Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)."
Read more about Different Ways of Explaining the Meaning of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' by Karl Brunnhölzl. ::Explanations of Tathāgatagarbha in Indian Texts ::Tathāgatagarbha as the Emptiness That Is a Nonimplicative Negation ::Tathāgatagarbha as Mind’s Luminous Nature ::Tathāgatagarbha as the Ālaya-Consciousness ::Tathāgatagarbha as a Sentient Being ::Tathāgatagarbha as the Dharmakāya, Suchness, the Disposition, and Nonconceptuality ::Tibetan Assertions on Tathāgatagarbha
See page 897: In Sanskrit, variously translated as “womb of the tathāgatas,” “matrix of the tathāgatas,” “embryo of the tathāgatas,” “essence of the tathāgatas”; the term probably means “containing a tathāgatha.” It is more imprecisely interpreted as the “buddha-nature,” viz., the potential to achieve buddhahood that, according to some Mahāyāna schools, is inherent in all sentient beings.
[1370] sems can thams cad kyi rgyud la ye nas gnas pa'i gzhi rgyud bde bar gshegs pa'i snying po ngo bo stong pa rang bzhin gsal ba thugs rje kun khyab kyi bdag nyid can...
"Buddha nature" is an English translation not of Tathāgatagarbha but of buddhadhātu, as well as of buddatā, tathatā, prakṛtivyadadāna, and other possible Sanskrit originals.
“As for the meaning of the Sanskrit compound tathāgatagarbha, its first part (tathā) can be taken as either the adverb “thus” or the noun “thusness/suchness” (as a term for ultimate reality; many texts, among them the Uttaratantra, gloss tathāgatagarbha as “suchness”). The second part can be read either as gata (“gone”), or āgata (“come, arrived”; the Tibetan gshegs pa can mean both). However, in the term tathāgata, both meanings more or less come down to the same. Thus, the main difference lies in whether one understands a tathāgata as (a) a “thus-gone/thus-come one” or (b) “one gone/ come to thusness,” with the former emphasizing the aspect of the path and the latter the result. The final part of the compound—garbha—literally and originally means “embryo,” “germ,” “womb,” “the interior or middle of anything,” “any interior chamber or sanctuary of a temple,” “calyx” (as of a lotus), “having in the interior,” “containing,” or “being filled with.” At some point, the term also assumed the meanings of “core,” “heart,” “pith,” and “essence” (which is also the meaning of its usual Tibetan translation snying po).” - Karl Brunnhölzl, ''When the Clouds Part'' '''ZIMMERMAN on Tathāgatagarbha''' An interpretation of the meaning of the term tathāgatagarbha must, as a matter of course, start from the context in the TGS in which it originates. 52 The context is that of the withered lotuses with beautiful tathligatas sitting in the center of their calyxes (padmagarbha). In the same way that full-fledged tathāgatas sit in the flowers, so also, according to the siitra, are buddhas contained in living beings. 53 If living beings are said to contain a tathāgata, they should function as receptacles, and the compound tathāgatagarbha must accordingly be understood either as a bahuvrīhi in the sense of "containing a tathāgata" or as a tatpuruṣa meaning "store of a tathāgata." However, in order to reach an adequate interpretation of the compound, I need to preface some remarks on the term garbha, and then give an overview of the range of possible interpretations of the whole compound, in part offered by the texts which succeeded the TGS. 54 Concerning the term garbha, the ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen'' 55 provides us only with the two meanings "Mutterleib; Leibesfrucht, Embryo, Neugeborenes." It seems, however, that, starting from this biological background, garbha took on other, less specific senses, such as "the inside, middle, interior of anything, calyx (as of a lotus), ... any interior chamber, adytum or sanctuary of a temple &c." (MW), or, as Hara has shown for epic literature, "germ, seed, infant, child" and, by analogy with the vocable putra as the last member of a compound, even simply "member (of a family lineage)."56 Also familiar is the function of -garbha at the end of a bahuvrīhi compound, indicating that the prior member(s) of the compound is/are contained in the subject the compound refers to.57 Especially in the last case it is difficult to judge how far a biological, embryonic shade of meaning was still felt, that is, to what degree -garbha had become a purely grammatical unit used at the time our siitra came into existence to express a relation of inclusion void of any strong lexical connotations. However, the original embryo-related meaning of garbha did not completely fade out in later centuries; indeed garbha even became associated with the semantic field of "offspring." This suggests that the grammatical application of -garbha never became totally free of the underlying idea of an embryo still in need of development in a nurturing, womb-like container, if the context in question was susceptible of such a nuance. (Source: Michael Zimmerman, ''A Buddha Within'', 2002, pages 40–41).
Son of good family, the True Nature (dharmatā) of the dharmas is this: whether or not tathāgatas appear in the world, all these sentient beings contain at all times a tathāgata.
''Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā'' 73.11-12. As translated in Zimmerman, ''A Buddha Within'', 2002, p 40.
