposition 152
  • The Eighth Ground 152
  • The Ground of Seeing 153
  • The Ground of Diminishment 153
  • The Ground of Freedom From Desire153
  • The Ground of Realizing Completion153
  • The Ground of Hearers154
  • The Ground of Solitary Realizers155
• THE BUDDHA GROUNDS 156
  • • 2.1.2.2. The Buddha grounds156
• THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO157
  • • 2.2. Teaching the differences between these two157
  • The Difference of Miraculous Powers158
  • The Difference of Supernatural Knowledges158
  • The Difference of Realization 158
  • The Difference of Meditation 159
  • The Difference of Seeing 159
  • The Difference of Language, Teaching the Dharma, and Promoting Welfare161
  • The Difference of Nirvāṇa 162

• Chapter 15
• The Detailed Explanation of the Buddha Grounds165
  • • 2.3. The detailed explanation of the Buddha grounds165
• THE ENTITY OF GROUND 165
  • • 2.3.1. The entity of ground165
• THE ILLUSTRATION OF THE BUDDHA GROUNDS166
  • • 2.3.2. The illustration 166
• THE SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE BUDDHA GROUNDS166
  • • 2.3.3. The semantic explanation166
• THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE BUDDHA GROUNDS168
  • • 2.3.4. The classifications168
  • The Classification in Terms of Beings and Noble Ones168
    • The Grounds of Ordinary Worldly Beings169
    • The Supramundane Grounds170
  • The Classification in Terms of the Ways of Attainment170
  • The Classification in Terms of the Ways of Accomplishment172
  • The Classification in Terms of Pride173

• Chapter 16
• The Special Explanation of the Buddha Grounds175
  • • 2.3.5. The special explanation of the grounds of the uncommon great vehicle175
• THE ENTITIES & SEMANTIC EXPLANATION OF THE NAMES175
  • • 2.3.5.1. The entities and semantic explanations of the names175
• THE THOROUGH PURIFICATIONS177
  • • 2.3.5.2. The thorough purifications and where one is transferred to177
• THE PRACTICES & PERSONS ON THE TEN BHŪMIS179
  • • 2.3.5.3. The practices and persons179
  • The Ten Pāramitā Practices 181
  • Persons With Pure View 181
• THE THREE TRAININGS & THE FIVE AGGREGATES184
  • • 2.3.5.4. The three trainings and the aggregates184
  • The Three Trainings 184
  • The Five Pure Aggregates 187
• PURITY, RELINQUISHMENT, & REALIZATION188
  • • 2.3.5.5. Complete purities, relinquishments, and realizations188
  • The Progressive Purification of the Ten Bhūmis188
  • The Factors to be Relinquished on Paths of Seeing and Meditation189
  • The Realization of the Ten Bhūmis191
• THE QUALITIES OF THE TEN BHUMIS195
  • • 2.3.5.6. The differences in terms of qualities and arising195
• HOW BODHISATTVAS ARE REBORN198
  • Rebirth Through Influence 198
  • Rebirth Through Complete Maturation200

• Chapter 17
• Why the Grounds Are Ten201
  • • 2.3.6. The reason why the number of the grounds is definitely ten201

• Chapter 18
• The Presentation of Results205
  • • Determining the results of the vehicle of characteristics205

• Chapter 19
• The Three Nirvāṇas207
  • • 1. The general explanation of nirvāṇa, the result of the three vehicles207
  • Natural Nirvāṇa 208
  • The Nirvāṇa of Cessation 209
    • The Nominal Nirvāṇa of Cessation210
    • The Actual Nirvāṇa of Cessation210
  • Partially Incomplete & Complete Actual Cessations211
  • Nonabiding Nirvāṇa 212

• Chapter 20
• The Special Explanation of Buddhahood213
  • • 2. The special explanation of Buddhahood, the result of the great vehicle213
    • 2.1. The nature of Buddhahood213
  • The Terminological Meaning of Buddhahood215
    • 2.2. The terminological meaning of this name215

• Chapter 21
• The Three Kāyas217
  • • 2.3. The way in which the activity of enlightened bodies is accomplished217
  • The Causes of the Three Kāyas217
    • 2.3.1. The teaching about the connection in terms of what is accomplished from
      which causes217
  • The Accumulations of Merit & Wisdom218
  • The Great Akaniṣhṭha221
    • 2.3.2. The explanation of the distinctive features of how this is accomplished in
      certain places221
  • How the Form Kāyas Manifest 223
  • Why the Kāyas Are Three 223
  • The Detailed Explanation of the Three Kāyas225
    • 2.3.3. The detailed explanation of the result that is accomplished225
    • 2.3.3.1. The explanation of the support, the enlightened bodies225
    • 2.3.3.1.1. The definitions and other (related topics)225

• Chapter 22
• The Dharmakāya227
  • • 2.3.3.1.1.1. The Dharma Body227
    • 2.3.3.1.1.1.1. The meaning of the term and the definition227
  • The Eight Defining Characteristics229
  • The Twofold Classification 230
    • 2.3.3.1.1.1.2. Its classification as different enlightened bodies230

• Chapter 23
• The Sambhogakāya231
  • The Meaning of Sambhogakāya231
    • 2.3.3.1.1.2. The Enjoyment Body231
    • 2.3.3.1.1.2.1. The meaning of the term and the definition231
  • The Definition of Sambhogakāya232
  • The Eight Characteristics & Five Certainties233
  • Classifications of Sambhogakāya234
    • 2.3.3.1.1.2.2. The classification234
  • How Sambhogakāyas Appear 235

• Chapter 24
• The Nirmāṇakāya 239
  • The Meaning & Definition of Nirmāṇakāya239
    • 2.3.3.1.1.3. The Emanation Body239
    • 2.3.3.1.1.3.1. The meaning of the term and the definition239
  • The Eight Characteristics of a Nirmāṇakāya240
  • Classifications of Nirmāṇakāya242
    • 2.3.3.1.1.3.2. The classification242

• Chapter 25
• The Intention of the Uttaratantra245
  • • 2.3.3.1.1.4. Teaching the intention of The Sublime Continuum as a
      supplementary topic245
  • The Perfection of Genuine Purity245
  • The Perfection of Genuine Identity246
  • The Perfection of Genuine Bliss247
  • The Perfection of Genuine Permanence247
  • The Enlightened Body of a Buddha248
  • The Five Defining Characteristics248

