ārya-tathāgatagarbha-nāma-mahāyāna-sūtra; Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
ārya-tathāgatagarbha-nāma-mahāyāna-sūtra,Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra
An important sūtra source for the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'', particularly for its discussion of the nine examples that illustrate how all sentient beings possess buddha-nature.
The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' (TGS) is a relatively short text that represents the starting point of a number of works in Indian Mahāyāna Buddhism centering around the idea that all living beings have the buddha-nature. The genesis of the term ''tathāgatagarbha'' (in Tibetan ''de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po'', in Chinese ''rulai zang'' 如來藏, the key term of this strand of Buddhism and the title of the sūtra), can be observed in the textual history of the TGS. (Zimmermann, ''A Buddha Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'', p. 7)
'phags pa de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo
འཕགས་པ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
The Sūtra on the Tathāgata Essence (84000)
Tathāgatagarbhasūtra;Amoghavajra; Buddhabhadra;Śākyaprabha;ཤཱཀྱ་འོད་;shAkya 'Od;Yeshe De;ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ་;ye shes sde;sna nam ye shes sde;zhang ban+de ye shes sde;སྣ་ནམ་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ་;ཞང་བནྡེ་ཡེ་ཤེས་སྡེ་;'phags pa de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo;འཕགས་པ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།;Tathāgatagarbhasūtra;大方廣如來藏經;तथागतगर्भसूत्र
The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' (Scripture on the Embryo of the Tathāgatas) is a relatively short text, extant in four versions – two Chinese and two Tibetan: :1. the ''Dafangdeng rulaizang jing'' (大方等如來藏 經; T. 666), ascribed to Buddhabhadra (佛陀跋 陀羅; 359–429 ce); :2. the ''Dafangguang rulaizang jing'' (大方廣如來 藏經; T. 667), ascribed to Amoghavajra (不空; 705–774 ce); :3. the ''De bzhin gshegs pa’i snying po’i mdo'' (D 258/Q 924); and :4. a second Tibetan translation'', ’Phags pa de bzhin gshegs pa’i snying po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po’i mdo'', known so far only from the Bathang Kanjur kept in the Newark Museum (Zimmermann, 2002). Two other Chinese translations that may have existed are no longer extant (Zimmermann, 2002, 69–75). Portions of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' are cited in the above-mentioned ''Ratnagotravibhāg'', the only known Sanskrit text to preserve such citations, and several key formulations in the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' clearly derive from the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra''. In particular, the nine similes at the core of the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' comprise the skeleton of portions of both the ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and its commentary, the ''Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā'' (see below). The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' has been translated into English, with extensive annotations, by M. Zimmermann (2002) and earlier (from Chinese) by W. Grosnick (1995). Important studies include those by Takasaki Jikidō (1974, 40–68), Matsumoto Shirō (1994, 411–543), and Nakamura Zuiryū (1963). The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' has long been regarded as the first scripture to propound the ''tathāgatagarbha'' doctrine. However, it is striking that the actual term “tathāgatagarbha” is not central to the text but rather appears only in introductory sections, which M. Zimmermann argues were later additions (2002, 29–32, 39–40). Instead (or in addition), the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' refers to the hidden potential for buddhahood by means of a wide variety of terms, most prominent among which are ''*tathāgatatva, *buddhatva, *tathāgatakāya'' (and other terms denoting special Buddha bodies, in contrast to the ordinary bodies borne by unawakened sentient beings), and terms denoting types of ''jñāna'' (Zimmermann, 2002, 50–62). The ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' opens in Rājagṛha (present-day Rajgir) and describes a miraculous display by the Buddha of a myriad tathāgatas seated in the calyx of each of a copious array of gigantic lotuses floating in the sky, which then blacken and rot away. The body of the scripture follows, giving nine similes for the hidden potential of sentient beings to attain liberation. According to the similes, this hidden potential resembles the following: :1. brightly shining tathāgatas sitting inside withered, rotting lotus flowers; :2. honey inside a hive fiercely guarded by bees; :3. the kernel of a cereal grain, encased in the husk; :4. a gold nugget in a pile of excrement; :5. a hidden treasure buried beneath the house of a poor person; :6. the sprout inside a seed; :7. a statuary image of a tathāgata wrapped in rotten rags and dropped by the wayside in a dangerous wasteland; :8. the embryo of a ''cakravartin'' (universal monarch) carried in the womb of an unsuspecting and destitute mother; and :9. golden figures within the grubby clay molds that are used to cast them, before the mold is broken. The sūtra closes by describing the merit that accrues to one who propagates the text and deprecates the comparative value of the veneration of the buddhas. As an illustration of the power of the text, there follows a story of a past buddha, Sadāpramutkaraśmi, who always emitted a great and wondrous light from his body; he preached the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' at the request of the bodhisattva *Anantaraśmi, and countless bodhisattvas attained supreme and perfect awakening as a result. The Buddha’s disciple Ānanda then asks from how many buddhas one must hear the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'', in order to become perfected (''niryāta'') and is told that it varies from a hundred buddhas to a myriad. Brief sections then praise one who holds the ''Tathāgatagarbhasūtra'' in his or her hands, and onlookers delight and rejoice. (Source: Radich, Michael. "Tathāgatagarbha Scriptures." In Vol. 1, ''Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism: Literature and Languages'', edited by Jonathan A. Silk, Oskar von Hinüber, and Vincent Eltschinger, 261-62. Leiden: Brill, 2015.)
དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བའི་མདོ་ནི་བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོ་བསྟན་པའི་མདོ་གཙོ་བོ་ཞིག་སྟེ། སྟོན་པ་བཅོམ་ལྡན་འདས་ཀྱིས་བྱ་རྒོད་ཕུང་པོའི་རི་ལ་གསུངས་པར་གྲགས་པ་སྟེ། བསྟན་བཅོས་རྒྱུད་བླ་མའི་ནང་དུ་བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིང་པོའི་དཔེ་དགུ་གསུངས་ཡང་མདོ་འདིའི་ནང་དུ་རྒྱས་པར་བཤད་ཡོད་ཅིང་། ཞུ་བ་པོ་གཙོ་བོ་བྱང་ཆུབ་སེམས་དཔའ་རྡོ་རྗེ་བློ་གྲོས་ཡིན་ཅིང་། མདོ་འདི་རྒྱ་གར་ནས་རྒྱ་ནག་དང་བོད་སྐད་དུ་འགྱུར་ཡོད་པ་ཡིན།
ārya-tathāgatagarbha-nāma-mahāyāna-sūtra;Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra;'phags pa de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo;大方廣如來藏經;Dà fāng děng rú lái cáng jīng;तथागतगर्भसूत्र;Tathāgatagarbhasūtra;འཕགས་པ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།;Texts/Tathāgatagarbhasūtra
Amoghavajra; Buddhabhadra; Śākyaprabha; Ye shes sde
Tathāgatagarbhasūtra;'phags pa de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po zhes bya ba theg pa chen po'i mdo;大方廣如來藏經;तथागतगर्भसूत्र;འཕགས་པ་དེ་བཞིན་གཤེགས་པའི་སྙིང་པོ་ཞེས་བྱ་བ་ཐེག་པ་ཆེན་པོའི་མདོ།
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A Buddha Within: The Tathāgatagarbhasūtra
Affirmation in Negation: A Study of the Tathāgatagarbha Theory in the Light of the Bodhisattva Practices
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David Higgins at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Media/Khenpo Tamphel at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
Khenpo Tamphel at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Martina Draszczyk at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Shenpen Hookham at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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Sina Joos at the 2019 Tathāgatagarbha Symposium
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