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"center and surrounding." A mandala is a symbolic graphic representation of a deity's realm of existence.
dkyil 'khor;mandala;"center and surrounding." A mandala is a symbolic graphic representation of a deity's realm of existence.
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A king of Oddiyana who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Manjushrimitra. He was the father of Princess Parani and Prince Rajahasti, and the teacher of Rajahasti.
dha he na ta lo;Dhahena Talo;A king of Oddiyana who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Manjushrimitra. He was the father of Princess Parani and Prince Rajahasti, and the teacher of Rajahasti.
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According to the Bodhisattva Vehicle these are gathering virtues, benefiting sentient beings, and refraining from misdeeds.
shul khrims gsum;three kinds of discipline;three kinds of discipline;According to the Bodhisattva Vehicle these are gathering virtues, benefiting sentient beings, and refraining from misdeeds.
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The second empowerment, which purifies the defilements of speech, enables one to meditate on the channels and energies and to recite mantras and plants the seed for obtaining the vajra speech and the sambhogakaya.
gsang ba'i dbang;secret empowerment;secret empowerment;The second empowerment, which purifies the defilements of speech, enables one to meditate on the channels and energies and to recite mantras and plants the seed for obtaining the vajra speech and the sambhogakaya.
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Ignorance, desire, anger, jealousy, and pride.
nyon mongs lnga;five conflicting emotions;five conflicting emotions;Ignorance, desire, anger, jealousy, and pride.
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A mischievous male spirit of a class of spirits born of the union of the ''rgyal po'' and '' 'gong po''.
rgyal 'gong;Spirit King;spirit king;A mischievous male spirit of a class of spirits born of the union of the ''rgyal po'' and '' 'gong po''.
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That which appears to the eyes of each individual according to one's tendencies or spiritual development. There are three types of perception: (1) The deluded perceptions that arise in the consciousness of beings of the six realms due to misunderstanding are called the impure deluded perceptions of the universe and beings. (2) The perceptions of interdependence, magical illusions, corresponding to the eight similes of illusion that one does not apprehend as real; these are the perceptions of the bodhisattvas of the ten levels in their post-meditation state. (3) The authentic, perfect perceptions of wisdom; when one has realized the natural state of everything, beings and the universe appear as the display of the kayas and wisdoms.
snang ba;perceptions;perceptions;That which appears to the eyes of each individual according to one's tendencies or spiritual development. There are three types of perception: (1) The deluded perceptions that arise in the consciousness of beings of the six realms due to misunderstanding are called the impure deluded perceptions of the universe and beings. (2) The perceptions of interdependence, magical illusions, corresponding to the eight similes of illusion that one does not apprehend as real;these are the perceptions of the bodhisattvas of the ten levels in their post-meditation state. (3) The authentic, perfect perceptions of wisdom;when one has realized the natural state of everything, beings and the universe appear as the display of the kayas and wisdoms.
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Also called Orgyen or Urgyen, a region in ancient India corresponding, according to some authorities, to the valley of Swat between Afghanistan and Kashmir. Oddiyana was the birthplace of Padmasambhava and Garab Dorje.
o rgyan;Oddiyana;Also called Orgyen or Urgyen, a region in ancient India corresponding, according to some authorities, to the valley of Swat between Afghanistan and Kashmir. Oddiyana was the birthplace of Padmasambhava and Garab Dorje.
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Frightening places where dakas and dakinis meet, which internally correspond to the eight consciousnesses.
dur khrod brgyad;eight charnel grounds;eight charnel grounds;Frightening places where dakas and dakinis meet, which internally correspond to the eight consciousnesses.
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A type of mantra belonging to the wrathful deities that is used to dispel demonic forces that obstruct the Buddhist doctrine or the welfare of beings.
drag ngags;fierce mantras;fierce mantras;A type of mantra belonging to the wrathful deities that is used to dispel demonic forces that obstruct the Buddhist doctrine or the welfare of beings.
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The three essential points in ''trekcho'' meditation, corresponding to the three categories of the Mind Class scriptures.
shan 'byed,la bzla,rang grol;distinguishing,resolving,and self-liberation;distinguishing,resolving,and self-liberation;The three essential points in ''trekcho'' meditation, corresponding to the three categories of the Mind Class scriptures.
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The three collections of the words of the Buddha (Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma). Their purpose is the development of the three trainings of discipline, concentration, and discriminating knowledge, while their function is to remedy the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance.
sde snod gsum;Tripitaka;The three collections of the words of the Buddha (Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma). Their purpose is the development of the three trainings of discipline, concentration, and discriminating knowledge, while their function is to remedy the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance.
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The four highest states of samsaric existence.
gzugs med khams;formless realm;formless realm;The four highest states of samsaric existence.
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One of the Tibetan translators who were predicted by Padmasambhava at the time of Trisong Deutsen. While Vairotsana and Namkhai Nyingpo were sent to India, Kawa Paltsek stayed at Samye and translated the sutras and mantra teachings. Later, he went to India to invite Vimalamitra to Tibet. He is considered the second greatest translator and was one of the twenty-five close disciples of Padmasambhava.
ska ba dpal brtsegs;Kawa Paltsek;kawa paltsek;One of the Tibetan translators who were predicted by Padmasambhava at the time of Trisong Deutsen. While Vairotsana and Namkhai Nyingpo were sent to India, Kawa Paltsek stayed at Samye and translated the sutras and mantra teachings. Later, he went to India to invite Vimalamitra to Tibet. He is considered the second greatest translator and was one of the twenty-five close disciples of Padmasambhava.
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Synonym for emptiness or the nature of things, dharmata. It is also used to describe the unity of dependent origination and emptiness.
de bzhin nyid;suchness;suchness;tathata;Synonym for emptiness or the nature of things, dharmata. It is also used to describe the unity of dependent origination and emptiness.
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Consciousness as the ground of all experience. According to the Mahayana, the all-ground is the fundamental and indeterminate level of the mind in which karmic imprints are stored.
kun gzhi'i rnam shes;all-ground consciousness;all-ground consciousness;alaya-vijnana;Consciousness as the ground of all experience. According to the Mahayana, the all-ground is the fundamental and indeterminate level of the mind in which karmic imprints are stored.
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rgyal ba;Conqueror;conqueror;jina;An epithet of the Buddha.
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A text written by Manjushrimitra as a confession to Prahevajra; one of the five major scriptures of the Mind Class that were translated by Vairotsana.
Bodhichitta Written in Pure Gold on Stone
Byang sems rdo la gser zhun;Bodhichitta Written in Pure Gold on Stone;bodhichitta written in pure gold on stone;A text written by Manjushrimitra as a confession to Prahevajra;one of the five major scriptures of the Mind Class that were translated by Vairotsana.
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The levels or stages of a bodhisattva on the way to perfect enlightenment.
sa;level;level;bhumi;The levels or stages of a bodhisattva on the way to perfect enlightenment.
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The name of the Buddhist ethical teachings in general and of the code of monastic discipline in particular.
'dul ba;Vinaya;The name of the Buddhist ethical teachings in general and of the code of monastic discipline in particular.
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The greatness of direct manifestation of enlightenment; the greatness of enlightenment in the ultimate dimension of phenomena; the greatness of enlightenment in the dharmakaya; the greatness of enlightenment that proves its own nature; and the greatness of the absolute nonexistence of enlightenment.
che ba lnga;five greatnesses;five greatnesses;The greatness of direct manifestation of enlightenment;the greatness of enlightenment in the ultimate dimension of phenomena;the greatness of enlightenment in the dharmakaya;the greatness of enlightenment that proves its own nature;and the greatness of the absolute nonexistence of enlightenment.
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One of the most influential Bon ministers during the reign of King Trisong Deutsen.
ngam ta ra klu gong;One of the most influential Bon ministers during the reign of King Trisong Deutsen.
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A revealer of hidden treasures. Tertons are said to be reincarnations of Padmasambhava's close disciples who made the aspiration to benefit beings in the future.
gter ston;terton;terton;A revealer of hidden treasures. Tertons are said to be reincarnations of Padmasambhava's close disciples who made the aspiration to benefit beings in the future.
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According to this text, a period of six months.
o rgyan gyi lo;Oddiyana year;oddiyana year;According to this text, a period of six months.
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One of the Dzogchen lineage masters who is sometimes designated as a prostitute and sometimes as a nun; prostitute may describe the sub-caste of the origin of this teacher. She received the transmission of the mind essence from Rishi Bhashita and became a teacher of Nagarjuna.
bdag nyi ma;One of the Dzogchen lineage masters who is sometimes designated as a prostitute and sometimes as a nun;prostitute may describe the sub-caste of the origin of this teacher. She received the transmission of the mind essence from Rishi Bhashita and became a teacher of Nagarjuna.
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The five aggregates are the basic component elements of form, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness. When they appear together, the illusion of a self is produced in the ignorant mind.
phung po;aggregates;aggregates;skandha;The five aggregates are the basic component elements of form, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness. When they appear together, the illusion of a self is produced in the ignorant mind.
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The six great Indian masters Nagarjuna, Asanga, Dignaga, Aryadeva, Vasubandhu, and Dharmakirti.
rgyan drug;Six Ornaments;six ornaments;The six great Indian masters Nagarjuna, Asanga, Dignaga, Aryadeva, Vasubandhu, and Dharmakirti.
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Treasure text on the life of Padmasambhava revealed by Orgyen Lingpa (1323-74). It was revealed at the Crystal Cave of Yarlung, thus its title.
bKa' thang shel brag ma;Crystal Cave Chronicles;crystal cave chronicles;Treasure text on the life of Padmasambhava revealed by Orgyen Lingpa (1323-74). It was revealed at the Crystal Cave of Yarlung, thus its title.
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Literally, "joining" or "union" with the natural state of the mind. A term commonly used to refer to spiritual practice.
rnal 'byor;yoga;Literally, "joining" or "union" with the natural state of the mind. A term commonly used to refer to spiritual practice.
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The perception of the world and its contents as a pure buddha-field or as the display of kayas and wisdoms.
dag snang;The perception of the world and its contents as a pure buddha-field or as the display of kayas and wisdoms.
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Vajra-holder. Emanation of Samantabhadra. The dharmakaya buddha of the New Schools. Can also refer to one's personal teacher of Vajrayana or to the all-embracing buddha-nature.
Vajradhara;Vajra-holder. Emanation of Samantabhadra. The dharmakaya buddha of the New Schools. Can also refer to one's personal teacher of Vajrayana or to the all-embracing buddha-nature.
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Songtsen Gampo's nephew, who ruled Tibet after Songtsen Gampo until his son Dusong Mangpoje took over.
mang srong mang btsan;Mangsong Mangtsen;mangsong mangtsen;Songtsen Gampo's nephew, who ruled Tibet after Songtsen Gampo until his son Dusong Mangpoje took over.
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In Kriya Tantra, the purity of deity and mantra, the purity of substance and rapture, and the purity of mantra and contemplation.
dag pa gsum;three purities;three purities;In Kriya Tantra, the purity of deity and mantra, the purity of substance and rapture, and the purity of mantra and contemplation.
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This lineage is transmitted through the awareness-holders by means of symbols or gestures; according to this text it goes from Manjushrimitra up to and including Vimalamitra.
rig 'dzin brda rgyud;symbol lineage through the vidyadharas;symbol lineage through the vidyadharas;This lineage is transmitted through the awareness-holders by means of symbols or gestures;according to this text it goes from Manjushrimitra up to and including Vimalamitra.
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The highest teaching of the Nyingma. See Ati.
rdzogs chen;Dzogchen;dzogchen;The highest teaching of the Nyingma. See Ati.
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A follower of Hinayana, whose goal is to be free of the sufferings of samsara. Unlike the followers of the Great Vehicle, shravakas do not aspire to full enlightenment for the sake of all beings.
nyan thos;shravaka;A follower of Hinayana, whose goal is to be free of the sufferings of samsara. Unlike the followers of the Great Vehicle, shravakas do not aspire to full enlightenment for the sake of all beings.
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A city in India on the Ganges, a main place of pilgrimage for Hindus. At nearby Sarnath, the Buddha Shakyamuni turned the first wheel of the Dharma with his teachings on the Four Noble Truths.
wa ra na si;Varanasi;A city in India on the Ganges, a main place of pilgrimage for Hindus. At nearby Sarnath, the Buddha Shakyamuni turned the first wheel of the Dharma with his teachings on the Four Noble Truths.
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The place where Shri Singha lived when he taught Vairotsana and Lekdrub. It has not been determined whether this is situated in Oddiyana or in central India.
dha he na;The place where Shri Singha lived when he taught Vairotsana and Lekdrub. It has not been determined whether this is situated in Oddiyana or in central India.
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The third of the three outer tantras, which emphasizes the view rather than the conduct and regards the deity as being at the same level as oneself.
rnal 'byor rgyud;Yoga Tantra;The third of the three outer tantras, which emphasizes the view rather than the conduct and regards the deity as being at the same level as oneself.
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The fundamental system of Buddhist thought and practice deriving from the first turning of the wheel of Dharma and centering around the teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the twelvefold chain of dependent arising.
theg dman;The fundamental system of Buddhist thought and practice deriving from the first turning of the wheel of Dharma and centering around the teachings on the Four Noble Truths and the twelvefold chain of dependent arising.
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A general term referring to the six samsaric realms; the first of the three worlds of existence.
'dod khams;world of desire;world of desire;A general term referring to the six samsaric realms;the first of the three worlds of existence.
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Tantric practitioner. In this text it refers to someone who has already attained stability in the natural state of mind.
rnal 'byor pa;yogi;Tantric practitioner. In this text it refers to someone who has already attained stability in the natural state of mind.
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The community of Buddhist practitioners, whether monastic or lay. The term ''noble Sangha'' refers to those members of the Buddhist community who have attained the path of seeing and beyond.
dge 'dun;Sangha;The community of Buddhist practitioners, whether monastic or lay. The term ''noble Sangha'' refers to those members of the Buddhist community who have attained the path of seeing and beyond.
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The main temple in Lhasa that was built by Songtsen Gampo and that housed the Shakyamuni image brought to Tibet by his wife.
jo khang;Jokhang;jokhang;The main temple in Lhasa that was built by Songtsen Gampo and that housed the Shakyamuni image brought to Tibet by his wife.
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A disciple of Yudra Nyingpo who became one of the lineage holders.
spam songs rgyas mgon po;Pam Sangye Gonpo;pam sangye gonpo;A disciple of Yudra Nyingpo who became one of the lineage holders.