• Chapter 26
• The Distinctive Features of the Three Kāyas251
  • • 2.3.3.1.2. The explanation of the distinctive features of the three enlightened bodies251
    • 2.3.3.1.2.1. The distinctive feature of equality251
    • 2.3.3.1.2.2. The distinctive feature of permanence252
    • 2.3.3.1.2.3. The distinctive feature of appearance252

• Chapter 27
• The Five Wisdoms255
  • • 2.3.3.2. The explanation of the supported, the wisdoms255
    • 2.3.3.2.1. The detailed classification255
    • 2.3.3.2.2. The meanings of the terms and their entities256
  • Dharmadhātu Wisdom 256
    • 2.3.3.2.2.1. The explanation of the meaning of the expanse of dharmas256
  • Mirrorlike Wisdom 258
    • 2.3.3.2.2.2. The explanation of the meaning of mirrorlike258
  • The Wisdom of Equality 259
    • 2.3.3.2.2.3. The explanation of the meaning of equality259
  • Discriminating Wisdom 260
    • 2.3.3.2.2.4. The explanation of the meaning of all-discriminating260
  • All-Accomplishing Wisdom 261
    • 2.3.3.2.2.5. The explanation of the meaning of all-accomplishing261
  • The Causes of the Five Wisdoms262
    • 2.3.3.2.3. The causes through which they are accomplished262
  • The Five Wisdoms & the Eight Consciousnesses263
    • 2.3.3.2.4. The ways of changing state263
  • The Five Wisdoms & the Three Kāyas265
    • 2.3.3.2.5. The way in which they are related to the enlightened bodies together
      with their way of knowing 265
  • The Way in Which Buddhas Know265

• Chapter 28
• The Qualities of Freedom & Maturation269
  • • 2.3.3.3. The explanation of the qualities of freedom and complete maturation269
    • 2.3.3.3.1. The brief introduction269
    • 2.3.3.3.2. The detailed explanation270
• THE QUALITIES OF FREEDOM270
• 2.3.3.3.2.1. The qualities of freedom270
  • The Thirty-Two Qualities 271
    • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1. The thirty-two (qualities) as per the intention of The Sublime
      Continuum271
    • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.1. Connection through a brief introduction271
    • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2. The detailed commentary on their meaning271
  • The Ten Powers 271
    • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2.1. The ten powers271
  • The Four Fearlessnesses 273
    • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2.2. The four fearlessnesses273
• The Eighteen Unique Qualities274
  • • 2.3.3.3.2.1.1.2.3. The eighteen unique qualities274
  • The Twenty-One Uncontaminated Qualities278
    • 2.3.3.3.2.1.2.2. The twenty-one uncontaminated groups (of qualities) as per the
      intention of The Ornament of Clear Realization278
• THE QUALITIES OF COMPLETE MATURATION283
  • • 2.3.3.3.2.2. The explanation of the qualities of complete maturation283
    • 2.3.3.3.2.2.1. The brief introduction283
    • 2.3.3.3.2.2.2. The detailed explanation283
    • 2.3.3.4. The explanation of the enlightened activity that is performed289
    • 2.3.3.4.1. The detailed explanation of the seven points of activity290
    • 2.3.3.4.2. Their summary in two points291
• Chart I: The factors to be relinquished through seeing and meditation
  according to the great vehicle293
• Chart II: The factors to be relinquished through seeing and meditation
  according to the vehicle of the hearers295

• • Preface by Kyabje Trulshik Rinpocheix

• • Translator's Notexi

• • Acknowledgementsxv

• 1 The Buddhadharma1

• 2 The Essence of the Path27

• 3 The Long Oral Lineage of the Nyingmapas31

• 4 Practicing the Teachings without Sectarian Bias47

• 5 An Introduction to the Bardo59

• 6 Magical Nectar77

• 7 Heart Jewel of the Fortunate83

• 8 An Aspiration to the Great Perfection89

• 9 The Life Story of Dudjom Rinpoche91

• • Glossary95

• • Notes107

• Acknowledgmentsvii
• List of Abbreviationsix

• Introduction1
• 1 Buddhism, Criticism, and Postwar Japan17
• 2 The Roots of "Topicalism"51
• 3 Problems in Modern Zen Thought83
• 4 Criticism as Anamnesis125
• 5 Radical Contingency and Compassion155

• Bibliography175
• Index197

• • Acknowledgmentsix
  • Introduction Patterns of Influence in East Asian Buddhism: The Korean Case
    Robert E. Buswell, Jr.1
    
    
• CHAPTER 1 Paekche and the Incipiency of Buddhism in Japan
                         Jonathan W. Best15
• CHAPTER 2 Kyǒnghǔng in Shinran's Pure Land Thought
                         Hee-Sung Keel43
• CHAPTER 3 Korea as a Source for the Regeneration of Chinese Buddhism:
                         The Evidence of Ch'an and Son Literature
                         John Jorgensen73
• CHAPTER 4 Ch'an Master Musang: A Korean Monk in East Asian Context
                         Bernard Faure153
• CHAPTER 5 Wǒnch'ǔk's Place in the East Asian Buddhist Tradition
                         Eunsu Cho173
• CHAPTER 6 The Korean Impact on T'ien-t'ai Buddhism in China:
                          A Historical Analysis
                         Chi-wah Chan217
• CHAPTER 7 Ǔich'ǒn's Pilgrimage and the Rising Prominence of the Korean
                         Monastery in Hang-chou during the Sung and Yuan Periods
                         Chi-chiang Huang242
  
