gzhan stong
type: Ontology
creation date: 2025-12-07T09:27:12-05:00
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Key Terms/gzhan stong
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bu nay title: gzhan stong
default sort: gzhan stong
glossary-basic meaning: The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature.
glossary-definition KB: There is no monolithic Shentong School but a great variety of ways in which different Tibetan masters understand this term and how they formulate the associated view. A text by the twentieth-century Kagyü scholar Surmang Padma Namgyal (Zur mang pad ma rnam rgyal n.d., 60.3–61.6) lists seven different kinds of views held by various Jonang, Sakya, Kagyü, and Nyingma masters on the distinction between rangtong and shentong (I am indebted to Anne Burchardi for drawing my attention to this text and providing me with a copy of it). According to this text, (1) Dölpopa and his followers hold consciousness to be rangtong and wisdom to be shentong. (2) Śākya Chogden considers phenomena—appearances—as rangtong and the nature of phenomena—luminosity—as shentong. (3) Sabsang Mati Paṇchen maintains subject and object to be rangtong and expanse (dbyings) and wisdom to be shentong. (4) The Thirteenth Karmapa considers saṃsāra to be rangtong and nirvāṇa to be shentong. (5) The Eighth Karmapa and his followers take the pure kāyas and wisdom to be rangtong in terms of their actual mode of being and to be shentong in terms of the way they appear. (6) The Eighth Situpa considers the side of negation as rangtong and the side of affirmation as shentong. (7) The Nyingma master Gédsé Paṇchen from Gaḥto Monastery (Tib. Kaḥ thog dge rtse paṇ chen, 1761–1829) regards the phase of conclusive resolve during meditative equipoise to be rangtong and the phase of clearly distinguishing during subsequent attainment to be shentong. Among these seven views, Padma Namgyal explicitly considers views (4), (6), and (7) to be good positions. Summarizing the seven into three, Padma Namgyal says that Dölpopa asserts wisdom to be shentong, Śākya Chogden holds the expanse to be shentong, and all others take both wisdom and the expanse to be shentong. When summarized into two, the first five are said to present rangtong and shentong mainly by way of what is to be determined, while the latter two do so primarily …
glossary-definition TDC: jo nang pas 'dod pa'i lta ba ste/ yul gzung ba dang yul can 'dzin pa gnyis su med pa rtogs pa'i gzung 'dzin gnyis med kyi ye shes de yongs grub yin la/ de gzhan dbang dang kun btags sogs kun rdzob pa'i chos gzhan gyis stongs pas na gzhan stong zhes zer/
glossary-english: other-emptiness
glossary-english GD: extraneous emptiness
glossary-english IW: emptiness of something else
glossary-english JH: emptiness-of-other
glossary-english KB: other-empty
glossary-english KB: other-emptiness
glossary-english RB: qualified emptiness
glossary-key term: gzhan stong
glossary-part of speech: Adjective
glossary-phonetic: zhentong
glossary-related terms: rang stong
glossary-source language: Tibetan
glossary-sutra quote: Since adventitious, relative entities do not exist at all in reality, they are empty of their own essences; they are self-empty. The innate ultimate, which is the ultimate emptiness of these relative things, is never nonexistent; therefore, it is other-empty.
glossary-sutra quote source: Dölpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, ''Collected Works'' ('Dzamthang ed., 1998), Vol. 6: 416. Translated by Douglas Duckworth in "Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature." (2014), page 1075.
glossary-tibetan: གཞན་སྟོང་
glossary-topic variation: Zhentong
glossary-usage: :དེ་ལ་ཀུན་རྫོབ་གློ་བུར་བའི་དངོས་པོ་རྣམས་ནི་གནས་ལུགས་ལ་གཏན་ནས་མེད་པའི་ཕྱིར་རང་གི་ངོ་བོས་སྟོང་སྟེ་དེ་ནི་རང་སྟོང་ངོ་། ཀུན་རྫོབ་དེ་རྣམས་ཀྱིས་སྟོང་པའི་དོན་དམ་སྟོང་པའི་དོན་དམ་གཉུག་མ་ནི་ནམ་ལང་མེད་པ་མ་ཡིན་པའི་ཕྱིར་གཞན་སྟོང་ངོ་། ::དོལ་པོ་པ་ཤེས་རབ་རྒྱལ་མཚན་ གསུང་འབུམ་ལས་པོད་དྲུག་པ་༤༡༦ (འཛམ་ཐང་: ཕྱིའི་ལོ་༡༩༩༨)
glossary-wylie: gzhan stong
values to redirect: gzhan stong;gzhan stong;Zhentong;shentong; zhentong; other-emptiness; empty of other; Zhentong; Shentong;
wiki page creation date: 2019-11-22T18:12:12Z
creation date#aux: 2458810.2584722
last editor is: User:Mort
wiki page modification date: 2019-11-22T18:12:12Z
modification date#aux: 2458810.2584722
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wiki page sort key: gzhan stong
glossary-definition: gzhan stong - The state of being devoid of that which is wholly different rather than being void of its own nature. The term is generally used to refer to the ultimate, or buddha-nature, being empty of other phenomena such as adventitious defiling emotions but not empty of its true nature. Tib. གཞན་སྟོང་
glossary-link: Key Terms/gzhan stong
glossary-term: shentong
glossary-term: zhentong
glossary-term: other-emptiness
glossary-term: empty of other
glossary-term: Zhentong
glossary-term: Shentong
glossary-term: gzhan stong
glossary-term: Gzhan stong
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Media/Lama Shenpen Hookham: On Explaining the Shentong View to Beginners
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Media/Lama Shenpen Hookham: On Her Approach to the Rangtong and Shentong Debate over the Nature of Reality
type: Subject
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Media/Lama Shenpen Hookham: On How the Prajñāpāramitā Tradition Promotes a Shentong View
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Media/Lama_Shenpen_Hookham-3A_On_How_the_Prajñāpāramitā_Tradition_Promotes_a_Shentong_View
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Media/Lama Shenpen Speaks on Buddha Nature
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Books/Le Bouddha du Dolpo
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Books/Luminous Heart
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Books/Mahamudra and the Middle Way - Vol. 2
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Books/Mahāyāna Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations
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Media/Michael Sheehy at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Books/Mind Seeing Mind
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Books/Mountain Doctrine: Tibet's Fundamental Treatise on Other-Emptiness and the Buddha-Matrix
type: Subject
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Articles/Non-representational Language in Mipam's Representation of Other-emptiness
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Media/On Jamgon Kongtrul and the Different Approaches to Understanding Buddha-Nature by Ringu Tulku
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Media/On Rangtong and Shentong Views of Buddha-Nature by Tokpa Tulku
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Media/On the Future of Buddha-Nature Studies by Karl Brunnhölzl
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Articles/Onto-theology and Emptiness: The Nature of Buddha-Nature
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Articles/Other-Emptiness in the Jonang School: The Theo-logic of Buddhist Dualism
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wiki page sort key: Other-Emptiness in the Jonang School: The Theo-logic of Buddhist Dualism