Buddha-dhatu “The inherent potential of all sentient beings to achieve buddhahood.” - Princeton Dictionary, p. 151 Ch: 如来藏 J: busshō
དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་
Zimmerman, ''A Buddha Within'', 2002, p 40: '''Sanskrit:''' eṣā kulaputra dharmāṇāṁ dharmatā / utpādād vā tathāgatānām anutpādād vā sadaivaite sattvās tathāgatagarbhā iti / (''Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā'' 73.11-12) '''Tibetan:''' རིགས་ཀྱི་བུ་དག་འདི་ནི་ཆོས་རྣམས་ཀྱི་ཆོས་ཉིད་དེ། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པ་རྣམས་བྱུང་ཡང་རུང་མ་བྱུང་ཡང་རུང་། སེམས་ཅན་འདི་དག་ནི་རྟག་ཏུ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཡིན་ '''English:''' Son of good family, the True Nature (dharmatā) of the dharmas is this: whether or not tathāgatas appear in the world, all these sentient beings contain at all times a tathāgata.
tathāgatagarbha;tathāgatagarbha;tathāgatagarbha;de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po; དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་; tathāgatagarbha; तथागतगर्भ; 如来藏; rúláizàng; ju lai tsang;
tathāgatagarbha - Buddha-nature, literally the "womb/essence of those who have gone (to suchness)." Skt. तथागतगर्भ Tib. དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ Ch. 如来藏
Key Terms/tathāgatagarbha
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The Buddhist Notion of an 'Immanent Absolute' (tathāgatagarbha) as a Problem in Hermeneutics
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The Challenge of Tathāgatagarbha Tradition to Contemporary Political-Economic Discourse
Articles/The Concept of Tathāgatagarbha in the Śrīmālādevī Sūtra (Sheng-Man Ching)
The Concept of Tathāgatagarbha in the Śrīmālādevī Sūtra (Sheng-Man Ching)
Articles/The Concept of the "Innate Purity of the Mind" in the Agamas and the Nikayas
The Concept of the "Innate Purity of the Mind" in the Agamas and the Nikayas
Articles/The Doctrinal Transformation of Twentieth-Century Chinese Buddhism: Master Yinshun's Interpretation of the Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine
The Doctrinal Transformation of Twentieth-Century Chinese Buddhism: Master Yinshun's Interpretation of the Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine
Articles/The Doctrine of Buddha Nature in Chinese Buddhism—Hui-K'ai on Paramārtha
The Doctrine of Buddha Nature in Chinese Buddhism—Hui-K'ai on Paramārtha
Articles/The Doctrine of Buddha-Nature in Mahāyāna Buddhism
The Doctrine of Buddha-Nature in Mahāyāna Buddhism
Articles/The Eighth Karmapa Mi bskyod rdo rje (1507-1554) on the Relation between Buddha Nature and Its Adventitious Stains
The Eighth Karmapa Mi bskyod rdo rje (1507-1554) on the Relation between Buddha Nature and Its Adventitious Stains
Articles/The Gotra, Ekayāna and Tathāgatagarbha Theories of the Prajñāpāramitā according to Dharmamitra and Abhayākaragupta
The Gotra, Ekayāna and Tathāgatagarbha Theories of the Prajñāpāramitā according to Dharmamitra and Abhayākaragupta
Articles/The Idea of Dhātu-vāda in Yogācāra and Tathāgata-garbha Texts
The Idea of Dhātu-vāda in Yogācāra and Tathāgata-garbha Texts
Media/The Ideology of Tathagatagarbha by Khenpo Sodargye
The Ideology of Tathagatagarbha by Khenpo Sodargye
Books/The Liberation of Matter: Examining Jingxi Zhanran’s Philosophy of the Buddha-Nature of Insentient Beings in Tiantai Buddhism
The Liberation of Matter: Examining Jingxi Zhanran’s Philosophy of the Buddha-Nature of Insentient Beings in Tiantai Buddhism
Books/The Lion's Roar of the Ultimate Non-Dual Buddha Nature
The Lion's Roar of the Ultimate Non-Dual Buddha Nature
Books/The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
Articles/The Mahāparinirvāṇa-Mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine-Review by Lee
The Mahāparinirvāṇa-Mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine-Review by Lee
Articles/The Mahāsāṃghika and the Tathāgatagarbha (Buddhist Doctrinal History, Study 1)
The Mahāsāṃghika and the Tathāgatagarbha (Buddhist Doctrinal History, Study 1)
Books/The Nonduality of Nonconceptual Wisdom and Conceptual Cognition: A Study of the Tathāgatagarbha Teaching in the Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśa-parivarta
The Nonduality of Nonconceptual Wisdom and Conceptual Cognition: A Study of the Tathāgatagarbha Teaching in the Anūnatvāpūrṇatvanirdeśa-parivarta
Articles/The Original Ratnagotravibhāga and Its Yogāçāra Interpretation as Possible Indian Precedents of Gzhan stong ("Empti-ness of Other")
The Original Ratnagotravibhāga and Its Yogāçāra Interpretation as Possible Indian Precedents of Gzhan stong ("Empti-ness of Other")
Books/The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra
The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra
Books/The Religions of Tibet (1980, Routledge)
The Religions of Tibet (1980, Routledge)