  
  • About the Contributors277
  • Index279

• Inhalt

• Vorwort8

• 1 Einleitung
• 1.1 Zielsetzung11
• 1.2 Methode und Abgrenzung des Themas13
• 1.3 ’Jam mgon Kong sprul Blo gros mtha’ yas, sein Leben und Wirken
• 1.3.1 Kong sprul und die ris med Bewegung16
• 1.3.2 Publikationen zu Kong sprul24
• 1.3.3 Wesentliche Ereignisse im Leben von Kong sprul, eine Chronologie32
• 1.3.4 Kong spruls literarisches Lebenswerk, die mDzod Inga („Fünf Schätze“)47
• 1.4 Das Thema der Buddha-Natur
• 1.4.1 Mahāyāna-Schriften zur Buddha-Natur und ihre Datierung52
• 1.4.2 Einschlägige Mahāyāna-Sūtren aus Sicht der tibetischen Exegese55
• 1.4.3 Indische Lehrwerke zur positiven Beschreibung der absoluten
          Wirklichkeit59
• 1.4.4 Wissenschaftliche Arbeiten zur Buddha-Natur bzw. damit verwandten
          Themen64

• 2 Der Ratnagotravibhāga in Tibet
• 2.1 Der Ratnagotravibhāga in der tibetischen Exegese74
• 2.2 Für die Karma bKa’ brgyud pa-Tradition wesentliche Ratnagotravibhāga
       Überlieferungen
• 2.2.1 Maitrīpas Lehrtradition76
• 2.2.2 Sajjanas tibetische Schüler77
• 2.3 Stellung des Ratnagotravibhāga in den mahāmudrā-Lehren der Karma
       bKa’ brgyud pa-Tradition84

• 3 gzhan stong in Tibet
• 3.1 gzhan stong, Allgemeines94
• 3.2 Grundlagen für die tibetische gzhan stong-Exegese in indischen Lehrwerken99
• 3.3 gzhan stong-Mādhyamikas in Tibet bzw. Lehrer, in deren Wirken sich
       Elemente der gzhan stong-Lehre finden104
• 3.4 gzhan stong-Proponenten in der Darstellung von Kong spruls gZhan stong
       lta khrid, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede
• 3.4.1 Allgemeine Bemerkungen113
• 3.4.2 Von Kong sprul als Wegbereiter der gzhan stong-Lehren bezeichnete
          tibetische Lehrer
• 3.4.2.1 Karma pa Rang byung rdo rje116
• 3.4.2.2 Dol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan132
• 3.4.2.3 Klong chen pa Dri med ’od zer138
• 3.4.3 Weitere von Kong sprul als gzhan stong-Proponenten bezeichnete Lehrer145
• 3.4.3.1 Karma pa Chos grags rgya mtsho145
• 3.4.3.2 Shākya mchog ldan150
• 3.4.3.3 Tāranātha Kun dga’ snying po155
• 3.4.3.4 Si tu Chos kyi ’byung gnas160
• 3.5 Kong spruls Sichtweise165

• 4 Kong spruls gZhan stong lta khrid: „Die makellosen Lichtstrahlen des vajra-Mondes,
     eine Anleitung zur Sichtweise von gzhan stong, dem Großen Madhyamaka“
• 4.1 Das gZhan stong lta khrid in Kong spruls Werken, allgemeine Beschreibung des
       Textes195
• 4.2 lta khrid als Literaturgattung; Zweck und Verwendung197
• 4.3 Aufbau von Kong spruls gZhan stong lta khrid
• 4.3.1 Struktur des Textes200
• 4.3.2 Inhaltliche Schwerpunkte in Kong spruls gZhan stong lta khrid
• 4.3.2.1 Die drei Lehrzyklen, ihre hinführende und/oder definitive Bedeutung und
            die exegetische Zuordnung des Ratnagotravibhāga202
• 4.3.2.2 Die im gZhan stong lta khrid dargestellte Anleitung gemäß der Sūtra-Tradition:
• 4.3.2.2.1 „Was zu verstehen ist“
• 4.3.2.2.1.1 Die weltliche und die überweltliche Sichtweise214
• 4.3.2.2.1.2 Sichtweise und Meditation gemäß dem Niḥsvabhāvavāda-
                 Madhyamaka220
• 4.3.2.2.1.3 Mögliche Fehlerquellen beim Niḥsvabhāvavāda-Madhyamaka231
• 4.3.2.2.1.4 Sichtweise und Meditation gemäß des Yogācāra-Madhyamaka234
• 4.3.2.2.1.5 Kong spruls Sicht zur nicht-zweiheitlichen Gnosis238
• 43.2.2.2„Die eigentliche Praxis“ gemäß der Sūtra-Tradition
• 4.3.2.2.2.1 „Die Vorbereitung“ 240
• 4.3.2.2.2.2 „Der Hauptteil“
• 4.3.2.2.2.2.1 „Die Zufluchtnahme und das Entwickeln von bodhicitta“ 242
• 4.3.2.2.2.2.2 „Die Anleitung zur meditativen Übung der Einheit von śamatha
                     und vipaśyanä“244
• 4.3.2.2.2.2.3 „Das genaue Unterscheiden und die dadurch erfolgende Einführung
                     in die Buddha-Natur“258
• 4.3.2.2.3 Die Praxis außerhalb der Meditation273
• 4.3.2.3 Die im gZhan stong lta khrid dargestellte Anleitung gemäß der Tantra-
            Tradition
• 4.3.2.3.1 Vorbemerkungen282
• 4.3.2.3.2 „Was zu verstehen ist“283
• 4.3.2.3.3 „Die eigentliche Praxis“291
• 4.3.2.4. „Der Nutzen“294
• 4.4 Textedition und Übersetzung
• 4.4.1 Anmerkungen zur tibetischen Textausgabe297
• 4.4.2 Anmerkungen zu Edition und Übersetzung300
• 4.4.3 Inhaltsübersicht des gZhan stong lta khrid mit Seitenverweis auf Edition
          und Übersetzung302
• 4.4.4 Edition des tibetischen Textes303
• 4.4.5 Übersetzung323

Abkürzungen, Bibliografie und Indices

• Allgemeine Abkürzungen353
• Indische Werke354
• Tibetische Werke356
• Sekundärliteratur364
• Internet379
• Indices380

