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		<property:BookToc rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">*&lt;span&gt; Preface&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;xi&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; List of Abbreviations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;xv&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Part I: Introduction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;

* &lt;span&gt; Chapter One: Approaches to Enlightenment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
** &lt;span&gt; The Great Perfection&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;
** &lt;span&gt; Simultaneous and Gradual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span&gt; Chapter Two: Jigme Lingpa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;
** &lt;span&gt; The Life and Education of Jigme Lingpa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;
** &lt;span&gt; Jigme Lingpa's Works&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span&gt; Chapter Three: The Longchen Nyingtig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 1. Treasure Texts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 2. Revelation, Writing, and Publishing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;34&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 3. The Contents of the Longchen Nyingtig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span&gt; Part II: Simultaneous and Gradual&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span&gt; Chapter Four: Immanence and Distinction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;51&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 1. Key Concepts of the Seminal Heart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;51&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 2. Immanence&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;54&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 3. Distinction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;56&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 4. Reconciling Immanence with Distinction: The Buddha Nature&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;63&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Chapter Five: The Simultaneous Approach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;71&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 1. Criticism of Causal Practice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;71&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 2. Criticism of Inferior Approaches&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;76&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 3. The Rejection of Stages in Realization&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;91&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Chapter Six: The Gradual Approach&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;93&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 1. Graduated Practice within the Longchen Nyingtig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;93&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 2. Levels of Realization&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;106&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Chapter Seven: Interpretation and Reconciliation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;115&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 1. Simultaneous and Gradual Realization: The Levels of Ability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;115&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 2. The Manifestation of Enlightenment: The Khyung Bird&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;124&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; Chapter Eight: Conclusions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;129&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span&gt; Part III: Translations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;133&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span&gt; Technical note on the translations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;135&lt;/span&gt;

*Treasure Texts
**&lt;span&gt; 1. The Great Perfection Tantra of the Expanse of Samantabhadra's Wisdom&lt;br&gt;(YLG)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;137&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 2. The Subsequent Tantra of Great Perfection Instruction (GP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;148&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 3. Experiencing the Enlightened Mind of Samantabhadra (KGN)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;155&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 4. Distinguishing the Three Essential Points of the&lt;br&gt;    Great Perfection (NSB)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;162&lt;/span&gt;

*Pure Visions
**&lt;span&gt; 5. An Aspirational Prayer for the Ground, Path, and Result(ML)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;167&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 6. Vajra Verses on the Natural State (DTK)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;170&lt;/span&gt;

*Supporting Texts
**&lt;span&gt; 7. The White Lotus (PK)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;173&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 8. The Words of the Omniscient One (KZL)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;208&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 9. The Lion's Roar That Destroys the Deviations of Renunciants&lt;br&gt;Meditating on the Seminal Heart (SN)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;225&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 10. Seeing Nakedly the Natural State of the Great Perfection (NCT)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;235&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span&gt; Part IV: Critical Editions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;239&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span&gt; Technical note on the critical editions&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;241&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 1. rDzogs pa chen po kun tu bzang po ye shes klong gi rgyud&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;243&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 2. Man ngag rdzogs pa chen po rgyud phyi ma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;251&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 3. Kun tu bzang po'i dgongs nyams&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;255&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 4. rDzogs pa chen po'i gnad gsum shan byed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;259&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 5. gZhi lam bras bu'i smon lam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;261&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 6. gNas lugs rdo rje tshig rkang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;263&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 7. rGyab brten padma dkar po&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;264&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 8. Kun mkhyen zhal lung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;288&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 9. Gol shor tshar gcod sengge ngar ro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;300&lt;/span&gt;
**&lt;span&gt; 10. rDzogs pa chen po gnas lugs cer mthong&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;307&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span&gt; Appendix I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;311&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Appendix II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;319&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Appendix III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;321&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;325&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Bibliography&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;367&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;span&gt; Index&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;383&lt;/span&gt;</property:BookToc>
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		<property:Citation rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Schaik, Sam van. ''Approaching the Great Perfection: Simultaneous and Gradual Approaches to Dzogchen Practice in Jigme Lingpa's Longchen Nyingtig''. Studies in Indian and Tibetan Buddhism. Boston: Wisdom Publications, 2004.</property:Citation>
		<property:Citationofsourcetexts rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">#[['jigs med gling pa]]. [[klong chen snying gi thig le las rdzogs pa chen po kun tu bzang po ye shes klong gi rgyud]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 355-368. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[klong chen snying gi thig le las man ngag rdzogs pa chen po'i rgyud phyi ma]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 369-376. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[klong chen snying gi thig le las kun tu bzang po'i dgongs nyams]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 377-384. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[klong chen snying gi thig le las rdzogs pa chen po'i gnad gsum shan 'byed]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 385-388. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[klong chen snying gi thig le las gzhi lam 'bres bu'i smon lam]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 27-28. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[gnas lugs rdo rje'i tshig rkang]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 659-662. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[klong chen snying gi thig le las rdo rje theg pa'i smin grol lam gyi rim pa las 'phro ba'i man ngag gi rgyab brten pad+ma dkar po]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 619-658. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[rig 'dzin mkha' 'gro dgyes pa'i gsang gtam yid dpyod grub mtha' 'jig pa'i tho lum snying phyung lag mthil bkram pa'i man ngag gsang bdag dga' bo'i thol glu kun mkhyen zhal lung bdud rtsi'i thigs pa]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 663-680. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[snying tig sgom pa'i bya bral gyi gol shor tshar gcod seng ge'i nga ro]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 681-692. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]] 
#_____. [[rdzogs pa chen po gnas lugs cer mthong]]. In [[gsung 'bum 'jigs med gling pa]], Vol.8. Gangtok: [[sde dge par khang]], 1985: 693-698. [[File:Buda by BDRC Logo.jpg|class=bdrc-button|x40px|link=http://purl.bdrc.io/resource/W27300]]</property:Citationofsourcetexts>
		<property:Description rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string">Dzogchen, the Great Perfection, is the highest meditative practice of the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism. Approaching the Great Perfection looks at a seminal figure of this lineage, Jigme Lingpa, an eighteenth-century scholar and meditation master whose cycle of teachings, the Longchen Nyingtig, has been handed down through generations as a complete path to enlightenment. 

Ten of Jigme Lingpa’s texts are presented here, along with extensive analysis by van Schaik of a core tension within Buddhism: Does enlightenment develop gradually, or does it come all at once? Though these two positions are often portrayed by modern scholars as entrenched polemical views, van Schaik explains that both tendencies are present within each of the Tibetan Buddhist schools. He demonstrates how Jigme Lingpa is a great illustration of this balancing act, using the rhetoric of both sides to propel his students along the path of the Great Perfection. [https://wisdomexperience.org/product/approaching-great-perfection/ (Source: Wisdom Publications)]</property:Description>
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