Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra
type: Ontology
creation date: 2025-12-24T00:25:38-05:00
imports: http://semantic-mediawiki.org/swivt/1.0

Texts/Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra
type: Subject
type: Category:Pages using Tabber parser tag
type: Category:Library Items
type: Category:Source Texts
type: Category:Level
type: Category:Kangyur · Sūtra · mdo sde · Sūtranta
type: Category:Sanskrit Original Work
type: Category:Sūtras - mdo
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Texts/Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra
wiki namespace: 0
wiki page content language: en
acip link: https://tibetan.works/etext/reader.php
adarsha link: https://online.adarshah.org/index.html
alt titles raw: ārya-mahāparinirvāṇa-nāma-mahāyāna-sūtra
alttitles: ārya-mahāparinirvāṇa-nāma-mahāyāna-sūtra
author raw: ;
bu nay interactive: false
bu nay page type: Sanskrit Text
bu nay relevance: According to Karl Brunnhölzl, "This sūtra’s presentation of buddha nature became the main scriptural basis for the discussion of tathāgatagarbha in China." Furthermore, he states, "In sum, the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' discusses three very different meanings of all sentient beings’ possessing buddha nature—(1) all are endowed with an intrinsic pure nature of which they will become fully aware once what obscures it has been removed, (2) all possess a seed or potential for buddhahood, which will grow into its full fruition in the future once all necessary conditions are present, and (3) the mahāyāna path to buddhahood is open for all, and its result is definite if one follows this path."
bu nay title: Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra
canonical: true
canonical genre revised: Kangyur · Sūtra · mdo sde · Sūtranta
canonrefnum: 119,120,121
cbeta link: https://cbetaonline.dila.edu.tw/en/T0374,https://cbetaonline.dila.edu.tw/en/T0375,https://cbetaonline.dila.edu.tw/en/T0376
classification: Classical Works
columbiabcrd: http://databases.aibs.columbia.edu/index.php
commentary: false
description: There are three translations in the Tibetan canon under this name: #Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra (RKTSK 119) #Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra (RKTSK 120) #Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra (RKTSK 121) The ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' is one of the main scriptural sources for buddha-nature in China and Tibet. Set around the time of Buddha's passing or ''Mahāparinirvāṇa'', the sūtra contains teachings on buddha-nature equating it with the ''dharmakāya''—that is, the complete enlightenment of a buddha. It also asserts that all sentient beings possess this nature as the ''buddhadhātu'', or buddha-element, which thus acts as a cause, seed, or potential for all beings to attain enlightenment. Furthermore, the sūtra includes some salient features related to this concept, such as the single vehicle and the notion that the ''dharmakāya'' is endowed with the four ''pāramitās'' of permanence, bliss, purity, and a self. It may be noted that there are three different texts with similar titles in the Chinese and Tibetan canons. Of the three Tibetan texts with ''Mahāparinirvāṇa'' in their title, a short one (Derge Kangyur, No. 121) called ''Āryamahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' contains prophecies of events in the centuries after the Buddha's ''Mahāparinirvāṇa'' but has nothing on buddha-nature. Thus, this is not the ''Mahāparinirvāṇāsūtra'' which is considered as a Tathāgatagarbhasūtra. The two which deal with buddha-nature are Mahāyānasūtras and contain detailed accounts of the final teachings of the Buddha. The first sūtra, the longer one covering two volumes of Derge Kangyur (mdo sde Nya and Ta) is a translation from Chinese, while the second one is a translation from Sanskrit. They appear to be two different recensions of the same original sūtra as they have similar titles and overlapping content. However, the one translated from Chinese is much longer and also contains information on the events after the Buddha entered ''Mahāparinirvāṇa''.