Articles/The Role of Rang Rig in the Pramāṇa-Based Gzhan Stong of the Seventh Karma pa
The Role of Rang Rig in the Pramāṇa-Based Gzhan Stong of the Seventh Karma pa
Articles/The Sentient Reflexivity of Buddha Nature
The Sentient Reflexivity of Buddha Nature
Media/The Shentong Interpretation of Tathagatagarbha Doctrine
The Shentong Interpretation of Tathagatagarbha Doctrine
Articles/The Significance of 'Tathagatagarbha': A Positive Expression of 'Sunyata'
The Significance of 'Tathagatagarbha': A Positive Expression of 'Sunyata'
Articles/The Soul of Chinese Buddhism: Buddha-Nature and Universal Awakening; The Rise of Chinese Buddhist Humanism
The Soul of Chinese Buddhism: Buddha-Nature and Universal Awakening; The Rise of Chinese Buddhist Humanism
Articles/The Structure of the Soteriology of Tathāgatagarbha Thought as Seen from the Perspective of Different Modes of Discourse: A Response to Critical Buddhism
The Structure of the Soteriology of Tathāgatagarbha Thought as Seen from the Perspective of Different Modes of Discourse: A Response to Critical Buddhism
Articles/The Sutra on the Wisdom Stored in the Ocean of Buddha-Nature
The Sutra on the Wisdom Stored in the Ocean of Buddha-Nature
Articles/The Tathāgata-Garbha as the Fundamental Subject of the Four Satyas
The Tathāgata-Garbha as the Fundamental Subject of the Four Satyas
Articles/The Tathāgatagarbha Theory Reconsidered: Reflections on Some Recent Issues in Japanese Buddhist Studies
The Tathāgatagarbha Theory Reconsidered: Reflections on Some Recent Issues in Japanese Buddhist Studies
Articles/The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra
The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra
Books/The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Śrīmālāsūtra (Sun 2022)
The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Śrīmālāsūtra (Sun 2022)
Articles/The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra: Its Basic Structure and Relation to the Lotus Sūtra
The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra: Its Basic Structure and Relation to the Lotus Sūtra
Books/The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata: Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśa (Burchardi, A.)
The Teaching on the Great Compassion of the Tathāgata: Tathāgatamahākaruṇānirdeśa (Burchardi, A.)
Media/The Three Nature (Trisvabhāva) Theory in the Yogācāra Texts of the Five Maitreya Works
The Three Nature (Trisvabhāva) Theory in the Yogācāra Texts of the Five Maitreya Works
Articles/The Womb of the Tathāgata or Buddhist Monism
The Womb of the Tathāgata or Buddhist Monism
Books/The Zen Master Dōgen’s Understanding of the Buddha-Nature in Light of the Historical Development of the Buddha-Nature Concept in India, China, and Japan
The Zen Master Dōgen’s Understanding of the Buddha-Nature in Light of the Historical Development of the Buddha-Nature Concept in India, China, and Japan
Books/Thought of Buddha Nature as Depicted in the Laṅkāvatārasūtra
Thought of Buddha Nature as Depicted in the Laṅkāvatārasūtra
Books/Toward a New Paradigm of East Asian Yogācāra Buddhism: Taehyŏn (ca. 8th Century CE), a Korean Yogācāra Monk, and His Predecessors
Toward a New Paradigm of East Asian Yogācāra Buddhism: Taehyŏn (ca. 8th Century CE), a Korean Yogācāra Monk, and His Predecessors
Articles/Towards an Understanding of Tathāgatagarbha Interpretation in Tibet with Special Reference to the Ratnagotravibhāga
Towards an Understanding of Tathāgatagarbha Interpretation in Tibet with Special Reference to the Ratnagotravibhāga
Books/Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith
Books/Tsung-mi and the Sinification of Buddhism
Tsung-mi and the Sinification of Buddhism
Articles/Two Short Glosses on Yogācāra Texts by Vairocanarakṣita
Two Short Glosses on Yogācāra Texts by Vairocanarakṣita
Books/What is Tathāgatagarbha: Buddha-Nature or Buddha Within?
What is Tathāgatagarbha: Buddha-Nature or Buddha Within?
Articles/Wszechprzenikliwa podstawa oświecenia, czyli o formowaniu się koncepcji tathagatagarbhy
Wszechprzenikliwa podstawa oświecenia, czyli o formowaniu się koncepcji tathagatagarbhy
Media/Yaroslav Komarovski: On Shakya Chokden's Terminology in Articulating the Buddha-Nature
Yaroslav Komarovski: On Shakya Chokden's Terminology in Articulating the Buddha-Nature
Media/Yaroslav Komarovski: On the Various Types of Tathagatagarbha in Shakya Chokden's Writings
Yaroslav Komarovski: On the Various Types of Tathagatagarbha in Shakya Chokden's Writings
Media/Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages
Yaroslav Komarovski: Shakya Chokden on Tathāgatagarbha in the Tantric Practice of the Two Stages
Books/Yogâcāra Buddhism Transmitted or Transformed? Paramārtha (499–569) and His Chinese Interpreters
Yogâcāra Buddhism Transmitted or Transformed? Paramārtha (499–569) and His Chinese Interpreters