Articles/Practical Implications of Shentong Interpretations of Tathāgatagarbha by Lama Shenpen Hookham
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Books/Prajñāpāramitā, Indian "gzhan stong pas", and the Beginning of Tibetan gzhan stong
type: Subject
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Articles/Presenting a Controversial Doctrine in a Conciliatory Way: Mkhan chen Gang shar dbang po's (1925–1958-59?) Inclusion of Gzhan stong ("Emptiness of Other") within Prāsaṅgika
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/Presenting_a_Controversial_Doctrine_in_a_Conciliatory_Way-3A_Mkhan_chen_Gang_shar_dbang_po-27s_-281925–1958-2D59
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Books/Progressive Stages of Meditation on Emptiness (2016)
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Articles/Putting Buddha Nature into Practice
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Media/Shenpen Hookham at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Articles/Shentong – An Introduction
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Media/Sina Joos at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Articles/Tathāgatagarbha from the Perspective of Karma pa Mi bskyod rdo rje as Presented in His Lamp that Eloquently Highlights the Tradition of the Gzhan stong Madhyamaka Proponents
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Books/The Buddha Within (Hookham)
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Articles/The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine According to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhāga-Review by Ehrhard
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Articles/The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine according to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga-Review by Griffiths
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Articles/The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine according to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhāga-Review by Gimello
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Articles/The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine according to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhāga-Review by Need
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Books/The Buddha from Dolpo (2010)
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Books/The Center of the Sunlit Sky
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Books/The Essence of Other-Emptiness
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Articles/The Essence of Zhentong
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Books/The Gzhan stong Chen mo
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Articles/The Gzhan stong Model of Reality: Some More Material on Its Origin, Transmission, and Interpretation
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wiki page sort key: The Gzhan stong Model of Reality: Some More Material on Its Origin, Transmission, and Interpretation