• Editor's Preface1

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Dolpopa's Teachings7
  • 1. Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma8
  • 2. The Rangtong and Shentong schools11
• Chapter 2: Buddha Nature in the Scriptures17
  • 1. Deity as the indivisibility of Expanse and Awareness17
  • 2. Buddha Nature Present in the Three Jewels22
  • 3. How Nature of Phenomena and Buddha Nature Relate23
  • 4. and 5. Buddha Nature as a Family24
  • 6. Buddha Nature and the Vajra Family25
  • 7. Buddha Nature is All-pervasive25
  • 8. Buddha Nature is Unchanging26
  • 9. The Three Stages of Beings in the Sutras26
  • 10. Purifying the Disturbing Emotions in the Vajrayana27
  • 11. The Ground and Fruition Are Inseparable27
  • 12. The Indivisibility of the Ground and Path28
  • 13. The Dharmakaya Contains All Qualities of a Buddha28
  • 14. Did Nagarjuna and Followers Teach Buddha Nature?29
• Chapter 3: The Ground of Buddha Nature35
  • 1. In Brief: The Ground, Path, and Result (or Fruition)35
  • 2. Buddha Nature Exists37
  • 3. Attaining the Result38
  • 4. The Ground of Practice in Detail40
• Chapter 4: Buddha Nature Is Not a Provisional Teaching43
  • 1. Is Buddha Nature a Provisional or Definitive Teaching?44
  • 2. Buddha Nature as Provisional Because of Five Faults46
  • 3. Refuting Buddha Nature as a Provisional Teaching47
• Chapter 5: The Path53
  • 1. Sentient Beings Have the Dharmakaya Within Them53
  • 2. Realizing the Rangtong View53
  • 3. The Practice of Meditation on Emptiness54
  • 4. The Practice of Subtle Winds and Channels54
  • 5. The Development of Pure Meditation and Conduct55
  • 6. Distinguishing What Exists from What Does Not56
  • 7. Understanding Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma57
  • 8. Why There Are Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma57
  • 9. Which Turnings Are Definitive and which Provisional?58
  • 10. Is Sutra of Definitive Commentary a Mind Only Text?58
  • 11. Buddha Nature Is Not Provisional from Third Turning59
• Chapter 6: The Common View of the Path67
  • 1. Problems from Not Believing Buddha Nature67
  • 2. Having Faith in Meditation Methods68
  • 3. Benefits of Faith and Devotion in Buddha Nature68
  • 4. Problems with Having Incorrect Views71
• Chapter 7: Having the Correct View of the Path75
  • 1. Third Turning Is Not Just Mind Only Teachings75
  • 2. Commentaries on the Existence of Buddha Nature79
  • 3. Is Middle from the Extremes a Mind Only Teaching?79
  • 4 to 9. All Appearances Are Mind80
  • 10. The Shentong View Summarized81
• Chapter 8: The Uncommon View of the Path83
  • 1. Transcending the Three Realms and Three Times83
  • 2. Meditating on Just Emptiness of Self84
  • 3. Scriptures Stating That Buddha Nature Does Not Exist84
  • 4. When Negative Qualities are Eliminated, Positive Manifest85
  • 5 to 7. When Negative Qualities Have Been Dispelled86
  • 8. The Benefit of Having Faith in Buddha Nature86
• Chapter 9: The Features of Buddha Nature95
  • 1. The Utterly Pure Dharmakaya Is Not Mere Emptiness95
  • 2. Utterly Pure Dharmakaya from the Vajrayana Perspective96
  • 3. Impure Appearances Become Female Body of the Deity97
  • 4. The Ultimate Deity and Ultimate Compassion99
  • 5. The 37 Factors of Enlightenment100
  • 6. The Eight-Fold Path101
• Chapter 10: The Fruition103
  • 1. The Amazing Bodies (Kayas) of the Buddha104
  • 2. The Amazing Wisdoms of the Buddha107
  • 3. The Amazing Qualities of the Buddha109
  • 4. The Activities of the Buddha112
  • 5. The Pure Realms and Settings of the Buddha116
• Chapter 11: The Features of the Buddha123
  • 1. Ground and Ultimate Result Are Inseparable123
  • 2. To Reach Enlightenment We Need to Follow the Path123
  • 3. We Need to Purify the Disturbing Emotions124
  • 4. Using the Subtle Winds and Channels124
  • 5. Buddha Nature Remains When Adventitious Stains Go125
  • 6 and 7. When Stains Are Removed, The Dharmakaya Remains126
  • 8. A Buddha's Wisdom Remains When Stains Are Removed127
• Chapter 12: Summary of the Shentong View129

• The Appendices132
• The Glossary145
• The Glossary of Tibetan Terms159
• The Bibliography162
• Index170

Foreword
Preface
Contributors
Abbreviations

I. CHINA

• a. State of Scholarship
• New Japanese Studies in Early Ch'an History1
  • • Philip Yampolsky

• b. Formative Period
• The Li-tai fa-pao chi and the Ch'an Doctrine of Sudden Awakening13
  • • Yanagida Seizan

• Seng-ch'ou's Method of Dhyāna51
  • • Jan Yiin-hua

• T'an-ch'ien and the Early Ch'an Tradition: Translation and Analysis of the Essay "Wangshih-fei-Iun"65
  • • Whalen W. Lai

• The Teachings of the Fourth Ch'an Patriarch Tao-hsin (580-651)89
  • • David W. Chappell

• The Concept of Ii nien ("being free from thinking") in the Northern Line of Ch'an Buddhism131
  • • Robert B. Zeuschner

• Early Hua-yen, Meditation, and Early Ch'an: Some Preliminary
  Considerations149
  • • Robert M. Gimello

• The Early Ch'an Monastic Rule: Ch'ing-kuei and the Shaping of Ch'an
  Community Life165
  • • Martin Collcutt

• c. The Developing Tradition
• The "Recorded Sayings" Texts of Chinese Ch'an Buddhism185
  • • Yanagida Seizan

• Lin-chi on "Language-Dependence," An Interpretive Analysis207
  • • Ronald L. Burr

• Sinitic Mandalas: The Wu-wei-t'u of Ts'aoshan229
  • • Whalen W. Lai

• d. Interaction
• The Ambiguity of the Buddha-nature Concept in India and China259
  • • Andrew Rawlinson

• The Problem of Desire and Emotions in Taoism and Ch'an281
  • • John Visvader and William C. Doub

• The Pure and the Impure: The Mencian Problematik in Chinese Buddhism299
  • • Whalen W. Lai