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Name of the mandala through which direct pointing out of the mind essence is given.
gsal byed rin po che 'bar ba'i dkyil 'khor;Illuminating Blazing Gem;illuminating blazing gem;Name of the mandala through which direct pointing out of the mind essence is given.
gsal byed rin po che 'bar ba'i dkyil 'khor
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This term is used to designate either a malevolent spirit or, symbolically, a negative force or obstacle on the path. The four demons (''bdud bzhi''), or maras, are of the latter kind. The demon of the aggregates refers to the five ''skandhas'' (body, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness) as described in Buddhist teachings, which form the basis of suffering in samsara. The demon of the emotions refers to the conflicting emotions, which provoke suffering. The demon of death refers not only to death itself but also to the momentary transience of all phenomena, the nature of which is suffering. The demon child of the gods refers to mental wandering and the attachment to phenomena apprehended as truly existent.
bdud;demon;demon;mara;This term is used to designate either a malevolent spirit or, symbolically, a negative force or obstacle on the path. The four demons (''bdud bzhi''), or maras, are of the latter kind. The demon of the aggregates refers to the five ''skandhas'' (body, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness) as described in Buddhist teachings, which form the basis of suffering in samsara. The demon of the emotions refers to the conflicting emotions, which provoke suffering. The demon of death refers not only to death itself but also to the momentary transience of all phenomena, the nature of which is suffering. The demon child of the gods refers to mental wandering and the attachment to phenomena apprehended as truly existent.
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When referring to the view of the Great Perfection, awareness means consciousness devoid of ignorance and dualistic fixation.
rig pa;awareness;awareness;vidya;When referring to the view of the Great Perfection, awareness means consciousness devoid of ignorance and dualistic fixation.
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Five root tantras of body, speech, mind, quality, and activity: ''Sarvabuddha Samayoga, Secret Moon Essence, Gathering of Secrets, Glorious Supreme Primal Tantra'', and ''Activity Garland''. Five display tantras related to sadhana practice: ''Heruka Display Tantra, Supreme Steed Display Tantra, Compassion Display Tantra, Nectar Display Tantra'', and ''Twelvefold Kilaya Tantra''. Five tantras related to conduct: ''Mountain Pile, Awesome Wisdom Lightning, Arrangement of Precepts, One-Pointed Samadhi'', and ''Rampant Elephant Tantra''. Two subsequent tantras for amending incompleteness: ''Magical Net of Vairochana'' and ''Skillful Lasso''. The one outstanding tantra that epitomizes them all is the ''Essence of Secrets, the Tantra of the Magical Net of Vajrasattva'', known as the ''Guhyagarbha''.
Ma ha yo ga'i rgyud sde bco brgyad;Eighteen Root Tantras of Maha Yoga;eighteen root tantras of maha yoga;Five root tantras of body, speech, mind, quality, and activity: ''Sarvabuddha Samayoga, Secret Moon Essence, Gathering of Secrets, Glorious Supreme Primal Tantra'', and ''Activity Garland''. Five display tantras related to sadhana practice: ''Heruka Display Tantra, Supreme Steed Display Tantra, Compassion Display Tantra, Nectar Display Tantra'', and ''Twelvefold Kilaya Tantra''. Five tantras related to conduct: ''Mountain Pile, Awesome Wisdom Lightning, Arrangement of Precepts, One-Pointed Samadhi'', and ''Rampant Elephant Tantra''. Two subsequent tantras for amending incompleteness: ''Magical Net of Vairochana'' and ''Skillful Lasso''. The one outstanding tantra that epitomizes them all is the ''Essence of Secrets, the Tantra of the Magical Net of Vajrasattva'', known as the ''Guhyagarbha''.
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The transmission of the teachings from mind to mind, according to this text, from Samantabhadra up to and including Prahevajra.
rig 'dzin brda brgyud;mind lineage through,the Conquerors;mind lineage through,the conquerors;The transmission of the teachings from mind to mind, according to this text, from Samantabhadra up to and including Prahevajra.
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The Dharma protectors guard the teachings from being diluted and their transmission from being disturbed or distorted. Protectors are sometimes emanations of buddhas or bodhisattvas and sometimes spirits, gods, or demons that have been subjugated by a great spiritual master and bound under oath.
chos skyong;Dharma protector;dharma protector;dharmapala;The Dharma protectors guard the teachings from being diluted and their transmission from being disturbed or distorted. Protectors are sometimes emanations of buddhas or bodhisattvas and sometimes spirits, gods, or demons that have been subjugated by a great spiritual master and bound under oath.
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An exposition tantra of the All-Creating Monarch Tantra.
mDo bcu;Ten Sutras;ten sutras;An exposition tantra of the All-Creating Monarch Tantra.
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One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, a disciple of Shri Singha.
kun dga' mo;Kungamo;kungamo;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, a disciple of Shri Singha.
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The son of Buddha Shakyamuni's uncle who became the Buddha's personal attendant. Ananda was able to remember every word the Buddha spoke; he compiled the Buddha's teachings and served as the second patriarch in the oral transmission of the Dharma.
kun dga' bo;Ananda;The son of Buddha Shakyamuni's uncle who became the Buddha's personal attendant. Ananda was able to remember every word the Buddha spoke;he compiled the Buddha's teachings and served as the second patriarch in the oral transmission of the Dharma.
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Tibetan translators of the canonical texts who usually worked closely with Indian panditas. The title literally means "bilingual."
lo tsa ba;locchava;lotsawa;lotsawa;Tibetan translators of the canonical texts who usually worked closely with Indian panditas. The title literally means "bilingual."
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The five conflicting emotions of anger, desire, ignorance, jealousy, and pride.
nyon mongs lnga;five poisons;five poisons;The five conflicting emotions of anger, desire, ignorance, jealousy, and pride.
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A class of semi-divine beings who sometimes act as protectors of the Dharma.
ma mo;mamo;A class of semi-divine beings who sometimes act as protectors of the Dharma.
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A set of scriptures belonging to the Mind Class.
mDo bcu gsum;Thirteen Sutras;thirteen sutras;A set of scriptures belonging to the Mind Class.
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A small mountain near Samye that is considered to be one of the four sacred mountains in Tibet.
has po ri;Hepori;hepori;A small mountain near Samye that is considered to be one of the four sacred mountains in Tibet.
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Six modes of existence caused and dominated by a particular mental poison: the realms of the hells (anger), pretas (miserliness), animals (ignorance), humans (desire), demigods (jealousy), and gods (pride). They correspond to deluded perceptions produced by karma and apprehended as real.
rigs drug;six realms;six realms;Six modes of existence caused and dominated by a particular mental poison: the realms of the hells (anger), pretas (miserliness), animals (ignorance), humans (desire), demigods (jealousy), and gods (pride). They correspond to deluded perceptions produced by karma and apprehended as real.
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In the Mahayana, the transcendent reality of perfect buddhahood is described in terms of two, three, four, or five bodies, or kayas. The two bodies, in the first case, are the dharmakaya, the Body of Truth, and the rupakaya, the Body of Form. The dharmakaya is the absolute or "emptiness" aspect of buddhahood. The rupakaya is subdivided into the sambhogakaya, the Body of Perfect Enjoyment, and the nirmanakaya, the Body of Manifestation. The sambhogakaya, or the spontaneous clarity aspect of buddhahood, is perceptible only to beings of extremely high realization. The nirmanakaya, the compassionate aspect, is perceptible to ordinary beings and appears in the world most often in human form. The system of four bodies consists of the three just referred to together with the svabhavikakaya, or Body of Suchness, which refers to the union of the previous three.
sku lnga;five kayas;five kayas;panchakaya;In the Mahayana, the transcendent reality of perfect buddhahood is described in terms of two, three, four, or five bodies, or kayas. The two bodies, in the first case, are the dharmakaya, the Body of Truth, and the rupakaya, the Body of Form. The dharmakaya is the absolute or "emptiness" aspect of buddhahood. The rupakaya is subdivided into the sambhogakaya, the Body of Perfect Enjoyment, and the nirmanakaya, the Body of Manifestation. The sambhogakaya, or the spontaneous clarity aspect of buddhahood, is perceptible only to beings of extremely high realization. The nirmanakaya, the compassionate aspect, is perceptible to ordinary beings and appears in the world most often in human form. The system of four bodies consists of the three just referred to together with the svabhavikakaya, or Body of Suchness, which refers to the union of the previous three.
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Literally, "Great Seal." This refers to the seal of the absolute nature of all phenomena. The term is used for the teaching, the practice, and the supreme accomplishment.
phyag rgya chen po;Mahamudra;Literally, "Great Seal." This refers to the seal of the absolute nature of all phenomena. The term is used for the teaching, the practice, and the supreme accomplishment.
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The best service to one's guru is the offering of one's practice, mediocre service is to serve one's guru with body and speech, and inferior service is the offering of material things.
zhabs tog gsum;three services;three services;The best service to one's guru is the offering of one's practice, mediocre service is to serve one's guru with body and speech, and inferior service is the offering of material things.
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The second of the inner tantras, according to the system of nine vehicles used in the Nyingma tradition. Anu Yoga emphasizes the perfection stage of tantric practice, which consists of meditation on emptiness as well as on the subtle channels, energies, and essences of the physical body.
rjes su rnal 'byor;Anu Yoga;The second of the inner tantras, according to the system of nine vehicles used in the Nyingma tradition. Anu Yoga emphasizes the perfection stage of tantric practice, which consists of meditation on emptiness as well as on the subtle channels, energies, and essences of the physical body.
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In a Buddhist context, ignorance is not mere nescience; it is mistaken apprehension. It is the incorrect understanding of, or failure to recognize, the ultimate nature of beings and phenomena and falsely ascribing true existence to them.
ma rig pa;ignorance;ignorance;avidya;In a Buddhist context, ignorance is not mere nescience;it is mistaken apprehension. It is the incorrect understanding of, or failure to recognize, the ultimate nature of beings and phenomena and falsely ascribing true existence to them.
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Earth, water, fire, and wind or air, as principles of solidity, liquidity, heat, movement, and space.
'byung ba lnga;five elements;five elements;Earth, water, fire, and wind or air, as principles of solidity, liquidity, heat, movement, and space.
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The wheel, or round, of existence; the state of being unenlightened in which the mind, enslaved by the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance, evolves uncontrolled from one state to another, passing through an endless stream of psychophysical experiences, all of which are characterized by suffering.
'khor ba;samsara;The wheel, or round, of existence;the state of being unenlightened in which the mind, enslaved by the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance, evolves uncontrolled from one state to another, passing through an endless stream of psychophysical experiences, all of which are characterized by suffering.
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In this text this refers to the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class.
sNga 'gyur phyi 'gyur;Early and Later Translation;early and later translation;In this text this refers to the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class.
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One of the translators who were sent to India by King Trisong Deutsen in order to search for the teachings. Along with his companions he studied the Yangdag Heruka doctrine with Master Humkara.
snub nam mka'i snying po;Nub Namkhai Nyingpo;nub namkhai nyingpo;One of the translators who were sent to India by King Trisong Deutsen in order to search for the teachings. Along with his companions he studied the Yangdag Heruka doctrine with Master Humkara.
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The heruka of the Vajra family; alternatively, the tantric teachings connected to that wrathful deity. Also, one of the Eight Sadhana Teachings of the Nyingma school.
yang dag;Vishuddha;The heruka of the Vajra family;alternatively, the tantric teachings connected to that wrathful deity. Also, one of the Eight Sadhana Teachings of the Nyingma school.
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The sage of the Shakyas; the Buddha of our time who lived around the fifth century B.C.
sangs rgyas sha kya thub pa;Buddha Shakyamuni;The sage of the Shakyas;the Buddha of our time who lived around the fifth century B.C.
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Name for the thirteenth level of realization.
'khor lo tshogs chen;Cloud Mass Wheel;cloud mass wheel;Name for the thirteenth level of realization.
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Abbreviation of the ''Scripture of the Embodiment of the Realization of All Buddhas''; the most important Anu Yoga scripture.
dGongs 'dus;Embodiment of Realization;embodiment of realization;Abbreviation of the ''Scripture of the Embodiment of the Realization of All Buddhas'';the most important Anu Yoga scripture.
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Literally, "the Blissful,"; the name of the Western Paradise, the pure land of Buddha Amitabha.
bde ba can;Sukhavati;Literally, "the Blissful,";the name of the Western Paradise, the pure land of Buddha Amitabha.
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In general, the transmitter of the monastic vows. This title is also given to a person who has attained a high degree of knowledge of Dharma and is authorized to teach it.
mkhan po;abbot;abbot;In general, the transmitter of the monastic vows. This title is also given to a person who has attained a high degree of knowledge of Dharma and is authorized to teach it.
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The activity aspect of all the buddhas, a wrathful manifestation of Vajrasattva. The practice of this deity is related to the four aspects of the Kila: the ritual object, compassion, bodhichitta, and awareness-wisdom.
phurba;Kilaya;The activity aspect of all the buddhas, a wrathful manifestation of Vajrasattva. The practice of this deity is related to the four aspects of the Kila: the ritual object, compassion, bodhichitta, and awareness-wisdom.
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The levels or stages of the bodhisattvas.
sa;bhumi;The levels or stages of the bodhisattvas.
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Prahevajra's previous incarnation in the celestial realms.
sems lhag can;Adhichitta;Prahevajra's previous incarnation in the celestial realms.
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''Essence of Secrets''. The chief Maha Yoga tantra of the Nyingma school.
gSang ba'i snying po;Guhyagarbha;''Essence of Secrets''. The chief Maha Yoga tantra of the Nyingma school.
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The supreme god and king of the Heaven of the Thirty-three. Indra is regarded as a protector of the Buddhist doctrine. He resides on the summit of Mount Sumeru in the Palace of Complete Victory and is also known as Shakra (''brgya byin''), the ruler of the devas.
dbang po;Indra;The supreme god and king of the Heaven of the Thirty-three. Indra is regarded as a protector of the Buddhist doctrine. He resides on the summit of Mount Sumeru in the Palace of Complete Victory and is also known as Shakra (''brgya byin''), the ruler of the devas.
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A princess who was one of the Indian lineage masters of the Dzogchen teachings. She was a disciple of the scholar Maharaja and the teacher of Atsantra Aloke.
go ma de byi;Gomadevi;A princess who was one of the Indian lineage masters of the Dzogchen teachings. She was a disciple of the scholar Maharaja and the teacher of Atsantra Aloke.
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The fact that all things have the nature of emptiness.
mnyam pa nyid;equality,evenness;equality,evenness;samata;The fact that all things have the nature of emptiness.
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One of the two divisions of Maha Yoga. The Maha Yoga tantras appeared in this world when revealed to King Ja by Vajrasattva and the Lord of Secrets.
rgyud sde;Tantra Section;tantra section;One of the two divisions of Maha Yoga. The Maha Yoga tantras appeared in this world when revealed to King Ja by Vajrasattva and the Lord of Secrets.