Media/The Heart Sutra and the Shentong View
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Books/The Lion's Roar That Proclaims Zhantong
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Books/The Lion’s Roar Proclaiming Emptiness of Other
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Articles/The Logic of Liberation: Epistemology as a Path to the Realization of Mahāmudrā
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wiki page sort key: The Logic of Liberation: Epistemology as a Path to the Realization of Mahāmudrā

Articles/The Original Ratnagotravibhāga and Its Yogāçāra Interpretation as Possible Indian Precedents of Gzhan stong ("Empti-ness of Other")
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wiki page sort key: The Original Ratnagotravibhāga and Its Yogāçāra Interpretation as Possible Indian Precedents of Gzhan stong ("Empti-ness of Other")

Articles/The Ornament of the Buddha-Nature: Dge rtse Mahāpaṇḍita's Exposition of the Great Madhyamaka of Other-Emptiness
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Books/The Other Emptiness: Entering Wisdom Beyond Emptiness of Self
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wiki page sort key: The Other Emptiness: Entering Wisdom Beyond Emptiness of Self

Books/The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet
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wiki page sort key: The Other Emptiness: Rethinking the Zhentong Buddhist Discourse in Tibet

Articles/The Practical Implications of the Doctrine of Buddha-nature
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Articles/The Role of Rang Rig in the Pramāṇa-Based Gzhan Stong of the Seventh Karma pa
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wiki page sort key: The Role of Rang Rig in the Pramāṇa-Based Gzhan Stong of the Seventh Karma pa

Media/The Shentong Interpretation of Tathagatagarbha Doctrine
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wiki page sort key: The Shentong Interpretation of Tathagatagarbha Doctrine

Articles/The Sky Dragon's Profound Roar
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Books/The Soteriological Epistemology of the Seventh Karma pa
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wiki page sort key: The Soteriological Epistemology of the Seventh Karma pa

Books/The Uttaratantra in the Age of Argumentation: Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen and His Fourteenth-Century Interlocutors on Buddha-Lineage
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Books/The_Uttaratantra_in_the_Age_of_Argumentation-3A_Dolpopa_Sherab_Gyaltsen_and_His_Fourteenth-2DCentury_Interlocutors_on_Buddha-2DLineage
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Books/The Uttaratantra in the Land of Snows
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Articles/Tokpa Tulku Interview on Buddha-Nature
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Articles/Tāranātha's "Twenty-One Differences with Regard to the Profound Meaning"
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Books/Visions of Unity
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Articles/We Are All Gzhan stong pas: Reflections on the Reflexive Nature of Awareness: A Tibetan Madhyamaka Defence by Paul Williams
type: Subject
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Articles/What Is My Mind without Me? Buddha-Nature in the Karma Kagyu School by Karl Brunnhölzl
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wiki page sort key: What Is My Mind without Me? Buddha-Nature in the Karma Kagyu School by Karl Brunnhölzl