II. TIBET

• a. State of Scholarship
• The Study of Tibetan Ch'an Manuscripts Recovered from Tun-huang: A Review
  of the Field and its Prospects327
  • • Daishun Ueyama

• b. Tibetan Meditation Systems and Ch 'an
• 'Meditation' Trends in Early Tibet351
  • • Herbert V. Guenther

• 'The Great Perfection' in the Tradition of the Bonpos367
  • • Per Kvaerne

• Indian Materials on the Doctrine of Sudden Enlightenment393
  • • Luis O. Gomez

Index

• Foreword by Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoché9
• Preface13
• Introduction17

• The Root Text: Esoteric Instructions:
        A Detailed Presentation of the Process
         of Meditation in Vajrayāna49
  • 1. Nyingma63
  • 2. Kadampa97
  • 3. Lamdré113
  • 4. Marpa Kagyu137
  • 5. Shangpa Kagyu233
  • 6. Zhijé and Chöd255
  • 7. Jordruk289
  • 8. Dorjé Sumgyi Nyendrup331
  • 9. Supplement: Śāntigupta339

• Appendix One: Outline of Book Eight, Part Four:
        Esoteric Instructions345
• Appendix Two: General Contents of Kongtrul’s
        Treasury of Knowledge355
• Abbreviations359

• Notes363
• Bibliography of Works Cited by the Author451
• Reference Bibliography473
• Index495

Preface to

• The Collected Works of Korean Buddhismi

On the Occasion of Publishing

• The Collected Works of Korean Buddhismv

Preface to the English Edition of

• The Collected Works of Korean Buddhismviii

• Prefacexxvii

• Abbreviationsxxx

• I. INTRODUCTION3
  • 1. Foreword5
  • 2. Taehyeon's Life and Works6
    • A. Taehyeon's Life6
    • B. Taehyeon's Writings13
  • 3. Taehyeon's Mahāyāna Vinaya Studies19
    • A. Silla Research on the Sutra of Brahma's Net19
    • B. Sutras, Vinayas, śāstras, and Commentaries quoted in the Beommanggyeong gojeokgi23
    • C. Characteristics of the Beommanggyeong gojeokgi30
    • D. Influence in Japan34
    • E. Taehyeon's Interpretive Approaches toward the Sutra of Brahma's Net39
  • 4. Meeting the Demands for Secular Relevance44
    • A. Taehyeon's View of the Sutra of Brahma's Net and "Filial Piety" 孝 and "Obligation for Kindnesses Received" 恩44
    • B. Other Regulations for Dealing with the World of the Time48
  • 5. Vinaya Thought through the Three Pure Sets of Precepts52
  • 6. References59
    • A. Canonical Collections59
    • B. Scriptural Sources60
    • C. Attributed Works60
    • D. Modern Works62
• II. ROLL ONE65
  • Commentator's Preface68
    • 1. Time and Place68
    • 2. Capacity (of the Audience)68
    • 3. How it is Categorized Within the Canon68
    • 4. Circumstances and Details regarding the Translation69
      • A. Number of Verses 頌品70
      • B. Causes and Conditions in China 中國 因緣70
    • 5. Doctrinal Tenets 宗趣72
      • A. In General 總72
      • B. Mental Behavior 心行73
      • C. The Ultimate Theme 歸趣74
    • 6. The Title 題名79
      • A. The Short Title 題目79
  • Main Text81
    • • A. The Explanation by the Original Teacher 本師說82
      • B. Opportunity for an Audience and Questions 見問84
      • C. The Answer 答93

• III. ROLL TWO151
  • Ten Grounds 十地153
    • 1. Ground of the Equality of the Essence 體性平等地153
    • 2. Ground of the Skillful Wisdom of the Essence 體性善慧地157
    • 3. Ground of the Luminosity of the Essence 體性光明地169
    • 4. Ground of the Knowability of the Essence 體性爾焰地173
    • 5. Ground of Wisdom-Illumination of the Essence 體性慧照地179
    • 6. Ground of the Floral Radiance of the Essence 體性華光地184
    • 7. Ground of Completion of the Essential Nature 體性滿足地188
    • 8. Ground of the Buddha's Roar of the Essential Nature 體性佛吼地193
    • 9. Ground of the Flower Ornamentation of the Essence 體性華嚴地198
    • 10. Ground of Entry into the Buddha Realm of the Essential Nature
      體性入佛界地201

• IV. ROLL THREE209
  • The Grave Precepts 戒文211
    • 1. Invocation 付囑211
      • A. The Teaching Transmitted to the Transformation-body Buddhas
        化佛傳說213
      • B. Repaying of Kindness and Separate Iteration of the Teaching
        報恩別化213
      • C. The Exhortation 策發221
      • D. The Bodhisattva Precepts224
      • E. Preface on the Formation of the Precepts 結戒序246
    • 2. The Main Sermon 正說分254
      • A. General Outline 總標254
    • 3. The Ten Grave Precepts 十重戒260
      • A. Prohibition of Pleasurable Killing 快意殺生戒第一260
      • B. Prohibition of Stealing the Property of Others 劫盜人物戒第二266
      • C. Prohibition of the Heartless Pursuit of Lust 無慈行欲戒第三經275
      • D. Prohibition of Intentional Lying 故心妄語戒第四經284
      • E. Prohibition of the Sale of Alcohol 酤酒生罪戒第五經287
      • F. Prohibition of Speaking of the Faults of Others
        談他過失戒第六經289
      • G. Prohibition of Praising Oneself and Disparaging Others 自讚毀他戒第七293
      • H. Prohibition of Stinginess and Abuse of Others 慳生毀辱戒第八296
      • I. Prohibition of Holding Resentments and Not Accepting Apologies 瞋不受謝戒第九303
      • J. Prohibition of Denigration of the Three Treasures
        毀謗三寶戒第十307
      • K. Conclusion 結成門309