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dge slong;bhihshu;A fully ordained Buddhist monk.
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Literally, "moving through space." The representation of wisdom in female form. There are several levels of dakinis: wisdom dakinis who have complete realization and worldly dakinis who possess various spiritual powers. The word is also used as a title for great women teachers and as a respectful form of addressing the wives of spiritual masters.
mkha' 'gro ma;dakini;Literally, "moving through space." The representation of wisdom in female form. There are several levels of dakinis: wisdom dakinis who have complete realization and worldly dakinis who possess various spiritual powers. The word is also used as a title for great women teachers and as a respectful form of addressing the wives of spiritual masters.
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A way of doing divination by looking at images in a mirror.
pra se na;oracular mirror;oracular mirror;A way of doing divination by looking at images in a mirror.
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The name of our present world system. ''Saha'' means "enduring" because sentient beings endure unbearable suffering here
mi mjed;The name of our present world system. ''Saha'' means "enduring" because sentient beings endure unbearable suffering here
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A commentary on the words of the Buddha.
bstan bcos;shastra;A commentary on the words of the Buddha.
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Sacred mountain in western Tibet, also known as Mount Tisey.
ti se;Kailash;Sacred mountain in western Tibet, also known as Mount Tisey.
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The main disciple and lineage holder of Vairotsana. He was the reincarnation of Tsang Lekdrub.
g.yu sgra snying po;Yudra Nyingpo;yudra nyingpo;The main disciple and lineage holder of Vairotsana. He was the reincarnation of Tsang Lekdrub.
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The five disciplines of grammar, dialectics, healing, philosophy, and "arts and crafts."
rig pa'i gnas lnga;five sciences;five sciences;The five disciplines of grammar, dialectics, healing, philosophy, and "arts and crafts."
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The common term for the Buddhist doctrine. In its widest sense it means all that can be known. In this text, the term is used exclusively to indicate the teaching of the Buddha. It has two aspects: the Dharma of transmission (''lung gi chos''), namely, the teachings that are actually given, and the Dharma of realization (''rtogs pa'i chos''), or the states of wisdom, etc., that are attained through the application of the teachings. Dharma can also simply mean "phenomena."
chos;Dharma;The common term for the Buddhist doctrine. In its widest sense it means all that can be known. In this text, the term is used exclusively to indicate the teaching of the Buddha. It has two aspects: the Dharma of transmission (''lung gi chos''), namely, the teachings that are actually given, and the Dharma of realization (''rtogs pa'i chos''), or the states of wisdom, etc., that are attained through the application of the teachings. Dharma can also simply mean "phenomena."
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The first human recipient of the Maha Yoga tantras and an important figure in the transmission of Anu Yoga. Some sources say he is the same as King Indrabhuti, also known as Indrabodhi.
rgyal po dza;King Ja;king ja;The first human recipient of the Maha Yoga tantras and an important figure in the transmission of Anu Yoga. Some sources say he is the same as King Indrabhuti, also known as Indrabodhi.
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Located in Chinese Turkestan, Khotan was one of the greatest Buddhist centers during the first millennium A.D.
li yul;Khotan;khotan;Located in Chinese Turkestan, Khotan was one of the greatest Buddhist centers during the first millennium A.D.
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He was born in a Brahmin family in Nepal and was an expert in the Vedas. He later became a Buddhist and got ordained at Nalanda. He became an expert in the teachings of the prajnaparamita and the Secret Mantra. In the Sitavana charnel ground he was given the casket containing the transmitted precepts of Vishuddha, through which he attained accomplishment. He benefited beings through his teachings on the development and perfection stages, on which he wrote many treatises. He passed away by flying to the pure land of Akshobhya and his main disciples were Avadhuti and Buddhashrisanti of Oddiyana.
hung ka ra;Humkara;He was born in a Brahmin family in Nepal and was an expert in the Vedas. He later became a Buddhist and got ordained at Nalanda. He became an expert in the teachings of the prajnaparamita and the Secret Mantra. In the Sitavana charnel ground he was given the casket containing the transmitted precepts of Vishuddha, through which he attained accomplishment. He benefited beings through his teachings on the development and perfection stages, on which he wrote many treatises. He passed away by flying to the pure land of Akshobhya and his main disciples were Avadhuti and Buddhashrisanti of Oddiyana.
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Generally means the state of buddhahood, characterized by the perfection of the accumulations of merit and wisdom and by the removal of the two obscurations. It can also refer to the lower stages of enlightenment of an arhat or pratyekabuddha.
byang chub;enlightenment;enlightenment;bodhi;Generally means the state of buddhahood, characterized by the perfection of the accumulations of merit and wisdom and by the removal of the two obscurations. It can also refer to the lower stages of enlightenment of an arhat or pratyekabuddha.
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Commonly known as Garab Dorje. The name literally means "indestructible joy." He received all the tantras, scriptures, and oral instructions of Dzogchen from Vajrasattva and Vajrapani in person and became the first human vidyadhara in the Dzogchen lineage. Manjushrimitra is regarded as his chief disciple. He passed away 540 years after the Buddha's nirvana.
dga' rabs rdo rje;Prahevajra;Commonly known as Garab Dorje. The name literally means "indestructible joy." He received all the tantras, scriptures, and oral instructions of Dzogchen from Vajrasattva and Vajrapani in person and became the first human vidyadhara in the Dzogchen lineage. Manjushrimitra is regarded as his chief disciple. He passed away 540 years after the Buddha's nirvana.
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Predicted by Padmasambhava and trained as a translator during the time of Trisong Deutsen, along with Kawa Paltsek he translated the sutras and tantras while Vairo went to India. Later, he and Kawa went to India to invite Vimalamitra to Tibet. He is considered the third greatest Tibetan translator and was also one of Padmasambhava's twenty-five disciples. Also referred to as Chok.
lcog ro klu'i rgyal mtshan;Chokro Lui Gyaltsen;chokro lui gyaltsen;Predicted by Padmasambhava and trained as a translator during the time of Trisong Deutsen, along with Kawa Paltsek he translated the sutras and tantras while Vairo went to India. Later, he and Kawa went to India to invite Vimalamitra to Tibet. He is considered the third greatest Tibetan translator and was also one of Padmasambhava's twenty-five disciples. Also referred to as Chok.
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The corpus of teachings and practices based on the tantras, scriptures that discourse upon the primordial purity of the mind. See Secret Mantra.
rdo rje theg pa;Vajrayana;The corpus of teachings and practices based on the tantras, scriptures that discourse upon the primordial purity of the mind. See Secret Mantra.
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Basic knowledge, knowledge of the path, and omniscience.
mkhyen pa gsum;three knowledges;three knowledges;Basic knowledge, knowledge of the path, and omniscience.
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Syllables or formulas that, when recited with appropriate visualizations, etc., protect the mind of the practitioner from ordinary perceptions. They are invocations and manifestations of the yidam deity in the form of sound.
sngags;mantra;Syllables or formulas that, when recited with appropriate visualizations, etc., protect the mind of the practitioner from ordinary perceptions. They are invocations and manifestations of the yidam deity in the form of sound.
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kha sar pa ni'i lo;Khasarpani year;khasarpani year;Possibly a period of six months.
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After Garab Dorje established the six million four hundred thousand Dzogchen tantras in the human world, Manjushrimitra divided them into three categories: the Mind Class emphasizing luminosity; the Space Class emphasizing emptiness; and the Instruction Class emphasizing their inseparability.
rdzogs chen sde gsum;Three Classes of Dzogchen;three classes of dzogchen;After Garab Dorje established the six million four hundred thousand Dzogchen tantras in the human world, Manjushrimitra divided them into three categories: the Mind Class emphasizing luminosity;the Space Class emphasizing emptiness;and the Instruction Class emphasizing their inseparability.
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The consort of the primordial Buddha Samantabhadra. Their union symbolizes the inseparability of the phenomenal world and emptiness.
kun tu bzang mo;Samantabhadri;The consort of the primordial Buddha Samantabhadra. Their union symbolizes the inseparability of the phenomenal world and emptiness.
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Habitual patterns of thought, speech, or action.
bag chags;habitual tendencies;habitual tendencies;vasana;Habitual patterns of thought, speech, or action.
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Can refer to a gesture, a spiritual consort, or the bodily form of a deity.
phyag rgya;mudra;Can refer to a gesture, a spiritual consort, or the bodily form of a deity.
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Encompasses the contents of the three outer tantras, in particular Yoga Tantra.
sems dpa'i rnal 'byor;sattvayoga;Encompasses the contents of the three outer tantras, in particular Yoga Tantra.
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These are: ignorance; habitual tendencies; consciousness; name and form; the six activity fields of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and intellect; contact; feeling; craving; aggregates; birth; old age; and death.
rten 'brel bcu gnyis;twelve links of dependent origination;twelve links of dependent origination;These are: ignorance;habitual tendencies;consciousness;name and form;the six activity fields of eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and intellect;contact;feeling;craving;aggregates;birth;old age;and death.
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A disciple of Yudra Nyingpo and one of the lineage masters of Vairotsana's teachings.
sbas rdo rje rgyal mtshan;Bes Dorje Gyaltsen;bes dorje gyaltsen;A disciple of Yudra Nyingpo and one of the lineage masters of Vairotsana's teachings.
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Literally, "lotus born." Padmasambhava was predicted by the Buddha Shakyamuni as the one who would propagate the teachings of the Vajrayana. Invited to Tibet by King Trisong Deutsen in the ninth century, he subjugated the evil forces hostile to the propagation of the Buddhist doctrine there, spread the Secret Mantra teachings, and hid innumerable spiritual treasures for the sake of future generations.
pad ma 'byung gnas;Padmasambhava;Literally, "lotus born." Padmasambhava was predicted by the Buddha Shakyamuni as the one who would propagate the teachings of the Vajrayana. Invited to Tibet by King Trisong Deutsen in the ninth century, he subjugated the evil forces hostile to the propagation of the Buddhist doctrine there, spread the Secret Mantra teachings, and hid innumerable spiritual treasures for the sake of future generations.
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One who, through compassion, strives to attain the full enlightenment of buddhahood for the sake of all beings. Bodhisattvas may be "ordinary" or "noble" depending on whether or not they have attained the path of seeing and are residing on one of the ten bhumis.
byang chub sems dpa';bodhisattva;One who, through compassion, strives to attain the full enlightenment of buddhahood for the sake of all beings. Bodhisattvas may be "ordinary" or "noble" depending on whether or not they have attained the path of seeing and are residing on one of the ten bhumis.
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The second divine sphere of the desire realm, situated on the summit of Mount Meru and presided over by thirty-three gods of whom Indra is the chief.
sum bcu rtsa gsum;Thirty-three;thirty-three;Trayastrimsha;The second divine sphere of the desire realm, situated on the summit of Mount Meru and presided over by thirty-three gods of whom Indra is the chief.
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The first human vidyadhara in the Dzogchen lineage.
dga' rab rdo rje;Prahevajra;The first human vidyadhara in the Dzogchen lineage.
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Literally, "hero." Tantric equivalent of a bodhisattva; the male equivalent of a dakini.
dpa' bo;daka;Literally, "hero." Tantric equivalent of a bodhisattva;the male equivalent of a dakini.
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The pure land of the Lord of Secrets, Vajrapani.
lcang lo can;Changlochen;changlochen;The pure land of the Lord of Secrets, Vajrapani.
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Literally, "blood drinker." A wrathful deity, drinker of the blood of ego-clinging.
khrag 'thung;Heruka;Literally, "blood drinker." A wrathful deity, drinker of the blood of ego-clinging.
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Son of King Dhahena Talo, who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Manjushrimitra and the teacher of Princess Parani.
thu bo ra dza ha ti;Rajahasti the Elder;rajahasti the elder;Son of King Dhahena Talo, who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Manjushrimitra and the teacher of Princess Parani.
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gsangs ba'i sku;guhyakaya;Esoteric form.
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The first of the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class taught by Shri Singha to Vairotsana and Tsang Lekdrub.
Rig pa'i khu byug;Cuckoo of Awareness;cuckoo of awareness;The first of the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class taught by Shri Singha to Vairotsana and Tsang Lekdrub.
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A nun from Khotan who became Vairotsana's foremost female disciple.
tshul khrims sgron;A nun from Khotan who became Vairotsana's foremost female disciple.
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One of the two main aspects of the Dzogchen teaching, the other being "primordial purity."
lhun grub;spontaneous presence;spontaneous presence;One of the two main aspects of the Dzogchen teaching, the other being "primordial purity."
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In the Buddhist tradition, this name refers to the ruler of the gods in the form realm.
tshangs pa;Brahma;In the Buddhist tradition, this name refers to the ruler of the gods in the form realm.
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he five buddha families: Tathagata, Vajra, Ratna, Padma, and Karma. They represent five aspects of the innate qualities of our enlightened essence. Each of them is presided over by a buddha: respectively, Vairochana, Akshobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitabha, and Amoghasiddhi.
rigs lnga;five families;five families;panchakula;he five buddha families: Tathagata, Vajra, Ratna, Padma, and Karma. They represent five aspects of the innate qualities of our enlightened essence. Each of them is presided over by a buddha: respectively, Vairochana, Akshobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitabha, and Amoghasiddhi.
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The hell, hungry ghost, and animal realms.
ngan song;lower realms;lower realms;The hell, hungry ghost, and animal realms.
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Also known as Khenpo Bodhisattva. An emanation of the bodhisattva Vajrapani, he was the abbot of Vikramashila and Samye. He ordained the first monks in Tibet and was the founder of a philosophical school combining Madhyamaka and Yogachara.
zhi ha mtsho;Shantarakshita;Also known as Khenpo Bodhisattva. An emanation of the bodhisattva Vajrapani, he was the abbot of Vikramashila and Samye. He ordained the first monks in Tibet and was the founder of a philosophical school combining Madhyamaka and Yogachara.
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A verbal formula, often quite long, blessed by a buddha or a bodhisattva, similar to the mantras of the Vajrayana but found in the sutra tradition. The term is also used to refer to the siddhi of unfailing memory.
gzungs;dharani;A verbal formula, often quite long, blessed by a buddha or a bodhisattva, similar to the mantras of the Vajrayana but found in the sutra tradition. The term is also used to refer to the siddhi of unfailing memory.
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Treasury of Wealth. An island in Oddiyana, or present-day western India, encircled by many sublime kinds of trees, which is why it is called Treasury of Wealth.
dha na ko sha;Dhanakosha;Treasury of Wealth. An island in Oddiyana, or present-day western India, encircled by many sublime kinds of trees, which is why it is called Treasury of Wealth.
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The ultimate view of the Nyingma school. See Ati, Ati Yoga.
rdzogs pa chen po;Great Perfection;great perfection;mahasandhi;The ultimate view of the Nyingma school. See Ati, Ati Yoga.