drltranspages: The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana-sutra (3 vols.),Die Überlieferung vom Lebensende des Buddha - Vol. 1 (Waldschmidt 1944),Die Überlieferung vom Lebensende des Buddha (Waldschmidt 1948)
dsbc link: http://www.dsbcproject.org/canon-text/content/48/444
eighty four: toh121.html
fulltitle: 'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po theg pa chen po'i mdo; 'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo chen po; 'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo
fulltitlechn: 大般泥洹經
fulltitledev: महापरिनिर्वाणसूत्र
fulltitlepinyin: Dabannihuan jing
fulltitleskt: Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra
fulltitletib: འཕགས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
fulltitletrans: Great Nirvāṇa Mahāyāna Sūtra
invisible filter content: Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra;Buddhabhadra; Devacandra;Gewai Lodrö;དགེ་བའི་བློ་གྲོས;dge ba'i blo gros;Dharmakṣema;Wangpabzhun;ཝང་ཕབ་ཞུན;Wang phab zhun;Gyatso De;རྒྱ་མཚོའི་སྡེ;rgya mtsho'i sde;Jinamitra;ཇིནམིཏྲ;slob dpon dzi na mi tra;Jñānagarbha;rgya gar gyi mkhan po dznyA na garbha;Kamalagupta;Faxian;Fa-Hien;Fa-hsien;Xie Lingyun;Huiyan;Hui-yen;Huiguan;Hui-kuan;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po theg pa chen po'i mdo;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo chen po;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo;འཕགས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།;Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra;大般泥洹經;महापरिनिर्वाणसूत्र;འཕགས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
language: Sanskrit
language available: Tibetan,Chinese
page tile photo: Sutra.jpg
pages scholarship: Books/Mahāparinirvāṇa-mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine
people: Buddhabhadra
people: Devacandra
people: Dge ba'i blo gros
people: Dharmakṣema
people: Wang phab zhun
people: Rgya mtsho'i sde
people: Jinamitra
people: Jñānagarbha
people: Kamalagupta
people: Faxian
people: Xie Lingyun
people: Huiyan
people: Huiguan
popup summary: "This sūtra became an important scriptural source for the discussion of buddha-nature in China and is famous for associating the term buddhadhātu with tathāgatagarbha.
pos all buddha: Qualified Yes
pos all buddha note: In sum, the ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' discusses three very different meanings of all sentient beings’ possessing buddha nature—(1) all are endowed with an intrinsic pure nature of which they will become fully aware once what obscures it has been removed, (2) all possess a seed or potential for buddhahood, which will grow into its full fruition in the future once all necessary conditions are present, and (3) the mahāyāna path to buddhahood is open for all, and its result is definite if one follows this path....The sūtra even says that if one regards the expression "possessing buddha nature" to mean "possessing it at present," it must then be said that sentient beings do not possess buddha nature. - ''When the Clouds Part''
pos empty lumin: Tathāgatagarbha as the Resultant State of Buddhahood
pos vehicles: 1
relatedpagesnotes: * Beal, Samuel. "The Four Truths." In ''A Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese'', 160–88 London: Trübner, 1871. https://archive.org/details/buddhistscriptur00bealuoft/page/n179/mode/2up. * Thomas, Frederick William, ed. and trans. "Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra". In ''Manuscript Remains of Buddhist Literature Found in Eastern Turkestan'', edited by A. F. Rudolf Hoernle et al., 93–97. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1916. https://archive.org/details/cu31924023185584/page/92/mode/2up. * Yuyama, Akira. ''Sanskrit Fragments of the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra''. Vol. 1, ''Koyasan Manuscript''. Studia Philologica Buddhica Occasional Paper Series 4. Tokyo: Reiyukai Library, 1981. * Hodge, Stephen. "The Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra: The Text and Its Transmission." Corrected and revised version of a paper presented in July 2010 at the Second International Workshop on the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra held at Munich University, 2012. https://www.buddhismuskunde.uni-hamburg.de/pdf/5-personen/hodge/the-textual-transmisssion-of-the-mpns.pdf * Page, Tony. "Textual History of the Mahāyāna-Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra by Stephen Hodge." Nirvana Sutra: Appreciation of the "Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra." Updated August 2019. http://www.nirvanasutra.net/historicalbackground.htm. * Hodge, Stephen. "On the Eschatology of the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra and Related Matters." Lecture delivered on the Tibetan version of the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra at the University of London, SOAS, Spring 2006. http://www.shabkar.org/download/pdf/On_the_Eschatology_of_the_Mahaparinirvana_Sutra_and_Related_Matters.pdf * Page, Tony. "Stephen Hodge Translates (The Mahāyāna Mahāparnirvāṇa-Sūtra)." Nirvana Sutra: Appreciation of the "Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra." Updated August 2019. http://www.nirvanasutra.net/stephenhodgetranslates.htm.