• V. ROLL FOUR315
  • The Minor Precepts317
    • 1. Preface to the Minor Precepts 輕戒序文317
      • A. Concluding the Former (Grave Precepts) and Initiating the Latter (Minor) 結前生後317
    • 2. Enumeration of the Precepts 次第誦出318
      • A. Division of Ten Precepts 判十戒318
      • B. Division of Ten Precepts 判十戒341
      • C. Division of Ten Precepts 判十戒357
      • D. Division of Nine Precepts 判九戒375
      • E. Division of Nine Precepts 判九戒401
    • 3. General Conclusion 總結424
      • A. Dissemination Section 流通分425

• INDEX429

• Contributors451

• Members of the English Translation Editorial Board The Collected Works of Korean Buddhism453

• Members of the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought454

• In Memoriam: The Most Venerable Kasan Jikwan455

• Executive Members of the Steering Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought457

• Collected Works of Korean Buddhism458

• Foreword by Khenpo Tsültrim Gyamtso Rinpoche 7
• Introduction 9
• The Root Text: Frameworks of Buddhist Philosophy: A Systematic Presentation
  of the Cause-Based Philosophical Vehicles 57
  • 1. Three Yānas and Four Tenet Systems 83
• Section I: Hīnayāna
  • 2. The Shrāvakayāna: An Overview and the Four Truths 87
  • 3. The Shrāvakayāna: Its Tenet Systems, Orders, and Results 123
  • 4. The Pratyekabuddhayāna 151
• Section II: Mahāyāna
  • 5. The Mahāyāna’s Distinctions and Training 161
  • 6. Chittamātra 175
  • 7. An Overview of Madhyamaka 195
  • 8. Rangtong-Madhyamaka 203
  • 9. Svātantrika 217
  • 10. Prāsaṅgika 223
  • 11. Shentong-Madhyamaka 249
  • 12. Secret Mantra-Madhyamaka 269
• Appendix: Outline of the Text 275
• Glossary 283
• Endnotes 301
• Bibliography of Works Cited by the Author 407
• Reference Bibliography 423
• Index 459

• Forewordix
• Acknowledgmentsxv
• Introduction1
• 1 ABHIDHARMA : ITS SCOPE AND MEANING9
  • The Meaning of the Term Abhidharma9
  • The Meaning of the Term Buddha13
• 2 THE OPERATIONAL SYSTEM "MIND"15
  • The Importance of a Healthy Attitude15
  • A Structural Model of "Mind"23
  • "Mind" as a Self-Structuring Process34
• 3 THE CONTEXTUALIZED SYSTEM "MIND"41
  • Sociocultural Operators41
• 4 POLLUTANTS AND QUASI POLLUTANTS52
  • Pollutants52
  • The Quasi Pollutants58
  • Summary61
• 5 CONCENTRATION, CONTEMPLATION, MEDITATION:
     PRELIMINARIES ON THE WAY OF GROWING UP62
  • Objectivistic-Reductionistic Concentration66
  • Mentalistic-Creative Contemplation81
  • Holistic Imparting of Meaning89
• 6 THE WAY: THE EARLIER VIEW I95
  • Introductory Remarks95
  • The Theravāda Conception of the Way97
• 7 THE WAY: THE EARLIER VIEW Il106
  • The Śrāvaka and Pratyekabuddha Ways106
  • The Śrāvaka Conception of the Way106
  • The Pratyekabuddha Conception of the Way122
• 8 THE WAY: THE LATER VIEW I126
  • The Bodhisattva Way I: Prelude126
  • The Meaning of the Terms Bodhisattva and Bodhicitta126
  • rigs/khams128
  • de-bzhin/bde-bar gshegs-pa'i snying-po132
  • The Activation of Bodhicitta136
  • Ethics and Sociocultural Levels145
• 9 THE WAY: THE LATER VIEW II151
  • The Bodhisattva Way II: The Exact Itinerary151
  • The Build-up Phase151
  • The Probability of a Breakthrough161
  • The Way of Seeing165
  • The Way of Cultivating What Has Been Seen172
  • The Way of No More Learning174
• 10 RDZOGS-CHEN: SUPERCOMPLETENESS I184
  • Introductory Remarks184
  • The rDzogs-chen Program188
• 11 RDZOGS-CHEN: SUPERCOMPLETENESS II195
  • The Homologous Evolution of Man and God/Teacher195
  • The Evolution of the God/Teacher Idea195
  • The Evolution of Man as the Holomovement's Errancy Mode199
• 12 RDZOGS-CHEN: SUPERCOMPLETENESS III206
  • Ontological Difference and Coordinated Hierarchy206
  • The Ontological Difference206
  • Coordinated Hierarchy215
• 13 RDZOGS-CHEN: SUPERCOMPLETENESS IV223
  • The Role of Fluctuations in an Individual's Psychic Evolution223
  • The Homology of Mentation Pollutants and Originary-Awareness Modes223
  • The Dynamics of Self-Organization: Obscuration and Clearing235
• Epilogue245
• Notes249
• References284
• Indexes291
  • A. Technical Terms291
  • B. Subjects300

• • • Introduction
      
    • By Thupten Jinpa and Donald Lopez Jr. 1

• 1 First, How I Set Out from Lhasa29
• 2 General Formation of the Land of India and How It Acquired Its Name59
• 3 How the Lands Were Given Their Names71
• 4 The Snow Mountains of the North and Analysis of Related Issues89
• 5 What the Famous Places of the Past Are Like95
• 6 On Men, Women, Food, Drink, and Various Apparel129
• 7 Identification of Various Species of Flowers and Trees and How to Recognize
  Them175
• 8 Writing Systems of Various Regions of Past and Present189
• 9 On the Linguistic Rules of the Tibetan Language209
• 10 The Inscriptions of the Dharma King Aśoka Carved on the Rock Face of Mount Girnar221
• 11 The Gupta Dynasty229
• 12 The Pāla Dynasty259
• 13 From 1,600 Years after the Passing of the Buddha to the Present279
• 14 On the History of Siṅghala305
• 15 On the Conditions and the Customs of the Tibetan People in Ancient Times349
• 16 The Religion of the Tīrthikas363
• 17 Conclusion397

• • • Appendix A: Tibetan Transliteration417
    • Appendix B: Glossary of Terms419
    • Acknowledgments425
    • Notes427
    • Index453

• Advice to Myselfix
• Foreword by H. H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpochexv
• Introduction by Ven. Tulku Urgyen Rinpochexvii