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A master who lived in the nineteenth century and was a teacher of Shukseb Jetsun and a student of the first Dodupchen Rinpoche.
dha rma seng ge;Dharma Senge;dharma senge;A master who lived in the nineteenth century and was a teacher of Shukseb Jetsun and a student of the first Dodupchen Rinpoche.
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The nature of one's mind, which is taught to be identical to the essence of all enlightened beings. It should be distinguished from "mind" (''sems''), which refers to ordinary discursive thinking based on ignorance of the nature of thought.
sems nyid,dgongs pa'i bcud;mind essence;mind essence;The nature of one's mind, which is taught to be identical to the essence of all enlightened beings. It should be distinguished from "mind" (''sems''), which refers to ordinary discursive thinking based on ignorance of the nature of thought.
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The third Dharma king of Tibet and an emanation of Manjushri. He appeared in the fifth reign after Songtsen Gampo and was thirteen years old when he started ruling the kingdom. He invited many masters to Tibet to propagate the true doctrine, built Samye, and established Buddhism as the state religion of Tibet. There are many different opinions about his birth and death dates.
khri srong de'u btsan;Trisong Deutsen;trisong deutsen;The third Dharma king of Tibet and an emanation of Manjushri. He appeared in the fifth reign after Songtsen Gampo and was thirteen years old when he started ruling the kingdom. He invited many masters to Tibet to propagate the true doctrine, built Samye, and established Buddhism as the state religion of Tibet. There are many different opinions about his birth and death dates.
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A learned master, scholar, or professor of Buddhist philosophy.
pan di ta;pandita;A learned master, scholar, or professor of Buddhist philosophy.
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The last and highest of the inner tantras; the summit of the system of nine vehicles according to the Nyingma classification; a synonym of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection.
rdzogs chen;Ati,Ati Yoga;The last and highest of the inner tantras;the summit of the system of nine vehicles according to the Nyingma classification;a synonym of Dzogchen, the Great Perfection.
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A great bodhisattva, one of the eight close sons. He personifies the power and mind of all buddhas.
phyag na rdo rje;A great bodhisattva, one of the eight close sons. He personifies the power and mind of all buddhas.
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The means for traveling the path to enlightenment.
theg pa;vehicle;vehicle;yana;The means for traveling the path to enlightenment.
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chos nyid;innate nature;innate nature;The true nature of phenomena.
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The traditional classification of the Dharma according to the Nyingma school. The first three vehicles are known as the three causal vehicles of the shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas. Following these are the three vehicles of the outer tantras, namely, Kriya Yoga, Upa Yoga, and Yoga Tantras. Finally, there are the three vehicles of the inner tantras: Maha Yoga, Anu Yoga, and Ati Yoga Tantras.
theg pa dgu;nine vehicles;nine vehicles;The traditional classification of the Dharma according to the Nyingma school. The first three vehicles are known as the three causal vehicles of the shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas. Following these are the three vehicles of the outer tantras, namely, Kriya Yoga, Upa Yoga, and Yoga Tantras. Finally, there are the three vehicles of the inner tantras: Maha Yoga, Anu Yoga, and Ati Yoga Tantras.
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A place or world manifested by a buddha or great bodhisattva through the spontaneous qualities of his realization. A place where beings can progress toward enlightenment without falling back into the lower realms of samsara. Also, any place whatsoever when it is perceived as a pure manifestation of spontaneous wisdom.
zhing khams;pure land;pure land;A place or world manifested by a buddha or great bodhisattva through the spontaneous qualities of his realization. A place where beings can progress toward enlightenment without falling back into the lower realms of samsara. Also, any place whatsoever when it is perceived as a pure manifestation of spontaneous wisdom.
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The paths of accumulation, joining, seeing, meditation, and beyond training. These five paths cover the entire path from sincerely beginning Dharma practice to complete enlightenment.
lam lnga;five paths;five paths;panchamarga;The paths of accumulation, joining, seeing, meditation, and beyond training. These five paths cover the entire path from sincerely beginning Dharma practice to complete enlightenment.
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Vajra seat. The place in Bihar, India, where all the buddhas of this eon have attained and will attain enlightenment.
rdo rje gdan;Bodhgaya;bodhgaya;vajrasana;Vajra seat. The place in Bihar, India, where all the buddhas of this eon have attained and will attain enlightenment.
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Non-Buddhist. Refers to teachers of non-Buddhist philosophies who adhere to the extreme views of eternalism or nihilism.
mu stegs pa;heretic;heretic;Non-Buddhist. Refers to teachers of non-Buddhist philosophies who adhere to the extreme views of eternalism or nihilism.
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The truths of suffering, origin, cessation, and path expounded by the Buddha Shakyamuni in his first teaching. These teachings, referred to as the first turning of the Dharma wheel, are the foundation of the Hinayana and Mahayana teachings.
bden pa bzhi;Four Truths;four truths;The truths of suffering, origin, cessation, and path expounded by the Buddha Shakyamuni in his first teaching. These teachings, referred to as the first turning of the Dharma wheel, are the foundation of the Hinayana and Mahayana teachings.
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Maha, Anu, and Ati. These three tantra classes are the special characteristics of the Nyingma school of the early translation. They are also known as "development, completion, and Great Perfection," or as "tantras, scriptures, and instructions."
nang rgyud gsum;three inner tantras;three inner tantras;Maha, Anu, and Ati. These three tantra classes are the special characteristics of the Nyingma school of the early translation. They are also known as "development, completion, and Great Perfection," or as "tantras, scriptures, and instructions."
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Literally means "abode of the gods." The capital of Tibet.
lha sa;Lhasa;lhasa;Literally means "abode of the gods." The capital of Tibet.
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Expert translator and disciple of Padmasambhava, Vimalamitra, Vairotsana, and Yudra Nyingpo. He worked closely with Vimalamitra in translating the Maha Yoga and Ati Yoga tantras.
nyag ye shes gzhon nu;Nyag Jnana Kumara;Expert translator and disciple of Padmasambhava, Vimalamitra, Vairotsana, and Yudra Nyingpo. He worked closely with Vimalamitra in translating the Maha Yoga and Ati Yoga tantras.
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The basic nature of sentient beings, which is originally untainted by defilement and beyond confusion and liberation.
ka dag;primordial purity;primordial purity;The basic nature of sentient beings, which is originally untainted by defilement and beyond confusion and liberation.
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Twenty Thousand Sections of the Ninefold Expanse
kLong dgu bam po nyi khri;Twenty Thousand Sections of the Ninefold Expanse;twenty thousand sections of the ninefold expanse;Important teachings of the Space Class.
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A small hand drum made from human skulls used in tantric rituals.
da ma ru;damaru;damaru;A small hand drum made from human skulls used in tantric rituals.
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Gold, silver, turquoise, coral, and pearl.
rin chen lnga;five precious things;five precious things;Gold, silver, turquoise, coral, and pearl.
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Eight chief yidam deities of Maha Yoga and their corresponding tantras and sadhanas: Manjushri Body, Lotus Speech, Vishuddha Mind, Nectar Quality, Kilaya Activity, Liberating Sorcery of Mother Deities, Maledictory Fierce Mantra, and Mundane Worship.
sGrub pa bka' brgyad;Eight Sadhana Teachings;eight sadhana teachings;Eight chief yidam deities of Maha Yoga and their corresponding tantras and sadhanas: Manjushri Body, Lotus Speech, Vishuddha Mind, Nectar Quality, Kilaya Activity, Liberating Sorcery of Mother Deities, Maledictory Fierce Mantra, and Mundane Worship.
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The orally transmitted lineage through individuals in which it is necessary for the teacher to use words for the disciple to hear, rather than transmitting them mind-to-mind or through symbols.
gang zag snyan rgyud;hearing lineage of individuals;hearing lineage of individuals;The orally transmitted lineage through individuals in which it is necessary for the teacher to use words for the disciple to hear, rather than transmitting them mind-to-mind or through symbols.
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According to the sutras, these are the devas, nagas, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and mahoragas, all of whom were able to receive and practice the Buddha's teachings. These eight classes can also refer to eight types of mundane spirits that can help or harm but are invisible to human beings: ''ging, mara, tsen, yaksha, rakshasa, mamo, rahula'', and ''naga''.
lha srin sde brgyad;eight classes of gods and demons;eight classes of gods and demons;According to the sutras, these are the devas, nagas, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and mahoragas, all of whom were able to receive and practice the Buddha's teachings. These eight classes can also refer to eight types of mundane spirits that can help or harm but are invisible to human beings: ''ging, mara, tsen, yaksha, rakshasa, mamo, rahula'', and ''naga''.
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The traditional class distinction of Indian society associated with different psychological types and the kind of work or social function deemed appropriate to each. In the course of time, the caste system became extremely complex. Buddhist texts refer only to the original fourfold system and repudiate it in the sense of rejecting the idea, still current in Indian society, that such distinctions are immutably dictated by the circumstances of birth. These four classes are the royal or ruling class (''kshatriya, rgyal rigs''), the priestly class (''brahmin, bram bze rigs''), the merchant class (''yaishya, rjeŉ rigs''), and the menial class (''shudra, dmangs rigs'').
rigs;caste;caste;The traditional class distinction of Indian society associated with different psychological types and the kind of work or social function deemed appropriate to each. In the course of time, the caste system became extremely complex. Buddhist texts refer only to the original fourfold system and repudiate it in the sense of rejecting the idea, still current in Indian society, that such distinctions are immutably dictated by the circumstances of birth. These four classes are the royal or ruling class (''kshatriya, rgyal rigs''), the priestly class (''brahmin, bram bze rigs''), the merchant class (''yaishya, rjeŉ rigs''), and the menial class (''shudra, dmangs rigs'').
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A cave in the southern part of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, where Padmasambhava attained accomplishment of Mahamudra through the practice of Vishuddha and Kilaya.
yang le shod;Yangleshod;yangleshod;A cave in the southern part of the Kathmandu Valley in Nepal, where Padmasambhava attained accomplishment of Mahamudra through the practice of Vishuddha and Kilaya.
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An epithet of the Buddha, sometimes translated as "the Blessed One" or "the Blessed Lord." The title can be analyzed etymologically as "the one who has vanquished (''bcom'') the four demons, who possesses (''ldan'') all qualities, and who is beyond ('''"`UNIQ--nowiki-000305B3-QINU`"'das'')
bcom ldan 'das;Bhagavan;An epithet of the Buddha, sometimes translated as "the Blessed One" or "the Blessed Lord." The title can be analyzed etymologically as "the one who has vanquished (''bcom'') the four demons, who possesses (''ldan'') all qualities, and who is beyond ('''"`UNIQ--nowiki-000305B3-QINU`"'das'')
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King of Dogs. He is so called because in the daytime he taught a thousand warriors and yoginis in the guise of a dog, and at night they would perform feast offerings and other practices in the charnel grounds. There were two Kukkurajas, the Elder and the Younger; the Younger is also called Dhahuna.
khyi'i rgyal po;Kukkuraja;King of Dogs. He is so called because in the daytime he taught a thousand warriors and yoginis in the guise of a dog, and at night they would perform feast offerings and other practices in the charnel grounds. There were two Kukkurajas, the Elder and the Younger;the Younger is also called Dhahuna.
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Gods, the highest of the six classes of samsaric beings, who enjoy the temporal bliss of the heavenly state.
lha;deva;Gods, the highest of the six classes of samsaric beings, who enjoy the temporal bliss of the heavenly state.
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Any living being in the six realms who has not attained liberation.
sentient being;sentient being;Any living being in the six realms who has not attained liberation.
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A highly learned and realized being, he is one of the late Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche's sons and holder of the Dudjom Tersar lineage. He lives in the United States and has published some of the most amazing books on Dharma written in English.
phrin las nor bu rin po che;Thinley Norbu Rinpoche;thinley norbu rinpoche;A highly learned and realized being, he is one of the late Kyabje Dudjom Rinpoche's sons and holder of the Dudjom Tersar lineage. He lives in the United States and has published some of the most amazing books on Dharma written in English.
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Synonym for Vajrapani, an emanation of Vajrasattva and the compiler of the tantric teachings.
gsang ba'i bdag po;Lord of Secrets;lord of secrets;Synonym for Vajrapani, an emanation of Vajrasattva and the compiler of the tantric teachings.
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Protectors of the teachings. These are either enlightened beings or spirits and gods who have been subjugated by great masters and bound under oath to guard the teachings. Their task is to protect the doctrine, its upholders, and practitioners. See Dharma protector.
chos skyong;dharmapalas;Protectors of the teachings. These are either enlightened beings or spirits and gods who have been subjugated by great masters and bound under oath to guard the teachings. Their task is to protect the doctrine, its upholders, and practitioners. See Dharma protector.
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Great Nyingma scholar from eastern Tibet who is said to be an emanation of Do Khyentse and who at present lives in New York.
alak gzan dkar rin po che;Ala Zenkar Rinpoche;ala zenkar rinpoche;Great Nyingma scholar from eastern Tibet who is said to be an emanation of Do Khyentse and who at present lives in New York.
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Literally, "awareness-holder." Someone of high attainment in the Vajrayana. According to the Nyingma tradition, there are four levels of vidyadhara corresponding to the ten (sometimes eleven) levels of realization of the Sutrayana. They are: (1) the vidyadhara with corporal residue, (2) the vidyadhara with power over life, (3) the Mahamudra vidyadhara, and (4) the vidyadhara of spontaneous presence.
rig 'dzin;vidyadhara;Literally, "awareness-holder." Someone of high attainment in the Vajrayana. According to the Nyingma tradition, there are four levels of vidyadhara corresponding to the ten (sometimes eleven) levels of realization of the Sutrayana. They are: (1) the vidyadhara with corporal residue, (2) the vidyadhara with power over life, (3) the Mahamudra vidyadhara, and (4) the vidyadhara of spontaneous presence.
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A disciple of Vairotsana. He was one hundred years old when he met Vairotsana. After receiving the instructions from Vairotsana, he attained instant realization and became one of the lineage masters. It is said that all his disciples attained rainbow body.
spam mi pham mgon po;Pam Mipham Gonpo;pam mipham gonpo;A disciple of Vairotsana. He was one hundred years old when he met Vairotsana. After receiving the instructions from Vairotsana, he attained instant realization and became one of the lineage masters. It is said that all his disciples attained rainbow body.
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A scripture on Avalokiteshvara that comes in the Mani Kahbum of King Songtsen Gampo.
mDo sde za ma tog bkod pa;Sutra Designed Line a Jewel Chest;sutra designed line a jewel chest;Karandavyuha-sutra;A scripture on Avalokiteshvara that comes in the Mani Kahbum of King Songtsen Gampo.