Texts/Gzhan stong dbu ma chen po'i lta khrid rdo rje zla ba dri ma med pa'i 'od zer
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wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Rgyud bla ma'i 'grel pa mdo dang sbyar ba nges pa'i don gyi snang ba
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bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma rgyan gyi me tog
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Theg_pa_chen_po_rgyud_bla_ma_rgyan_gyi_me_tog
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Gzhan stong khas len seng ge'i nga ro
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Gzhan_stong_khas_len_seng_ge-27i_nga_ro
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Gzhan stong dbu ma'i rgyan
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Gzhan_stong_dbu_ma-27i_rgyan
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Gzhan stong dbu ma'i rgyan gyi lung sbyor
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Gzhan_stong_dbu_ma-27i_rgyan_gyi_lung_sbyor
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Gzhan stong snying po
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Gzhan_stong_snying_po
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Theg mchog shin tu rgyas pa'i dbu ma chen po rnam par nges pa
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Theg_mchog_shin_tu_rgyas_pa-27i_dbu_ma_chen_po_rnam_par_nges_pa
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Gzhan stong chen mo
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Gzhan_stong_chen_mo
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Theg mchog shin tu rgyas pa'i dbu ma chen po rnam par nges pa'i rnam bshad zin bris dbu phyogs legs pa
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Theg_mchog_shin_tu_rgyas_pa-27i_dbu_ma_chen_po_rnam_par_nges_pa-27i_rnam_bshad_zin_bris_dbu_phyogs_legs_pa
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Kun mkhyen jo nang pa chen po'i dgongs pa gzhan stong dbu ma'i tshul legs pa bshad mthar 'dzin gdung 'phrog
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Kun_mkhyen_jo_nang_pa_chen_po-27i_dgongs_pa_gzhan_stong_dbu_ma-27i_tshul_legs_pa_bshad_mthar_-27dzin_gdung_-27phrog
wiki namespace: 0
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bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Ri chos nges don rgya mtsho zhes bya ba mthar thug thun mong ma yin pa'i man ngag
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Ri_chos_nges_don_rgya_mtsho_zhes_bya_ba_mthar_thug_thun_mong_ma_yin_pa-27i_man_ngag
wiki namespace: 0
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bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Bka' bsdu bzhi pa'i don bstan rtsis chen po
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Bka-27_bsdu_bzhi_pa-27i_don_bstan_rtsis_chen_po
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Zab mo gzhan stong dbu ma'i brgyud 'debs
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Zab_mo_gzhan_stong_dbu_ma-27i_brgyud_-27debs
wiki namespace: 0
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bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Gzhan stong dbu ma'i rnam gzhag snying por dril ba
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Gzhan_stong_dbu_ma-27i_rnam_gzhag_snying_por_dril_ba
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000000-QINU`"'

Texts/Gzhan stong lta khrid
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Gzhan_stong_lta_khrid
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000539-QINU`"'

Texts/Dpon byang ba'i phyag tu phul ba'i chos kyi shan 'byed
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Dpon_byang_ba-27i_phyag_tu_phul_ba-27i_chos_kyi_shan_-27byed
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000554-QINU`"'

Texts/Theg pa chen po rgyud bla ma'i bstan bcos legs bshad nyi ma'i 'od zer
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Theg_pa_chen_po_rgyud_bla_ma-27i_bstan_bcos_legs_bshad_nyi_ma-27i_-27od_zer
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000829-QINU`"'

Texts/Dbu ma gzhan stong smra ba'i srol legs par phye ba'i sgron me
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Dbu_ma_gzhan_stong_smra_ba-27i_srol_legs_par_phye_ba-27i_sgron_me
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000887-QINU`"'

Texts/Chen po gzhan stong gi lta ba dang 'brel ba'i phyag rgya chen po'i smon lam gyi rnam bshad nges don dbyings kyi rol mo
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Chen_po_gzhan_stong_gi_lta_ba_dang_-27brel_ba-27i_phyag_rgya_chen_po-27i_smon_lam_gyi_rnam_bshad_nges_don_dbyings_kyi_rol_mo
wiki namespace: 0
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bu nay topic tags: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: '"`UNIQ--noglossary-00000A69-QINU`"'

Shentong
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Shentong
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
redirects to: Key Terms/gzhan stong
wiki page sort key: Shentong

BuNayTopicTags
type: ObjectProperty
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Property-3ABuNayTopicTags
wiki namespace: 102
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wiki page sort key: BuNayTopicTags
type: wpg

REDI
type: DatatypeProperty
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Property-3A_REDI
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wiki page sort key: REDI