• Lamp of Mahamudra
• Prologue1

• Section One: GROUND MAHAMUDRA
  • The View5

• Section Two: PATH MAHAMUDRA
  • Shamatha and Vipashyana19
  • Faults and Qualities29
  • Experience and Realization37
  • The Four Yogas43
  • The Five Paths and the Ten Bhumis57
  • Enhancement71

• Section Three: FRUITION MAHAMUDRA
  • The Three Kayas of Buddhahood77

• Epilogue85

• The Heart of the Matter
• Introduction93

• Translator's Afterword153
• Well-wishes155
• Glossary for Lamp of Mahamudra157
• Masters and Texts Quoted in
  • The Heart of the Matter197

• • Introduction3
  • The Life of the Buddha according to the Lalita-vistara (as a part of
       IV Acc₁ b₂ b₃ — "The Acts of the Buddha" — in Vol. I.)7
  • The Buddha's attainment of Nirvāṇa according to the Vinaya-kṣudraka56
• IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ A detailed Exposition of the Essence of the Doctrine. (88 a. 3.)
  
  • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃a₄. The Rehearsals of the Kanon. (Ibid.)73
    • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ a₄ a₅. The Rehearsals of the Hīnayānistic Scripture:
      
      • The First Rehearsal. (88 a. 5.).73}
      • The Second Rehearsal. (96 b. 4.)91
      • The Third Rehearsal and the 18 Sects. (99 a. 1.)96
    • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ a₄ b₅ The Rehearsal of the Mahāyanistic Kanon.
           (101 a.3.)101
  • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ b₄. The Period of Existence of the Doctrine. (101 b. 1.)102
    • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ b₄ a₅. The Time during Which the Doctrine is to exist [Ibid.] Quotations from Sūtras and Çāstras. Calculations of Atīça, of the Sa-skya Paṇḍita etc. regarding the time that has passed since the death of the
      Buddha. (103 a. 5.)
      
    • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ b₄ b₅. The Prophecies concerning the persons who
      furthered the spread of Buddhism. (104 b. 3.)108
      • The Prophecy of the Mahākaruṇā-puṇḍarīka. (104 b. 6.).109
      • The Prophecy of the Mañjuçrī-mūla-tantra. (105 b. 4.)111
      • The Prophecies concerning the Tantric Ācāryas of the Mahākāla-
        tantra-rāja and the Kālacakra- Uttaratantra. (108 b. 4.)120
    • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ b₄ c₅. The Celebrated Buddhist Teachers of India. (110 a. 1.)
      
      • The Teacher Nāgārjuna. (Ibid.)122
      • The Teacher Āryādeva. (112 b. 6.)130
      • The Teacher Candragomin. (113 b. 3.)132
      • The Teacher Candrakīrti. (114 b. 2.)134
      • The Biography of the Brothers Āryāsanga and Vasubandhu.
        (115 a. 2.)136
      • The Teacher Sthiramati. (119 a. 6.)147
      • The Teacher Dignāga. (120 a. 4.)149
      • The Teacher Dharmakīrti. (121 b.6.)152
      • The Teacher Haribhadra. (123 b. 3.)156
      • The Teacher Guṇaprabha. (125 b. 5.)160
      • The Teacher Çāntideva. (126 b. 1.)161
      • The History of the Grammatical Literature. (128 b. 5.)166
      • The Lost Parts of the Kanon. (130 a. 6.)169
    • IV. Acc₁ b₂ c₃ c₄. The Cessation of the Existence of the Doctrine. (131 b.4.)
      
      • The Prophecy of the Candragarbha-paripṛcchā, etc.171
  • IV B. The History of Buddhism in Tibet. (137 a.1.)181
    • IV. Ba. The Earlier Period of the Propagation of the Doctrine. (137 a. 2.)
      
      • The Genealogy of the early Tibetan Kings. (137 a. 4.)181
      • The Reign of Sroṅ-tsen-gam-po. (138. a 2.)183
      • The Reign of Ṭhi-sroṅ-de-tsen. (139 b. 1.)186
      • The Controversy between Kamalaçīla and the Hva-çaṅ
        Mahāyāna. (143 a. 1.)193
      • The Reign of Ral-pa-can. (144 b. 6.)196
      • The Persecution of Laṅ-dar-ma. (145 b. 2.)197
    • IV. Bb. The Subsequent Period of the Propagation of the Doctrine.
           (147 a. 1.)
      
      • The Activity of the 10 Monks of Ü and Tsaṅ (Ibid.)201
      • The Monasteries and Monastic Sections founded by them.
        (148 a. 6.)203
      • The Arrival of Dīpaṁkaraçrījñāna (Atīça). (153 a. 4.)213
      • The Translation of the Kanonical Texts by the Lotsavas and Paṇḍits.
        (153 b. 1.)214

• Prefaceix
• 1. Impermanence1
• 2. Buddha-nature18
• 3. Being-time24
• 4. Birth and Death72
• 5. Dialectic78
• 6. Time and eternity94
• 7. Thinking113
• Epilogue130
• Notes133
• References141
• Index145

• Prefacepage vii
• Apparatusxiii
• Texts1

• ORIENTAL (British Museum) (Or.)1
• Hoernle (H.)25–77, 80–106
• Stein E. 1. 777–79
• Suvarṇbhāsa-sūtra106–119
• Khadaliq (Kha.)119
• Mazar Tagh (M.T.)192
• Balawaste226
• Ch. 0042 (Ch. Ch'ien-fo tung)236
• Ch. 0047 Uttaratantra237
• P 2740239
• Ch. 0020242
• Ch. 1. 0019242
• Ch. xlvi 0015 a Aparimitāyuḥ-sūtra243
• Ch. c. 001 755–851249
• Ch. c. 001 1062–1109253
• Ch. c. 002255
• Dandan öilik (D.)255
  • (D. III 1, p. 69)
• Dumaqu263
• Farhad beg (F.)271
• Hardinge271
• Harvard291
• Huntington294
• Hedong295
• Karma textpage 296
• Khotanese (India Office) (Khot. IO)290–313, 346–354
• Kuduk köl313
• Leningrad S313
• Otani313
• Pelliot (P.)315
• Sampula327
• Saṃghāṭa-sūtra328
• Tajik (Taj.)354
• Toghrak Mazar (T.M.)354
• E, folio 294355
• Kauśika-sūtra356
• Sitātapatrā-dhāraṇī S 2529 and Ch. c. 001, 1–198359, 368