Tsadra Library Glossary Search/All Gloss Entries/The Great Image/Glossary# fdc45a05e73e8789d5996afab6f8a374
stong pa nyid;emptiness;emptiness;shunyata;The ultimate nature of phenomena.
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A ritual offering in tantric Buddhism in which oblations of food and drink are blessed as the elixir of wisdom and offered to the yidam deity as well as to the mandala of one's own body in order to purify breaches of one's sacred commitments.
tshogs 'khor;feast offering;feast offering;ganachakra;A ritual offering in tantric Buddhism in which oblations of food and drink are blessed as the elixir of wisdom and offered to the yidam deity as well as to the mandala of one's own body in order to purify breaches of one's sacred commitments.
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The five eminent beings were a god called Renowned Chief Protector (Skt. ''Yasasvi Varapala''), a naga called Naga King Takshaka, a yaksha called Meteor Face (Skt. ''Ulkamukha''), an ogre called Skillful Intellect (Skt. ''Matyaupayiha''), and a human being called Stainless Reputation (Skt. ''Vimalakirti''). Some sources mention the god Indra in place of Vimalakirti. Through their supernatural cognitive powers these five noble beings knew that the Buddha had passed away and then miraculously gathered at Mount Malaya.
dra ma lnga;five eminent beings;five eminent beings;The five eminent beings were a god called Renowned Chief Protector (Skt. ''Yasasvi Varapala''), a naga called Naga King Takshaka, a yaksha called Meteor Face (Skt. ''Ulkamukha''), an ogre called Skillful Intellect (Skt. ''Matyaupayiha''), and a human being called Stainless Reputation (Skt. ''Vimalakirti''). Some sources mention the god Indra in place of Vimalakirti. Through their supernatural cognitive powers these five noble beings knew that the Buddha had passed away and then miraculously gathered at Mount Malaya.
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Literally, "support of offering." Monuments often containing relics of Buddhist saints. Stupas are built according to universal principles of harmony and order. Often quite large, they focus and radiate healing energy throughout the six realms of existence.
mchod rten;stupa;Literally, "support of offering." Monuments often containing relics of Buddhist saints. Stupas are built according to universal principles of harmony and order. Often quite large, they focus and radiate healing energy throughout the six realms of existence.
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One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, who was a disciple of the prostitute Barani and the teacher of abbot Maharaja.
mkhan po rab snang;Abbot Rabnang;abbot rabnang;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, who was a disciple of the prostitute Barani and the teacher of abbot Maharaja.
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The world in which we live. Literally, "the Land of Rose Apples," the continent south of Mount Meru.
'dzam bu gling;Jambu continent;jambu continent;The world in which we live. Literally, "the Land of Rose Apples," the continent south of Mount Meru.
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A class of semi-divine beings, generally benevolent but sometimes wicked. Many are powerful local divinities; others live on Mount Sumeru, guarding the realm of the gods.
gnod sbyin;yaksha;A class of semi-divine beings, generally benevolent but sometimes wicked. Many are powerful local divinities;others live on Mount Sumeru, guarding the realm of the gods.
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Tantric deities that represent different aspects of enlightenment. Yidams may be peaceful or wrathful, male or female, and are meditated upon according to the nature and needs of the individual practitioner.
yid dam;Tantric deities that represent different aspects of enlightenment. Yidams may be peaceful or wrathful, male or female, and are meditated upon according to the nature and needs of the individual practitioner.
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A symbolic description of dharmakaya being like a single sphere because it is devoid of duality and limitation and defies all conceptual constructs that could be formed about it.
thig le nyag gcig;single sphere;single sphere;A symbolic description of dharmakaya being like a single sphere because it is devoid of duality and limitation and defies all conceptual constructs that could be formed about it.
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The second of the three categories of Mind Class tantras.
La bzla rgyal po'i skor;Resolving King's Cycle;resolving king's cycle;The second of the three categories of Mind Class tantras.
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The yogic art of being able to walk extremely fast, covering a huge distance in a short time through control of the inner currents of energy.
rkang mgyogs;speed walking,swift-footed;speed walking,swift-footed;The yogic art of being able to walk extremely fast, covering a huge distance in a short time through control of the inner currents of energy.
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The second division of the Mind Class, which emphasizes emptiness.
klong sde;Space Class;space class;The second division of the Mind Class, which emphasizes emptiness.
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The famous monastic university built at the birthplace of Shariputra some distance north of Bodhgaya in Bihar. Nalanda had a long and illustrious history, and many of the greatest masters of the Mahayana lived, studied, and taught there. It was destroyed in 1200 C.E.
na lan dra;Nalanda;The famous monastic university built at the birthplace of Shariputra some distance north of Bodhgaya in Bihar. Nalanda had a long and illustrious history, and many of the greatest masters of the Mahayana lived, studied, and taught there. It was destroyed in 1200 C.E.
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Steadfast Lion, the Muni of the animal realm. Also called Shravasimha.
seng ge rab rten;Shravasinha;Steadfast Lion, the Muni of the animal realm. Also called Shravasimha.
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One of the four classes of the ancient Indian social system, the warrior or royal caste.
rgyal rigs;kshatriya;One of the four classes of the ancient Indian social system, the warrior or royal caste.
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Vairotsana's companion on the journey to India. After receiving transmission from Shri Singha, he decided to return to Tibet but was killed by border guards. He reincarnated as Yudra Nyingpo in Tsawarong.
gtsang legs grub;Lekdrub of Tsang;lekdrub of tsang;Vairotsana's companion on the journey to India. After receiving transmission from Shri Singha, he decided to return to Tibet but was killed by border guards. He reincarnated as Yudra Nyingpo in Tsawarong.
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Thought-free, not held in mind, free of all discursive activity.
mi dmigs;nonconceptual;nonconceptual;Thought-free, not held in mind, free of all discursive activity.
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A text written by Manjushrimitra as a confession to Prahevajra, which is one of the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class.
rDo la gser zhun;Pure Gold on Stone;pure gold on stone;A text written by Manjushrimitra as a confession to Prahevajra, which is one of the Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class.
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The first of the three kayas, which is devoid of constructs, like space. The body of enlightened qualities. See three kayas.
chos sku;dharmakaya;The first of the three kayas, which is devoid of constructs, like space. The body of enlightened qualities. See three kayas.
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The Dzogchen Mind Class scriptures that were translated by Vairotsana.
sNga 'gyur lnga;Five Early Translations;five early translations;The Dzogchen Mind Class scriptures that were translated by Vairotsana.
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The teachings of Hinayana and Mahayana that regard the practices of the path as the causes for attaining the fruition of liberation and enlightenment.
rgyu mtshan nyid kyi bstan pa;causal philosophical teachings;causal philosophical teachings;The teachings of Hinayana and Mahayana that regard the practices of the path as the causes for attaining the fruition of liberation and enlightenment.
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The clarity or knowing aspect of the mind. Refers to being free from the darkness of unknowing and endowed with the ability to cognize.
'od gsal;luminosity;luminosity;prabhasvara;The clarity or knowing aspect of the mind. Refers to being free from the darkness of unknowing and endowed with the ability to cognize.
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Literally, "scent eater," a member of a class of nonhumans who are said to be nourished on smells. They are also a type of celestial musician living on the rim of Mount Meru in cloudlike castles. The metaphor "city of gandharvas" is used to point out the illusoriness of phenomena.
dri za;gandharva;Literally, "scent eater," a member of a class of nonhumans who are said to be nourished on smells. They are also a type of celestial musician living on the rim of Mount Meru in cloudlike castles. The metaphor "city of gandharvas" is used to point out the illusoriness of phenomena.
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One of the temples at Samye that was specifically used for translation. Samye was constructed according to the Buddhist view of the universe, with the main temple as Mount Meru and the surrounding temples like the four main continents, the eight subcontinents, and the sun and moon.
sgra 'gyur gling;Translation Hall;translation hall;One of the temples at Samye that was specifically used for translation. Samye was constructed according to the Buddhist view of the universe, with the main temple as Mount Meru and the surrounding temples like the four main continents, the eight subcontinents, and the sun and moon.
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Literally, "Ever-Excellent One." (1) Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, one of the eight close sons of the Buddha, renowned for his offerings emanated through the power of his concentration; (2) the primordial buddha who has never fallen into delusion and who is the symbol of awareness, the ever-present pure and luminous nature of the mind.
kun tu bzang po;Samantabhadra;Literally, "Ever-Excellent One." (1) Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, one of the eight close sons of the Buddha, renowned for his offerings emanated through the power of his concentration;(2) the primordial buddha who has never fallen into delusion and who is the symbol of awareness, the ever-present pure and luminous nature of the mind.
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Literally, "basket." A collection of scriptures.
snod;pitaka;Literally, "basket." A collection of scriptures.
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The first of the three divisions of Ati Yoga.
sems sde;Mind Class;mind class;The first of the three divisions of Ati Yoga.
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The oral lineage of the Nyingma school, the teachings translated chiefly during the period of Padmasambhava's stay in Tibet and transmitted from master to student until the present day.
bka' ma;Kahma;kahma;The oral lineage of the Nyingma school, the teachings translated chiefly during the period of Padmasambhava's stay in Tibet and transmitted from master to student until the present day.
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Member of the priestly caste of ancient India. This term often indicates hermits and spiritual practitioners. It should be noted that the Buddha rejected the caste system and proclaimed on several occasions that the true Brahmin is not someone so designated through an accident of birth, but one who has thoroughly overcome defilement and attained freedom. See caste.
bram ze;Brahmin;Member of the priestly caste of ancient India. This term often indicates hermits and spiritual practitioners. It should be noted that the Buddha rejected the caste system and proclaimed on several occasions that the true Brahmin is not someone so designated through an accident of birth, but one who has thoroughly overcome defilement and attained freedom. See caste.
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snga 'gyur;Early Translation;early translation;Refers to the Nyingma school.
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An emanation of Manjushri who was a minister of King Songtsen Gampo. Sent to India by Songtsen Gampo to study grammar and writing, on the basis of the Indian scripts he created the forms of the Tibetan letters and composed eight treatises on the Tibetan alphabet.
thon mi sam bho tra;Thonmi Sambhota;thonmi sambhota;An emanation of Manjushri who was a minister of King Songtsen Gampo. Sent to India by Songtsen Gampo to study grammar and writing, on the basis of the Indian scripts he created the forms of the Tibetan letters and composed eight treatises on the Tibetan alphabet.
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One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Naga King Nanda. She was the teacher of the prostitute Barani.
gnod sbyin mo byang chub ma;Yakshini Changchubma;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, who was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Naga King Nanda. She was the teacher of the prostitute Barani.
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The three main afflictions of attachment, hatred, and ignorance.
dug gsum;three poisons;three poisons;The three main afflictions of attachment, hatred, and ignorance.
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King of Oddiyana who found, fostered, and for a time protected Padmasambhava.
indra bhu ti;Indrabhuti;King of Oddiyana who found, fostered, and for a time protected Padmasambhava.
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Cool Grove, a sacred charnel ground to the northeast of Bodhgaya, which is inhabited by many dakinis and savage beings. It has a great stupa, which contains many special tantras in caskets that were hidden by the dakinis. Padmasambhava practiced ascetics there for many years. Garab Dorje also spent many years there teaching the dakinis, and it was there that Manjushrimitra met him.
sil bai' tshal;Sitavana;Cool Grove, a sacred charnel ground to the northeast of Bodhgaya, which is inhabited by many dakinis and savage beings. It has a great stupa, which contains many special tantras in caskets that were hidden by the dakinis. Padmasambhava practiced ascetics there for many years. Garab Dorje also spent many years there teaching the dakinis, and it was there that Manjushrimitra met him.
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Great Indian master of philosophy and a tantric siddha. He received the Lotus Speech tantras, which he accomplished and transmitted to Padmasambhava. He recovered the Prajnaparamita sutras from the land of the nagas and was the founder of the Madhyamaka philosophy. According to this text, he is a disciple of Dagnyima and the teacher of Kukkuraja.
klu grub;Nagarjuna;Great Indian master of philosophy and a tantric siddha. He received the Lotus Speech tantras, which he accomplished and transmitted to Padmasambhava. He recovered the Prajnaparamita sutras from the land of the nagas and was the founder of the Madhyamaka philosophy. According to this text, he is a disciple of Dagnyima and the teacher of Kukkuraja.
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One who has gained accomplishment through the practice of the Vajrayana.
grub thob;One who has gained accomplishment through the practice of the Vajrayana.
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Trainings in ethical discipline, concentration, and discriminating knowledge. The three trainings form the basis of the Buddhist path.
bslabs pa gsum;three trainings;three trainings;trishika;Trainings in ethical discipline, concentration, and discriminating knowledge. The three trainings form the basis of the Buddhist path.
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Literally "inconceivable." The first monastery in Tibet, it is located in the Tsangpo Valley southeast of Lhasa; built by King Trisong Deutsen, it was consecrated by Padmasambhava.
bsam yas;Samye;samye;Literally "inconceivable." The first monastery in Tibet, it is located in the Tsangpo Valley southeast of Lhasa;built by King Trisong Deutsen, it was consecrated by Padmasambhava.
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Either the paramita of transcendent wisdom, the knowledge of emptiness, or the collection of sutras belonging to the second turning of the Dharma wheel that expounds the doctrine of emptiness.
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa;prajnaparamita;Either the paramita of transcendent wisdom, the knowledge of emptiness, or the collection of sutras belonging to the second turning of the Dharma wheel that expounds the doctrine of emptiness.
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The innate nature of phenomena and mind; emptiness.
chos nyid;dharmata;The innate nature of phenomena and mind;emptiness.
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A Chinese Buddhist master who was invited to Tibet by King Songtsen Gampo. Also mentioned as one of the Chinese yogis that Vairotsana received teachings from in China.
ha shang;Hashang;hashang;A Chinese Buddhist master who was invited to Tibet by King Songtsen Gampo. Also mentioned as one of the Chinese yogis that Vairotsana received teachings from in China.
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The tantra of activity, which is the first of the three outer tantras. Kriya Tantra emphasizes ritual cleanliness — cleanliness of the mandala and the sacred substances — and physical cleanliness of the practitioner, who practices ablutions, changes clothes three times a day, and eats specific foods.
bya ba;Kriya;The tantra of activity, which is the first of the three outer tantras. Kriya Tantra emphasizes ritual cleanliness — cleanliness of the mandala and the sacred substances — and physical cleanliness of the practitioner, who practices ablutions, changes clothes three times a day, and eats specific foods.
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Resultant Vehicle of the Secret Mantra. The Secret Mantra system of taking the fruition as the path by regarding buddhahood as inherently present and the path as the act of uncovering one's basic state. This is different from the "causal philosophical vehicles" of Mahayana and Hinayana that regard the path as that which leads to and produces the state of buddhahood. Ultimately, these two approaches are not in conflict.