sat link: https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT2012/T0374.html,https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT2012/T0375.html,https://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/SAT2012/T0376.html
scholarlynotes: The (Mahāyāna) ''Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra'' (The Great Scripture of the Great, Perfect Nirvāṇa) must be distinguished from the almost identically entitled “mainstream” ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' (Pal. ''Mahāparinibbānasutta''). Study of Sanskrit fragments shows that the correct title of the text is ''Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra'' (Habata, 2007, xliii–xliv), although it is obvious that the authors of this text were fully aware of the earlier scripture of (almost) the same title and purposely referred to it. The ''Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra'' survives in four main independent versions: :1. 35 identified Central Asian Sanskrit fragments (Habata, 2007, xxvi, xxxi); :2. the ''Dabannihuan jing'' (大般泥洹經; T. 376), translated circa 416–418 ce by Buddhabhadra and Faxian (法顯; 320?–420? ce); :3. the ''Dabanniepan jing'' (大般涅槃經; T. 374), translated circa 421–432 ce by *Dharmakṣema (曇無讖; 385–433 ce); and :4. the ''Yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i theg pa chen po'i mdo'' (D 120/Q 788), translated by Jinamitra, Jñānagarbha, and Devacandra (9th cent. ce). Dharmakṣema’s version of the ''Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra'' is four times as long as all the other independent versions. Two additional versions are based in turn on Dharmakṣema’s ''Dabanniepan jing''. The ''Dabanniepan jing'' (大般涅槃經 T. 375), by Zhiyan 慧嚴 et al., is not an independent translation at all but a revision of Dharmakṣema’s text. D 119/Q 787 is a Tibetan translation from Dharmakṣema’s Chinese version. H. Habata (2007) has collected, edited, and studied the Sanskrit fragments, and critically edited the Tibetan translation (2013); a second volume of Sanskrit fragments is forthcoming. The first English translation by K. Yamamoto (1973–1975) – rough, sometimes incomprehensible, and often inaccurate – is presented as a translation of Dharmakṣema’s text (T. 374), but it was actually produced from Shimaji’s Kokuyaku issaikyō translation of T. 375, itself a mere recasting of the Chinese text in Japanese grammatical order (see Yuya…
skt reconstructed: false
subclass: Sanskrit Original Work
tbrclink: WA0RK0121
tee num: 374375376
text class: Sutra
tibetan description: འཕགས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ་འདི་ནི། ཐེག་པ་ཐུན་མོང་བའི་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པའི་མདོ་མིན་པར་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་དོན་དུ་མ་སྟོན་པའི་མདོ་ཆེ་བ་ཞིག་སྟེ། འདི་ཉིད་རྒྱ་ནག་སྐད་དུ་འགྱུར་ནས་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་བསྟན་པའི་མདོ་གལ་ཅན་ཞིག་ཏུ་བཟུང་བ་དང་། བོད་སྐད་དུ་རྒྱ་གར་དང་རྒྱ་ནག་གི་སྐད་གཉིས་ཀ་ནས་འགྱུར་ཡོད་ཅིང་། དེའི་བསྟན་དོན་སངས་རྒྱས་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་ཉེ་བ་ན། འགྲོ་བ་མང་དུ་འཛོམས་ནས་མཆོད་པ་ཕུལ་ཡང་ཐུབ་པས་དགེ་བསྙེན་ཅུན་དའི་མཆོད་པ་བཞེས་ནས། སློབ་ཚོགས་ལ་ཆོས་གསུངས་པ་སྟེ། ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྣམ་གཞག་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཁམས་དང་། ཆོས་ཀྱི་སྐུ་རྟག་བདེ་གཙང་བདག་གི་རང་བཞིན་ཡིན་པ་དང་། བདག་མེད་པ་དང་བདག་ཡོད་པར་སྟོན་པའི་དོན་དང་། དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་ཁམས་དེ་གློ་བུར་གྱི་སྒྲིབ་མས་བསྒྲིབས་ནས་ཡོད་པ་དང་། ཡོན་ཏན་རྣམས་རང་ཆས་སུ་མེད་པ་དང་། སེམས་ཅན་ཐམས་ཅད་སངས་རྒྱས་བསྒྲུབ་ནུས་པ་སོགས་བསྟན་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན།
tibetan title: འཕགས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
tibgenre: Sūtras - mdo
tile description: There are three translations in the Tibetan canon under this name: #Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra (RKTSK 119) #Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra (RKTSK 120) #Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra (RKTSK 121) The ''Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' is one of the main scriptural sources for buddha-nature in China and Tibet. Set around the time of Buddha's passing or ''Mahāparinirvāṇa'', the sūtra contains teachings on buddha-nature equating it with the ''dharmakāya''—that is, the complete enlightenment of a buddha. It also asserts that all sentient beings possess this nature as the ''buddhadhātu'', or buddha-element, which thus acts as a cause, seed, or potential for all beings to attain enlightenment. Furthermore, the sūtra includes some salient features related to this concept, such as the single vehicle and the notion that the ''dharmakāya'' is endowed with the four ''pāramitās'' of permanence, bliss, purity, and a self. It may be noted that there are three different texts with similar titles in the Chinese and Tibetan canons. Of the three Tibetan texts with ''Mahāparinirvāṇa'' in their title, a short one (Derge Kangyur, No. 121) called ''Āryamahāparinirvāṇasūtra'' contains prophecies of events in the centuries after the Buddha's ''Mahāparinirvāṇa'' but has nothing on buddha-nature. Thus, this is not the ''Mahāparinirvāṇāsūtra'' which is considered as a Tathāgatagarbhasūtra. The two which deal with buddha-nature are Mahāyānasūtras and contain detailed accounts of the final teachings of the Buddha. The first sūtra, the longer one covering two volumes of Derge Kangyur (mdo sde Nya and Ta) is a translation from Chinese, while the second one is a translation from Sanskrit. They appear to be two different recensions of the same original sūtra as they have similar titles and overlapping content. However, the one translated from Chinese is much longer and also contains information on the events after the Buddha entered ''Mahāparinirvāṇa''.