• Appendix377
• Concordance390
• Addenda394

• Abstract2
• Acknowledgments7
• Abbreviations10
• Introduction13
  • 1. Context13
  • 2. Buddhist Hermeneutics: Literature Review28
  • 3. Division of Topics38
• Chapter 143
• The Place and Importance of the Five Treatises of Maitreya in Tibetan Buddhist Doctrine43
  • 1. Tibetan fields of knowledge43
  • 2. The importance of Madhyamaka for doctrinal identity48
  • 3. Scriptural sources for Perfection of Wisdom and Madhyamaka51
  • 4. The Tension Between Two Currents56
  • 5. The Importance of a Resolution60
• Chapter 2: Tibetan Interpretations of the Five Treatises70
  • • Note on Method71
  • 1. Definition and History of the notion of the "Five Treatises"74
    • 1. History of the Five Treatises in Tibet75
      • a) The Treatises translated during the early propagation
        (snga dar)75
      • b) The Five Treatises at the time of the later propagation
        (phyi dar)77
    • 2. History of the Concept of the Five Treatises80
  • 2. Interpretations of the Five Treatises89
    • • rNgog Lotsāwa Blo ldan shes rab (1059-1109)89
      • Phya pa Chos kyi seng ge (1109-? )90
      • Sa skya Paṇḍita Kun dga' rgyal mtshan (1182-1251)92
      • Dol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan (1292-1360)96
      • Bu ston Rin chen grub (1290-1364)99
      • kLong chen rab ―byams (1308-1363)101
      • Third Karmapa Rang byung rdo rje (1284-1339)104
      • Blo gros mtshungs med (early 1300s)106
      • Red mda' ba gZhon nu bLo gros (1349-1412)108
      • Tsong kha pa bLo bzang grags pa (1357-1419)110
      • Rong ston Shes bya kun rig (1367-1449)112
  • 3. Analysis and typology of interpretations113
• Chapter 3: Śākya mchog ldan's defense of the definitive meaning of the Five
                    Treatises in the Byams chos lnga'i nges don rab tu gsal ba120
  • 1. The Byams chos lnga'i nges don rab tu gsal ba122
  • 2. The Order of the Five Treatises125
  • 3. The Doxographical Classification of the Five Treatises130
    • 1. Privileging the authority of Asaṅga and Vasubandhu133
    • 2. Stressing passages against reification of mind in the
          Five Treatises and their commentaries139
    • 3. Śākya mchog ldan's systematic harmonization of the meaning of the
         Five Treatises142
      • a) Interpretation of the Abhisamayālaṅkāra143
      • b) Interpretation of Ratnagotravibhāga as other-emptiness (gzhan
            stong)149
  • 4. Summary of the meaning of the Five Treatises154
  • 5. Analysis and interpretation158
• Chapter 4: The Place of the Five Treatises in the Thought of Śākya mchog
                     ldan164
  • 1. Śākya mchog ldan's Interpretation of the Five Treatises in Works Other
       than the BCN165
  • 2. Elements of Śākya mchog ldan's general interpretation of Mahāyāna
       Doctrines180
    • 1. General classification of the Mahāyāna180
    • 2. Śākya mchog ldan's attitude towards the view of niḥsvabhāvavāda184
    • 3. Interpretation of Vajrayāna as tantric Madhyamaka190
    • 4. Śākya mchog ldan on Pramāṇa Theory193
    • 5. Interpretation of buddha nature195
  • Summary196
• Conclusion200
• Appendix 1: Translation of the introductory part of the Byams chos lnga'i nges
  don rab tu gsal ba of Śākya mchog ldan205
  • 1. Preliminary remarks205
  • 2. Translation207
• Bibliography254
  • Bibliography of Indian and Tibetan Sources254
  • Modern Scholarship262

• Introductionvii
• Part One: Life and Context
  • One. Mipam's Life3
  • Two. Background of Buddhism in India17
  • Three. Buddhist Identity in Tibet39
  • Four. Survey of Mipam's Works55
• Part Two: Overview of Mipam's Buddhist Works
  • Five. Unity67
  • Six. Mind-Only and the Middle Way81
  • Seven. Emptiness and the Nonconceptual99
  • Eight. Immanent Wisdom119
  • Conclusion135
• Part Three: Select Translations
  • 1. Emptiness and Analysis141
  • 2. Conceiving the Inconceivable142
  • 3. Unity and Buddha-Nature143
  • 4. Steps to the Middle Way145
  • 5. No-Self146
  • 6. Unmistaken Emptiness147
  • 7. Meditation on Emptiness149
  • 8. Mind- Only and the Middle Way150
  • 9. Mind-Only and the Middle Way II151
  • 10. Reflexive Awareness155
  • 11. Consequence and Autonomy157
  • 12. Consequence and Autonomy II158
  • 13. Two Truths160
  • 14. Unconditioned Buddha-Nature163
  • 15. Appearance and Reality167
  • 16. From the Two Wheels of Sutra to Tantra169
  • 17. EstablishingAppearancesasDivine170
  • 18. Fourfold Valid Cognition173
  • 19. Practical Advice for Beginners175
  • 20. Practical Advice for Monastics176
  • 21. Practical Advice on the Path of Illusion179
  • 22. Stages to Calm Abiding182
  • 23. Stillness, Movement, and Awareness in the Great Seal187
  • 24. Method for Sustaining the Nature of Awareness189
  • 25. A Quintessential Instruction on the Vital Point in Three Statements191
  • 26. Ground, Path, and Fruition of the Great Perfection192
  • 27. Bringing Afflictions onto the Path194
  • 28. Mind and Wisdom196
  • 29. Sutra and Tantra198
  • 30. Sword of Intelligence: Method for Meditating on Bodhicitta201
  • 31. Lily of Wisdom s Presence204
  • 32. Verse of Auspiciousness208
• Acknowledgments209
• Notes211
• Glossary225
• Bibliography229
• Index239