'bras bu'i theg pa;Resultant Vehicle;resultant vehicle;Resultant Vehicle of the Secret Mantra. The Secret Mantra system of taking the fruition as the path by regarding buddhahood as inherently present and the path as the act of uncovering one's basic state. This is different from the "causal philosophical vehicles" of Mahayana and Hinayana that regard the path as that which leads to and produces the state of buddhahood. Ultimately, these two approaches are not in conflict.
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Literally, "the Joyous." The name of the pure land of the thousand buddhas of this eon, inhabited only by bodhisattvas and buddhas. The heavenly realm in which Lord Maitreya resides awaiting his appearance in this world as the next Buddha.
dga' ldan;Tushita;Literally, "the Joyous." The name of the pure land of the thousand buddhas of this eon, inhabited only by bodhisattvas and buddhas. The heavenly realm in which Lord Maitreya resides awaiting his appearance in this world as the next Buddha.
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The direct introduction to the nature of mind that is given by the root guru and leads to the recognition of mind nature.
ngo sprod;pointing-out instruction;pointing-out instruction;The direct introduction to the nature of mind that is given by the root guru and leads to the recognition of mind nature.
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Deity riding a white yak, oath-bound by Padmasambhava. Also refers to a mountain in the Yarlung Valley of central Tibet, where the first king of Tibet is said to have descended from the sky.
yar lha sham po;Deity riding a white yak, oath-bound by Padmasambhava. Also refers to a mountain in the Yarlung Valley of central Tibet, where the first king of Tibet is said to have descended from the sky.
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dkar gsum;three whites;three whites;Curd, milk, and butter.
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Meditative absorption of different degrees.
bsam gtan;samadhi;Meditative absorption of different degrees.
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The world of desire, the world of form, and the world of formlessness.
khams gsum;three worlds;three worlds;The world of desire, the world of form, and the world of formlessness.
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Vairotsana's father, though some sources claim he was Vairotsana's uncle who adopted his nephew after the father died.
pa gor he 'dod;Pagor Hedo;pagor hedo;Vairotsana's father, though some sources claim he was Vairotsana's uncle who adopted his nephew after the father died.
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District between eastern Tibet and China.
rgyal mo tsha ba rong;Gyalmo Tsawarong;gyalmo tsawarong;District between eastern Tibet and China.
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Basic wakefulness that is independent of intellectual constructs.
rang byung ye shes;self-existing wisdom;self-existing wisdom;Basic wakefulness that is independent of intellectual constructs.
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The religion prevalent in Tibet before the establishment of Buddhism in the ninth century.
bon po;Bonpo;bonpo;The religion prevalent in Tibet before the establishment of Buddhism in the ninth century.
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bstan gnyis;two doctrines;two doctrines;The Hinayana and Mahayana doctrines.
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The two principal phases of tantric practice. The development stage (''bskyed rim'') involves meditation on sights, sounds, and thoughts as deities, mantras, and wisdom, respectively. The completion stage (''rdzogs rim'') refers to the dissolution of visualized forms into and the experience of emptiness. It also indicates meditation on the subtle channels, energies, and essential substances of the body. Development and completion may also refer to the first two inner tantras, Maha and Anu.
bskyed rdzogs;development and completion;development and completion;The two principal phases of tantric practice. The development stage (''bskyed rim'') involves meditation on sights, sounds, and thoughts as deities, mantras, and wisdom, respectively. The completion stage (''rdzogs rim'') refers to the dissolution of visualized forms into and the experience of emptiness. It also indicates meditation on the subtle channels, energies, and essential substances of the body. Development and completion may also refer to the first two inner tantras, Maha and Anu.
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The three main bodhisattvas: Samantabhadra, Avalokiteshvara, and Manjushri.
rigs gsum;three families;three families;The three main bodhisattvas: Samantabhadra, Avalokiteshvara, and Manjushri.
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tshogs gnyis;two accumulations;two accumulations;sambharadvaya;The accumulations of merit and wisdom.
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sems dpa rdo rje;Sattvavajra;Another name for Vajrapani.
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The mythological mountain at the center of our worldsystem surrounded by the four continents where the two lowest classes of gods of the world of desire live. It is encircled by chains of lesser mountains, lakes, continents, and oceans and is said to have an altitude of eighty-four thousand leagues above sea level.
ri rab;The mythological mountain at the center of our worldsystem surrounded by the four continents where the two lowest classes of gods of the world of desire live. It is encircled by chains of lesser mountains, lakes, continents, and oceans and is said to have an altitude of eighty-four thousand leagues above sea level.
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The widely renowned tantra of the Early Translation, which is the chief of the Eighteen Maha Yoga Tantras.
gSang ba'i snying po;Essence of Secrets;essence of secrets;Guhyagarbha;The widely renowned tantra of the Early Translation, which is the chief of the Eighteen Maha Yoga Tantras.
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One of the swift-footed border guards in India who became Vairotsana's friend.
ku ma ra;Kumara;One of the swift-footed border guards in India who became Vairotsana's friend.
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mngar gsum;three sweets;three sweets;Sugar, honey, and molasses.
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King Mangsong Mangtsen's son, who ruled Tibet 676-704.
'dus srong mang po rje;Dusong Mangpoje;dusong mangpoje;King Mangsong Mangtsen's son, who ruled Tibet 676-704.
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A mythical creature that is half man and half animal. Along with the gandharvas, the kinnaras are celebrated as celestial musicians.
mi 'am ci;kinnara;A mythical creature that is half man and half animal. Along with the gandharvas, the kinnaras are celebrated as celestial musicians.
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Reincarnation of Jamyang Chokyi Lodro, who was regarded as the greatest Tibetan master of the last century.
rdzongs gsar mkhyen brtse rin po che;Dzongsar Khyentse Rinpoche;dzongsar khyentse rinpoche;Reincarnation of Jamyang Chokyi Lodro, who was regarded as the greatest Tibetan master of the last century.
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One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, a disciple of Kukkuraja and the teacher of Dagnyima.
drang srong bha shi ta;Bhashita;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, a disciple of Kukkuraja and the teacher of Dagnyima.
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cags drel;Iron Mule;iron mule;A practice to accomplish speed walking.
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The hermitage of caves above Samye where Padmasambhava and many other great masters spent years in retreat.
chims phu;The hermitage of caves above Samye where Padmasambhava and many other great masters spent years in retreat.
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One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters; a disciple of Yakshini Changchubma and the teacher of the abbot Rabnang.
smad 'thong ma ba ra ni;prostitute Barani;prostitute barani;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters;a disciple of Yakshini Changchubma and the teacher of the abbot Rabnang.
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Diamond or vajra weapon; a symbol of indestructibility. Also represents skillful means or compassion. The vajra is frequently employed in tantric rituals in conjunction with the bell, which in turn symbolizes the wisdom of emptiness.
rdo rje;Diamond or vajra weapon;a symbol of indestructibility. Also represents skillful means or compassion. The vajra is frequently employed in tantric rituals in conjunction with the bell, which in turn symbolizes the wisdom of emptiness.
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Thirty-two major physical signs of realization (e.g., the ''ushnisha'', or crown protuberance) and eighty minor characteristics (e.g., copper-colored fingernails) that are typical of a buddha.
mtshan dang dpe byad;major and minor marks of a Buddha;major and minor marks of a buddha;Thirty-two major physical signs of realization (e.g., the ''ushnisha'', or crown protuberance) and eighty minor characteristics (e.g., copper-colored fingernails) that are typical of a buddha.
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One of the greatest masters and scholars of Indian Buddhism. He went to Tibet in the ninth century where he taught and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. He was one of the principal sources, together with Guru Padmasambhava, of the Dzogchen teachings in Tibet.
dri med bshes gnyen;Vimalamitra;One of the greatest masters and scholars of Indian Buddhism. He went to Tibet in the ninth century where he taught and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. He was one of the principal sources, together with Guru Padmasambhava, of the Dzogchen teachings in Tibet.
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The first of the three inner tantras. Maha Yoga scripture is divided into the Tantra Section and the Sadhana Section. The Tantra Section consists of the Eighteen Maha Yoga Tantras, and the Sadhana Section of the ''Eight Sadhana Teachings''. The Maha Yoga scriptures emphasize the means of the development stage and the view that liberation is attained by growing accustomed to insight into the nature of the indivisibility of the two truths.
rnal 'byor chen po;The first of the three inner tantras. Maha Yoga scripture is divided into the Tantra Section and the Sadhana Section. The Tantra Section consists of the Eighteen Maha Yoga Tantras, and the Sadhana Section of the ''Eight Sadhana Teachings''. The Maha Yoga scriptures emphasize the means of the development stage and the view that liberation is attained by growing accustomed to insight into the nature of the indivisibility of the two truths.
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The discriminating wisdoms resulting from hearing, contemplating, and practicing the teachings.
shes rab gsum;three kinds of wisdom;three kinds of wisdom;The discriminating wisdoms resulting from hearing, contemplating, and practicing the teachings.
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Famished spirits or hungry ghosts, one of the six classes of beings in samsara.
yi dvags;Famished spirits or hungry ghosts, one of the six classes of beings in samsara.
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A wrathful form of Manjushri, yidam of one of the Eight Sadhana Teachings of Maha Yoga.
gshin rje gshed;A wrathful form of Manjushri, yidam of one of the Eight Sadhana Teachings of Maha Yoga.
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Second human master in the lineage of the Great Perfection and the chief disciple of Prahevajra. He divided the Dzogchen teachings into the Mind Class, the Space Class, and the Instruction Class.
'jam dpal gshad snyan;Manjushrimitra;Second human master in the lineage of the Great Perfection and the chief disciple of Prahevajra. He divided the Dzogchen teachings into the Mind Class, the Space Class, and the Instruction Class.
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A billionfold cosmic system of worlds, each of which comprises a Mount Meru and four cosmic continents.
stong gsum;three-thousandfold world;three-thousandfold world;A billionfold cosmic system of worlds, each of which comprises a Mount Meru and four cosmic continents.
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Awakened state of mind. Can refer to the aspiration to attain enlightenment for the sake of all beings or, in the context of Dzogchen, the innate awareness of awakened mind.
byang chub,byang chub kyi sems;bodhichitta;Awakened state of mind. Can refer to the aspiration to attain enlightenment for the sake of all beings or, in the context of Dzogchen, the innate awareness of awakened mind.
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One of Yudra Nyingpo's main disciples who became a lineage holder.
rgya blo gros gzhon nu;Gya Lodro Shonnu;gya lodro shonnu;One of Yudra Nyingpo's main disciples who became a lineage holder.
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A discourse or teaching by the Buddha. Also refers to all the causal teachings that regard the path as the cause of enlightenment.
mdo;sutra;A discourse or teaching by the Buddha. Also refers to all the causal teachings that regard the path as the cause of enlightenment.
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A branch of the Great Vehicle that uses the special techniques of the tantras to traverse the path of enlightenment more rapidly for all beings.
gsang ngags;Secret Mantra;secret mantra;A branch of the Great Vehicle that uses the special techniques of the tantras to traverse the path of enlightenment more rapidly for all beings.
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A sphere or dimension manifested by a buddha or great bodhisattva in which beings may abide and progress toward enlightenment without ever falling back into lower states of existence. Also, any place seen as the pure manifestation of spontaneous wisdom is a buddha-field.
zhing khams;buddha-field;buddha-field;A sphere or dimension manifested by a buddha or great bodhisattva in which beings may abide and progress toward enlightenment without ever falling back into lower states of existence. Also, any place seen as the pure manifestation of spontaneous wisdom is a buddha-field.
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Accomplishment is described as either supreme or common. Supreme accomplishment is the attainment of buddhahood. Common accomplishments are the miraculous powers acquired in the course of spiritual training. The attainment of these powers, which are similar in kind to those acquired by the practitioners of some non-Buddhist traditions, are not regarded as ends in themselves. When they arise, however, they are taken as signs of progress on the path and are employed for the benefit of the teachings and disciples.
dngos grub;accomplishment;accomplishment;siddhi;Accomplishment is described as either supreme or common. Supreme accomplishment is the attainment of buddhahood. Common accomplishments are the miraculous powers acquired in the course of spiritual training. The attainment of these powers, which are similar in kind to those acquired by the practitioners of some non-Buddhist traditions, are not regarded as ends in themselves. When they arise, however, they are taken as signs of progress on the path and are employed for the benefit of the teachings and disciples.
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Literally, "treasures." The transmission through concealed treasures hidden by Guru Rinpoche and Yeshe Tsogyal that are to be revealed at the proper time by a treasure revealer for the benefit of future disciples. It is one of the two chief traditions of the Nyingma school, the other being the Kahma tradition. This tradition is said to continue even long after the Vinaya of the Buddha will have disappeared.
gter ma;terma;terma;Literally, "treasures." The transmission through concealed treasures hidden by Guru Rinpoche and Yeshe Tsogyal that are to be revealed at the proper time by a treasure revealer for the benefit of future disciples. It is one of the two chief traditions of the Nyingma school, the other being the Kahma tradition. This tradition is said to continue even long after the Vinaya of the Buddha will have disappeared.
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This refers to compassion, the counterpart of the wisdom of emptiness. By extension, it refers to all kinds of action and training performed with the attitude of bodhichitta.
thabs;skillful means;skillful means;upaya;This refers to compassion, the counterpart of the wisdom of emptiness. By extension, it refers to all kinds of action and training performed with the attitude of bodhichitta.
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Female treasure revealer. She was an emanation of Yeshe Tsogyal, the main consort of Padmasambhava, and was one of the wives of the great ''terton'' Guru Chowang (1212-70). She rediscovered one version of the ''Great Image''.
jo mo sman mo;Jomo Menmo;jomo menmo;Female treasure revealer. She was an emanation of Yeshe Tsogyal, the main consort of Padmasambhava, and was one of the wives of the great ''terton'' Guru Chowang (1212-70). She rediscovered one version of the ''Great Image''.
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Relative truth and absolute truth. Relative truth describes the seeming, superficial, and apparent mode of all things. Absolute truth describes the real, true, and unmistaken mode.
bden gnyis;two truths;two truths;Relative truth and absolute truth. Relative truth describes the seeming, superficial, and apparent mode of all things. Absolute truth describes the real, true, and unmistaken mode.
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One of the eight accomplished masters that gathered at the Sitavana charnel ground and received from the dakini Mahakarmendrani a casket containing the transmitted precepts of Maha Yoga. Shantigarbha received the casket containing the Malign Mantra and attained the accomplishment. He was invited to Tibet by Trisong Deutsen and propagated the Yamari cycle of teachings.
zhi ba'i snying po;Shantigarbha;One of the eight accomplished masters that gathered at the Sitavana charnel ground and received from the dakini Mahakarmendrani a casket containing the transmitted precepts of Maha Yoga. Shantigarbha received the casket containing the Malign Mantra and attained the accomplishment. He was invited to Tibet by Trisong Deutsen and propagated the Yamari cycle of teachings.