titles: ārya-mahāparinirvāṇa-nāma-mahāyāna-sūtra;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po theg pa chen po'i mdo;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo chen po;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo;大般泥洹經;Dabannihuan jing;महापरिनिर्वाणसूत्र;Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra;འཕགས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།;Texts/Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra
translator: Jñānagarbha,Dharmakṣema,Faxian,Jinamitra,Dge ba'i blo gros,Buddhabhadra,Wang phab zhun,Devacandra,Rgya mtsho'i sde,Kamalagupta,Xie Lingyun,Huiyan,Huiguan
translator raw: Buddhabhadra; Devacandra; Dge ba'i blo gros; Dharmakṣema; Wang phab zhun; Rgya mtsho'i sde; Jinamitra; Jñānagarbha; Kamalagupta; Faxian; Xie Lingyun; Huiyan; Huiguan
values to redirect: Mahāparinirvāṇasūtra;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po theg pa chen po'i mdo;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo chen po;'phags pa yongs su mya ngan las 'das pa chen po'i mdo;大般泥洹經;महापरिनिर्वाणसूत्र;འཕགས་པ་ཡོངས་སུ་མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ་ཆེན་པོ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
whichcanon: Kangyur
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Articles/Nehangyō kyōtengun ni okeru kū to jitsuzai
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Books/Nirvana Sutra (Yamamoto)
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Articles/On the Eschatology of the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra and Related Matters
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Media/On the Roots of Tathāgatagarbha and His Position on the Concept by Venerable Dhammadipa
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Articles/Reading the Writing on the Wall: "Sengchou's" Cave at Xiaonanhai, Early Chinese Buddhist Meditation, and Unique Portions of *Dharmakṣema's Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra
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Articles/Reconsidering the "Essence" of Indian Buddha-Nature Literature
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Media/Rev. Kokyo Henkel: Sources of Buddha-Nature Teachings in the Zen Tradition
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Media/Shadows of a Former Self: The "True Self" Taught by the Tathāgatagarbha Literature
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wiki page sort key: Shadows of a Former Self: The "True Self" Taught by the Tathāgatagarbha Literature
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Articles/Stephen Hodge Translates (The Mahāyāna Mahāparnirvāṇa-Sūtra)
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Articles/T'ien-t'ai Chih'i's Concept of Threefold Buddha Nature-A Synergy of Reality, Wisdom, and Practice
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/T-27ien-2Dt-27ai_Chih-27i-27s_Concept_of_Threefold_Buddha_Nature-2DA_Synergy_of_Reality-2C_Wisdom-2C_and_Practice
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Articles/Tathāgatagarbaḥ Sarvasattvānāṃ: A Hypothetical Interpretation of a Declarative Formula in the Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra
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Articles/Tathāgatagarbha Scriptures
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Articles/Tathāgatagarbha and Ātman: Self Where There Is No-Self
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Articles/Teachings on Not-Self and True Self in the Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra by Kokyo Henkel
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Articles/Textual History of the Mahāyāna-Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra by Stephen Hodge
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/Textual_History_of_the_Mahāyāna-2DMahāparinirvāṇa-2DSūtra_by_Stephen_Hodge
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Articles/The Doctrine of the Buddha-Nature in the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra
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Articles/The Impact of the Nirvana Sutra in China
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Books/The Liberation of Matter: Examining Jingxi Zhanran’s Philosophy of the Buddha-Nature of Insentient Beings in Tiantai Buddhism