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Literally, "one who has gone to and proceeds in bliss," an epithet of the buddhas.
bde bar gshegs pa;sugata;Literally, "one who has gone to and proceeds in bliss," an epithet of the buddhas.
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One of the Indian lineage masters of Dzogchen; a disciple of Devaraja and the teacher of Shri Singha.
bhu ta kug ta;One of the Indian lineage masters of Dzogchen;a disciple of Devaraja and the teacher of Shri Singha.
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A fabulous jewel that fulfills all wishes that is found in the realms of the gods or nagas. The Buddha, one's master, and the nature of mind are often referred to as wish-fulfilling gems.
yid bzhin nor bu;wish-fulfilling gem;wish-fulfilling gem;chintamani;A fabulous jewel that fulfills all wishes that is found in the realms of the gods or nagas. The Buddha, one's master, and the nature of mind are often referred to as wish-fulfilling gems.
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According to the Buddhist tradition, a class of beings that is superior to humans, which although not immortal enjoy immense power, bliss, and longevity. The term is also used to refer to powerful spirits as well as to the deities visualized in tantric meditation, which are not to be understood as "gods" in the ordinary sense of the word.
lha;gods;gods;deva;According to the Buddhist tradition, a class of beings that is superior to humans, which although not immortal enjoy immense power, bliss, and longevity. The term is also used to refer to powerful spirits as well as to the deities visualized in tantric meditation, which are not to be understood as "gods" in the ordinary sense of the word.
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A magical tree that has its roots in the asura, or demi-god, realm but bears its fruit in the divine sphere of the Thirty-three.
dpag bsam gyi shing;wish-fulfilling tree;wish-fulfilling tree;A magical tree that has its roots in the asura, or demi-god, realm but bears its fruit in the divine sphere of the Thirty-three.
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Names of dakinis residing in the cemeteries.
tsa mun shri,tsa mun tri,nam gru ma;Names of dakinis residing in the cemeteries.
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Demi-god, one of the six classes of beings in samsara. The asuras are usually considered to be similar to the gods with whom they are sometimes classified. Their dominant emotional characteristic is envy, and they are constantly at war with the gods, of whom they are jealous.
lha min;asura;Demi-god, one of the six classes of beings in samsara. The asuras are usually considered to be similar to the gods with whom they are sometimes classified. Their dominant emotional characteristic is envy, and they are constantly at war with the gods, of whom they are jealous.
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The third section of the Tripitaka (the other two sections are Vinaya and Sutra). Systematic teachings on metaphysics, focusing on the training of discriminating knowledge by analyzing elements of experience and investigating the nature of existing things.
mngon pa;Abhidharma;The third section of the Tripitaka (the other two sections are Vinaya and Sutra). Systematic teachings on metaphysics, focusing on the training of discriminating knowledge by analyzing elements of experience and investigating the nature of existing things.
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The dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, and nirmanakaya as well as the svabhavikakaya, the kaya of the nature as it is, which represents the in separability of the first three
sku bzhi;four kayas;four kayas;The dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, and nirmanakaya as well as the svabhavikakaya, the kaya of the nature as it is, which represents the in separability of the first three
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A transcendent perfection or virtue, the practice of which leads to buddhahood and, therefore, forms the practice of bodhisattvas. There are six paramitas: generosity, ethical discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and wisdom.
pha rol tu phyin pa;paramita;A transcendent perfection or virtue, the practice of which leads to buddhahood and, therefore, forms the practice of bodhisattvas. There are six paramitas: generosity, ethical discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and wisdom.
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Twofold division of the religious community: ordained renunciates who shave their head and wear red and yellow robes, and Vajrayana practitioners who are not celibate, wear white robes, and grow their hair long.
dge bdun sde gnyis;two types of Sangha;two types of sangha;Twofold division of the religious community: ordained renunciates who shave their head and wear red and yellow robes, and Vajrayana practitioners who are not celibate, wear white robes, and grow their hair long.
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One the seven men to be tested, the first seven monks ordained by Shantarakshita. Another of the twenty-five close disciples of Padmasambhava. According to the ''Chronicles'', Kawa Paltsek was sent to India with Chokro Lui Gyaltsen, not Khon Lui Wangpo, to invite Vimalamitra to Tibet.
'khon klu'i dbang po;Khon Lui Wangpo;khon lui wangpo;One the seven men to be tested, the first seven monks ordained by Shantarakshita. Another of the twenty-five close disciples of Padmasambhava. According to the ''Chronicles'', Kawa Paltsek was sent to India with Chokro Lui Gyaltsen, not Khon Lui Wangpo, to invite Vimalamitra to Tibet.
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Method of accomplishment. A tantric meditative practice involving visualization of deities and the recitation of mantra.
sgrub thabs;sadhana;Method of accomplishment. A tantric meditative practice involving visualization of deities and the recitation of mantra.
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Action, the unerring law of cause and effect according to which all experiences are the result of previous actions and all actions are the seeds of future existential situations. Actions resulting in the experience of happiness are defined as virtuous; actions that give rise to suffering are described as nonvirtuous.
las;karma;Action, the unerring law of cause and effect according to which all experiences are the result of previous actions and all actions are the seeds of future existential situations. Actions resulting in the experience of happiness are defined as virtuous;actions that give rise to suffering are described as nonvirtuous.
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The five wisdoms of buddhahood corresponding to the five buddha families: mirror-like wisdom (Vajra family), wisdom of equality (Ratna, or Jewel family), all-discerning wisdom (Padma, or Lotus family), all-accomplishing wisdom (Karma, or Action family) and wisdom of dharmadhatu (Tathagata family). They represent five distinctive functions of our enlightened essence.
ye shes lnga;five wisdoms;five wisdoms;panchajnana;The five wisdoms of buddhahood corresponding to the five buddha families: mirror-like wisdom (Vajra family), wisdom of equality (Ratna, or Jewel family), all-discerning wisdom (Padma, or Lotus family), all-accomplishing wisdom (Karma, or Action family) and wisdom of dharmadhatu (Tathagata family). They represent five distinctive functions of our enlightened essence.
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King Songtsen Gampo's son, who ruled Tibet for a few years but died at the age of nineteen.
gung srong gung btsan;Gungsong Gungtsen;gungsong gungtsen;King Songtsen Gampo's son, who ruled Tibet for a few years but died at the age of nineteen.
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longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku;sambhogakaya;Body of enjoyment.
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The tantras belonging to the three vehicles of Kriya, Upa, and Yoga.
phyi rgyud;outer tantras;outer tantras;The tantras belonging to the three vehicles of Kriya, Upa, and Yoga.
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The ambrosia of the gods that confers immortality or other powers.
'bdud rtsi;nectar;nectar;amrita;The ambrosia of the gods that confers immortality or other powers.
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Literally, "which is not below"; the Unexcelled Buddha-field. In general, the highest of all buddha-fields. According to the Vajrayana, the place where bodhisattvas attain final buddhahood. There are, in fact, six levels of Akanishta, ranging from the highest heaven of the form realm up to the ultimate pure land of the dharmakaya.
'og min;Akanishta;Literally, "which is not below";the Unexcelled Buddha-field. In general, the highest of all buddha-fields. According to the Vajrayana, the place where bodhisattvas attain final buddhahood. There are, in fact, six levels of Akanishta, ranging from the highest heaven of the form realm up to the ultimate pure land of the dharmakaya.
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The authentic point of view, the actual knowledge and experience of the natural state.
lta ba;view;view;dristi;The authentic point of view, the actual knowledge and experience of the natural state.
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One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters who was a disciple of Princess Gomadevi and the teacher of Kukkuraja the Elder.
a tsan tra a lo ke;Atsantra Aloke;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters who was a disciple of Princess Gomadevi and the teacher of Kukkuraja the Elder.
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Red Ornament. This queen was the senior consort of Trisong Deutsen and bore him three sons. According to some sources, she poisoned her son Mune Tsenpo when he came to power because he married his father's younger consort Phoyongza. She was in favor of the Bon tradition and openly hostile to Buddhist teachers.
mar rgyan;Margyen;margyen;Red Ornament. This queen was the senior consort of Trisong Deutsen and bore him three sons. According to some sources, she poisoned her son Mune Tsenpo when he came to power because he married his father's younger consort Phoyongza. She was in favor of the Bon tradition and openly hostile to Buddhist teachers.
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The result of the path; the state of perfect enlightenment.
'bras bu;fruition;fruition;phala;The result of the path;the state of perfect enlightenment.
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The four cardinal and intermediary directions, together with the zenith and nadir.
phyogs bcu;ten directions;ten directions;The four cardinal and intermediary directions, together with the zenith and nadir.
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The potential for buddhahood, the luminous and empty nature of the mind.
bde gshegs snying po;sugatagarbha;The potential for buddhahood, the luminous and empty nature of the mind.
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The absolute expanse; emptiness pervaded with awareness.
chos dbyings;dharmadhatu;The absolute expanse;emptiness pervaded with awareness.
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Literally, "foe-destroyer," one who has vanquished the enemies of conflicting emotion and realized the nonexistence of the personal self, thus being forever free from the sufferings of samsara. Arhatship is the goal of the teachings of the Fundamental Vehicle, or Hinayana.
dgra bcom pa;arhat;Literally, "foe-destroyer," one who has vanquished the enemies of conflicting emotion and realized the nonexistence of the personal self, thus being forever free from the sufferings of samsara. Arhatship is the goal of the teachings of the Fundamental Vehicle, or Hinayana.
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gtsang po;Brahmaputra;Tsangpo;tsangpo;The river flowing past Samye.
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The Great Vehicle. The characteristic of Mahayana is the profound view of the emptiness of the ego and of all phenomena coupled with universal compassion and the desire to deliver all beings from suffering and its causes.
theg pa chen po;The Great Vehicle. The characteristic of Mahayana is the profound view of the emptiness of the ego and of all phenomena coupled with universal compassion and the desire to deliver all beings from suffering and its causes.
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The river valley of Gyalmo Tsawarong in the far east of Kham.
tsha ba rong;Tsawarong;tsawarong;The river valley of Gyalmo Tsawarong in the far east of Kham.
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In the aspect of ultimate truth, all phenomena are devoid of an independent, concrete identity, and therefore, they ultimately do not come into being, abide in time and place, or cease to exist.
skye ba med pa;nonarising;nonarising;In the aspect of ultimate truth, all phenomena are devoid of an independent, concrete identity, and therefore, they ultimately do not come into being, abide in time and place, or cease to exist.
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The commitment established between the master and disciples on whom empowerment is conferred.
dam tshig;samaya;The commitment established between the master and disciples on whom empowerment is conferred.
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Instructions explaining the most profound points of practice in a condensed and direct way.
man ngag;pith instructions;pith instructions;upadesha;Instructions explaining the most profound points of practice in a condensed and direct way.
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Nine subdivisions of the Space Class teachings of the Great Perfection.
klong dgu;Ninefold Expanse;ninefold expanse;Nine subdivisions of the Space Class teachings of the Great Perfection.
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The main buddha of the Tathagata family, which corresponds to the aggregate of form.
rnam par snang mdzad;Vairochana;The main buddha of the Tathagata family, which corresponds to the aggregate of form.
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This refers to the ten stages of a noble bodhisattva's development into a fully enlightened buddha. On each stage more subtle defilements are purified and a further degree of enlightened qualities is manifested.
sa bcu;ten levels;ten levels;This refers to the ten stages of a noble bodhisattva's development into a fully enlightened buddha. On each stage more subtle defilements are purified and a further degree of enlightened qualities is manifested.
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The third division of Ati Yoga, as arranged by Manjushrimitra.
man ngag gi sde;Instruction Class;instruction class;The third division of Ati Yoga, as arranged by Manjushrimitra.
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The ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of all phenomena; the state beyond all conceptual constructs, which can be known only by primordial wisdom and in a manner that transcends duality.
don dam;absolute truth;absolute truth;The ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of all phenomena;the state beyond all conceptual constructs, which can be known only by primordial wisdom and in a manner that transcends duality.
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A set of Dzogchen tantras taught by Shri Singha to Vairotsana and Tsang Lekdrub, of which the first five were translated by Vairotsana before his exile to Tsawarong and the remaining thirteen were later translated by Vimalamitra and Yudra Nyingpo.
Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class
Sems sde bco brgyad;Eighteen Major Scriptures of the Mind Class;eighteen major scriptures of the mind class;A set of Dzogchen tantras taught by Shri Singha to Vairotsana and Tsang Lekdrub, of which the first five were translated by Vairotsana before his exile to Tsawarong and the remaining thirteen were later translated by Vimalamitra and Yudra Nyingpo.
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In Chinese, Wutaishan. A place in eastern China sacred to Manjushri, where Vimalamitra is supposed to reside.
ri bo rtse lnga;Five-Peaked Mountain;five-peaked mountain;In Chinese, Wutaishan. A place in eastern China sacred to Manjushri, where Vimalamitra is supposed to reside.
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Progress toward enlightenment is described, in both the Mahayana and Hinayana, in terms of the five paths of accumulation, joining, seeing, meditation, and no more learning. The first four constitute the path of learning, whereas the path of no more learning is buddhahood.
lam;path;path;marga;Progress toward enlightenment is described, in both the Mahayana and Hinayana, in terms of the five paths of accumulation, joining, seeing, meditation, and no more learning. The first four constitute the path of learning, whereas the path of no more learning is buddhahood.
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spyod rgyud;Upa Tantra;The second of the three outer tantras.
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Of the nine vehicles these are the first eight, which depend on cause and effect. The nine vehicles comprise the three vehicles of the sutras — those of the shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas — and the six vehicles of Kriya, Upa, Yoga, Maha Yoga, Anu Yoga, and Ati Yoga tantras. They can also be grouped into three vehicles: Hinayana, which includes the first two; Mahayana, the third one; and Vajrayana, the last six.
theg pa brgyad;eight vehicles;eight vehicles;Of the nine vehicles these are the first eight, which depend on cause and effect. The nine vehicles comprise the three vehicles of the sutras — those of the shravakas, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas — and the six vehicles of Kriya, Upa, Yoga, Maha Yoga, Anu Yoga, and Ati Yoga tantras. They can also be grouped into three vehicles: Hinayana, which includes the first two;Mahayana, the third one;and Vajrayana, the last six.