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Books/The_Liberation_of_Matter-3A_Examining_Jingxi_Zhanran’s_Philosophy_of_the_Buddha-2DNature_of_Insentient_Beings_in_Tiantai_Buddhism
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wiki page sort key: The Liberation of Matter: Examining Jingxi Zhanran’s Philosophy of the Buddha-Nature of Insentient Beings in Tiantai Buddhism

Books/The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra
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Articles/The Mahāparinirvāṇa-Mahāsūtra and the Emergence of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine-Review by Lee
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/The_Mahāparinirvāṇa-2DMahāsūtra_and_the_Emergence_of_Tathāgatagarbha_Doctrine-2DReview_by_Lee
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Articles/The Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra and Its Earliest Interpreters in China: Two Prefaces by Tao-lang and Tao-sheng
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/The_Mahāparinirvāṇa-2DSūtra_and_Its_Earliest_Interpreters_in_China-3A_Two_Prefaces_by_Tao-2Dlang_and_Tao-2Dsheng
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wiki page sort key: The Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra and Its Earliest Interpreters in China: Two Prefaces by Tao-lang and Tao-sheng

Articles/The Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa-Sūtra: The Text and Its Transmission
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Books/The Nirvana Sutra Volume I
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Articles/The Problem of the Icchantika in the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvaṇa Sūtra
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/The_Problem_of_the_Icchantika_in_the_Mahāyāna_Mahāparinirvaṇa_Sūtra
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wiki page sort key: The Problem of the Icchantika in the Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvaṇa Sūtra

Articles/The Soul of Chinese Buddhism: Buddha-Nature and Universal Awakening; The Rise of Chinese Buddhist Humanism
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/The_Soul_of_Chinese_Buddhism-3A_Buddha-2DNature_and_Universal_Awakening-3B_The_Rise_of_Chinese_Buddhist_Humanism
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wiki page sort key: The Soul of Chinese Buddhism: Buddha-Nature and Universal Awakening; The Rise of Chinese Buddhist Humanism

Articles/The Sutra on the Wisdom Stored in the Ocean of Buddha-Nature
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Articles/The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Articles/The_Tathāgatagarbha_Theory_in_the_Mahāparinirvāṇa-2Dsūtra
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wiki page sort key: The Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra

Books/The Zen Master Dōgen’s Understanding of the Buddha-Nature in Light of the Historical Development of the Buddha-Nature Concept in India, China, and Japan
type: Subject
page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Books/The_Zen_Master_Dōgen’s_Understanding_of_the_Buddha-2DNature_in_Light_of_the_Historical_Development_of_the_Buddha-2DNature_Concept_in_India-2C_China-2C_a…
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wiki page sort key: The Zen Master Dōgen’s Understanding of the Buddha-Nature in Light of the Historical Development of the Buddha-Nature Concept in India, China, and Japan

Books/Thought of Buddha Nature as Depicted in the Laṅkāvatārasūtra
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Articles/Who Were the Icchantikas?
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Articles/Wǒnhyo's Conception of Buddha-Nature in the Thematic Essential of the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra
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Media/David Germano: On the Aesthetics of Dzogchen and the Vajra as a Metaphor for Buddha-Nature
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Media/David_Germano-3A_On_the_Aesthetics_of_Dzogchen_and_the_Vajra_as_a_Metaphor_for_Buddha-2DNature
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wiki page sort key: David Germano: On the Aesthetics of Dzogchen and the Vajra as a Metaphor for Buddha-Nature

Media/David Higgins at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Media/Kazuo Kano at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Media/Kazuo_Kano_at_the_2019_Tathāgatagarbha_Symposium
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Media/Michael Sheehy at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Media/Rev. Kokyo Henkel: On the Various Early Influences on the Formation of the Zen Tradition
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page: https://buddhanature.tsadra.org/index.php/Media/Rev._Kokyo_Henkel-3A_On_the_Various_Early_Influences_on_the_Formation_of_the_Zen_Tradition
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Media/Sina Joos at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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