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The thirtieth chapter (volume ''ka'') of the ''All-Creating Monarch Tantra'', which is the fundamental tantra of the Dzogchen Mind Class scriptures. It is said that Prahevajra recited this after he was born. Also called ''Vajrasattva, Great Space Tantra''.
rDo rje sems dpa' nam kha' che;Great Space Vajrasattva;great space vajrasattva;The thirtieth chapter (volume ''ka'') of the ''All-Creating Monarch Tantra'', which is the fundamental tantra of the Dzogchen Mind Class scriptures. It is said that Prahevajra recited this after he was born. Also called ''Vajrasattva, Great Space Tantra''.
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ma ga dha;Magadha;Present-day Bihar, in central India.
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A solitary bird that always dwells apart from others.
ka lan ta ha;kalantaka;A solitary bird that always dwells apart from others.
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(609-49) An emanation of Avalokiteshvara who was the second Dharma king of Tibet and the fifth hereditary king after Lha Thothori Nyenshel. He married two Buddhist princesses, Bhrikuti of Nepal and Wen Cheng of China. He built the first Buddhist temples, established a code of laws based on Dharma principles, developed the Tibetan script with the help of his minister Thonmi Sambhota, and began the translation of Buddhist texts into Tibetan.
srong btsan sgam po;Songtsen Gampo;songtsen gampo;(609-49) An emanation of Avalokiteshvara who was the second Dharma king of Tibet and the fifth hereditary king after Lha Thothori Nyenshel. He married two Buddhist princesses, Bhrikuti of Nepal and Wen Cheng of China. He built the first Buddhist temples, established a code of laws based on Dharma principles, developed the Tibetan script with the help of his minister Thonmi Sambhota, and began the translation of Buddhist texts into Tibetan.
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Born in 374 C.E., he was the first Dharma king of Tibet and the twenty-eighth hereditary king. He was also an emanation of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra. Also known as Lha Thothori Nyentsen.
lha tho tho ri snyan shal;Lha Thothori Nyenshel;lha thothori nyenshel;Born in 374 C.E., he was the first Dharma king of Tibet and the twenty-eighth hereditary king. He was also an emanation of the bodhisattva Samantabhadra. Also known as Lha Thothori Nyentsen.
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dam can;vow-holder;vow-holder;Oath-bound guardians and dharmapalas.
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A master of Nalanda University and the ordaining abbot of Shantarakshita. He was an exponent of the "upper school" of Svatantrika Madhyamaka and the author of the celebrated ''Two Truths of the Middle Way''.
ye shes snying po;Jnanagarbha;A master of Nalanda University and the ordaining abbot of Shantarakshita. He was an exponent of the "upper school" of Svatantrika Madhyamaka and the author of the celebrated ''Two Truths of the Middle Way''.
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Buddha-nature; the essence of enlightenment present in all sentient beings.
de gshegs snying po;Buddha-nature;the essence of enlightenment present in all sentient beings.
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Powerful, long-living serpent-like beings dwelling in water domains and often guarding great treasures. Nagas belong half to the animal realm and half to the god realm. They generally live in the form of snakes, but many can change into human form.
klu;naga;Powerful, long-living serpent-like beings dwelling in water domains and often guarding great treasures. Nagas belong half to the animal realm and half to the god realm. They generally live in the form of snakes, but many can change into human form.
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The ordinary perception of unenlightened beings. The apprehension of phenomena in terms of subject and object and the belief in their true existence.
nyis 'dzin,gzung 'dzin;duality;duality;The ordinary perception of unenlightened beings. The apprehension of phenomena in terms of subject and object and the belief in their true existence.
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The first Buddhist text that appeared in Tibet, which fell on to the roof of King Lha Thothori Nyensheľs palace during the fifth century and was translated by Thonmi Sambhota.
Sutra of a Hundredfold Homage for Amendment of Breaches
dpang skong phyag brgya pa'i mdo;Sutra of a Hundredfold Homage for Amendment of Breaches;sutra of a hundredfold homage for amendment of breaches;Sakshipuranasudraka-sutra;The first Buddhist text that appeared in Tibet, which fell on to the roof of King Lha Thothori Nyensheľs palace during the fifth century and was translated by Thonmi Sambhota.
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The chief disciple and successor of Manjushrimitra in the lineage of the Dzogchen teachings. He extracted the tantras that had been concealed in Bodhgaya and went to China, where he classified the Ati Yoga Instruction Class into four cycles: outer, inner, secret, and innermost secret. His main disciples were Jnanasutra, Vimalamitra, Padmasambhava, and Vairotsana.
shri sing ha;Shri Singha;The chief disciple and successor of Manjushrimitra in the lineage of the Dzogchen teachings. He extracted the tantras that had been concealed in Bodhgaya and went to China, where he classified the Ati Yoga Instruction Class into four cycles: outer, inner, secret, and innermost secret. His main disciples were Jnanasutra, Vimalamitra, Padmasambhava, and Vairotsana.
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Literally, "the state beyond suffering." This term indicates the various levels of enlightenment attainable in both the Hinayana and Mahayana.
myang ngan 'das;nirvana;Literally, "the state beyond suffering." This term indicates the various levels of enlightenment attainable in both the Hinayana and Mahayana.
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The ability to discern correctly, the understanding of emptiness.
shes rab;wisdom (1);wisdom (1);prajna;The ability to discern correctly, the understanding of emptiness.
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Place near Rajgir in Bihar, central India, where the Buddha taught.
bya rgod phung po'i ri;Vulture Peak;vulture peak;Place near Rajgir in Bihar, central India, where the Buddha taught.
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Literally, "solitary buddha." One who attains the cessation of suffering without relying on a teacher by meditating on the twelve links of dependent arising. Though realizing the emptiness of perceived phenomena, they lack the complete realization of a buddha and so cannot benefit limitless beings.
rang sangs rgyas;pratyekabuddha;Literally, "solitary buddha." One who attains the cessation of suffering without relying on a teacher by meditating on the twelve links of dependent arising. Though realizing the emptiness of perceived phenomena, they lack the complete realization of a buddha and so cannot benefit limitless beings.
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bha ga li'i lo;Bengali year;bengali year;A period of six months.
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One of the Indian lineage masters of the Dzogchen teachings, who was a disciple of Manjushri Bhadra and the teacher of Buddhagupta.
bde wa ra dza;Devaraja;One of the Indian lineage masters of the Dzogchen teachings, who was a disciple of Manjushri Bhadra and the teacher of Buddhagupta.
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Sublime or noble one, one who has transcended samsaric existence. There are four classes of sublime beings: arhats, pratyekabuddhas, bodhisattvas, and buddhas.
'phags pa;arya;Sublime or noble one, one who has transcended samsaric existence. There are four classes of sublime beings: arhats, pratyekabuddhas, bodhisattvas, and buddhas.
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King Dhahena Talo's daughter, who was one of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters. She was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Rajahasti and was the teacher of Naga King Nanda.
sras mo pa ra ni;Princess Parani;princess parani;King Dhahena Talo's daughter, who was one of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters. She was a direct disciple of Prahevajra and Rajahasti and was the teacher of Naga King Nanda.
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Essentially a concentration in which the mind remains focused on an object of concentration. It is a state of calm abiding, which, though of great importance, is incapable unto itself of overcoming ignorance and the conception of a self.
zhi gnas;shamatha;Essentially a concentration in which the mind remains focused on an object of concentration. It is a state of calm abiding, which, though of great importance, is incapable unto itself of overcoming ignorance and the conception of a self.
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World age; cosmic cycle. A great kalpa corresponds to a cycle of formation and destruction of a universe and is divided into eighty intermediate kalpas. An intermediate kalpa is composed of one small kalpa during which life span, etc., increase and one small kalpa during which they decrease.
bskal pa;eon;eon;kalpa;World age;cosmic cycle. A great kalpa corresponds to a cycle of formation and destruction of a universe and is divided into eighty intermediate kalpas. An intermediate kalpa is composed of one small kalpa during which life span, etc., increase and one small kalpa during which they decrease.
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The expedient meaning refers to conventional teachings on the Four Noble Truths, karma, path, and result, which are designed to lead the practitioner to the definitive meaning, the insight into emptiness, suchness, and buddha-nature.
drang don dang nges don;expedient and definitive meanings;expedient and definitive meanings;neyartha,nitharta;The expedient meaning refers to conventional teachings on the Four Noble Truths, karma, path, and result, which are designed to lead the practitioner to the definitive meaning, the insight into emptiness, suchness, and buddha-nature.
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Vairotsana's birthplace near Uyuk in the Nyemo area.
snye mo bye dkar;Vairotsana's birthplace near Uyuk in the Nyemo area.
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One of the eight classes of gods and demons. Also refers to the cannibal savages inhabiting the southwestern continent of Chamara. At times ''raksha'' refers to the unruly and untamed expression of ignorance and disturbing emotions.
srin po;ogre;ogre;raksha;One of the eight classes of gods and demons. Also refers to the cannibal savages inhabiting the southwestern continent of Chamara. At times ''raksha'' refers to the unruly and untamed expression of ignorance and disturbing emotions.
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Tibetan term for a highly realized spiritual teacher. In colloquial language it is sometimes used as a polite way of addressing a monk.
bla ma;guru;lama;lama;Tibetan term for a highly realized spiritual teacher. In colloquial language it is sometimes used as a polite way of addressing a monk.
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Manifested body. The third of the three kayas. The aspect of enlightenment that can be perceived by ordinary beings.
sprul sku;nirmanakaya;Manifested body. The third of the three kayas. The aspect of enlightenment that can be perceived by ordinary beings.
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One of the eight main bodhisattvas who personifies the perfection of transcendent knowledge.
'jam dpal dyangs;Manjushri;One of the eight main bodhisattvas who personifies the perfection of transcendent knowledge.
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In Maha Yoga, the samadhi of suchness, the all-illuminating samadhi, and the samadhi of the seed syllable.
ting nge 'dzin gsum;three samadhis;three samadhis;In Maha Yoga, the samadhi of suchness, the all-illuminating samadhi, and the samadhi of the seed syllable.
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Name given to the great sages of Indian mythology, who were endowed with great longevity and magical powers and were instrumental in the creation, or reception, of the Vedas. In the Buddhist context, this word is usually translated as sage, hermit, or saint.
drang srong;rishi;Name given to the great sages of Indian mythology, who were endowed with great longevity and magical powers and were instrumental in the creation, or reception, of the Vedas. In the Buddhist context, this word is usually translated as sage, hermit, or saint.
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Refers to the teachings of Maha Yoga, Anu Yoga, and Ati Yoga, respectively. Can also refer to the three categories of the fundamental scriptures of Dzogchen.
rgyud lung man ngag;tantras,scriptures,and instructions;tantras,scriptures,and instructions;Refers to the teachings of Maha Yoga, Anu Yoga, and Ati Yoga, respectively. Can also refer to the three categories of the fundamental scriptures of Dzogchen.
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Dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, and nirmanakaya. The three kayas as ground are "essence, nature, and expression," as path they are "bliss, clarity, and nonthought," and as fruition they are the "three kayas of buddhahood." See Jive kayas.
sku gsum;three kayas;three kayas;Dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, and nirmanakaya. The three kayas as ground are "essence, nature, and expression," as path they are "bliss, clarity, and nonthought," and as fruition they are the "three kayas of buddhahood." See Jive kayas.
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(1910-91) Treasure revealer who was regarded by followers of all the four schools as one of the greatest Tibetan masters of the last century.
ldil mgo mkhyen brtse rin po che;Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche;dilgo khyentse rinpoche;(1910-91) Treasure revealer who was regarded by followers of all the four schools as one of the greatest Tibetan masters of the last century.
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The place where the Lord of Secrets taught the Secret Mantra to the five noble beings, situated on present-day Sri Lanka. It is now known as Adam's Peak.
ri ma la ya;Mount Malaya;mount malaya;Malayagiri;The place where the Lord of Secrets taught the Secret Mantra to the five noble beings, situated on present-day Sri Lanka. It is now known as Adam's Peak.
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An abbot from Oddiyana who was one of the Dzogchen lineage masters. He was a disciple of Rabnang and the teacher of Princess Gomadevi.
ma ha ra dza;Maharaja;An abbot from Oddiyana who was one of the Dzogchen lineage masters. He was a disciple of Rabnang and the teacher of Princess Gomadevi.
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One of the four root tantras of Anu Yoga.
Scripture of the Embodiment of Realization
mDo dgongs 'dus;Scripture of the Embodiment of Realization;scripture of the embodiment of realization;One of the four root tantras of Anu Yoga.
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The buddha who embodies the hundred families. The practice of Vajrasattva and recitation of his hundred-syllable mantra are the most effective methods for purifying negative actions. In the Ati Yoga lineage he is the sambhogakaya buddha.
rdo rje sems dpa';The buddha who embodies the hundred families. The practice of Vajrasattva and recitation of his hundred-syllable mantra are the most effective methods for purifying negative actions. In the Ati Yoga lineage he is the sambhogakaya buddha.
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The Fully Awakened One, a being who has removed the emotional and cognitive veils and is endowed with all enlightened qualities of realization.
sangs rgyas;Buddha;The Fully Awakened One, a being who has removed the emotional and cognitive veils and is endowed with all enlightened qualities of realization.
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In each of the six realms of beings, an emanation of the tathagatas acts on behalf of the beings of that realm.
thub pa drug;Six Munis;six munis;In each of the six realms of beings, an emanation of the tathagatas acts on behalf of the beings of that realm.
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The transference of wisdom power from the master to disciples that authorizes and enables them to engage in a practice and reap its fruit. There are four levels of tantric empowerment. The first is the vase empowerment, which purifies the defilements and obscurations associated with the body, grants the blessings of the vajra body, authorizes the disciples to practice the yogas of the development stage, and enables them to attain the nirmanakaya. The second is the secret empowerment. This purifies the defilements and obscurations of the speech faculty, grants the blessings of vajra speech, authorizes disciples to practice the yogas of the perfection stage, and enables them to attain the sambhogakaya. The third is the wisdom empowerment, which purifies the defilements and obscurations associated with the mind, grants the blessings of the vajra mind, authorizes disciples to practice the yogas of the skillful path, and enables them to attain the dharmakaya. The final empowerment, which is often simply referred to as the fourth initiation, is the word empowerment. This purifies the defilements of body, speech, and mind and all karmic and cognitive obscurations; it grants the blessings of primordial wisdom, authorizes disciples to engage in the practice of Dzogchen, and enables them to attain the svabhavikakaya.
dbang;four empowerments;four empowerments;abhisheka;The transference of wisdom power from the master to disciples that authorizes and enables them to engage in a practice and reap its fruit. There are four levels of tantric empowerment. The first is the vase empowerment, which purifies the defilements and obscurations associated with the body, grants the blessings of the vajra body, authorizes the disciples to practice the yogas of the development stage, and enables them to attain the nirmanakaya. The second is the secret empowerment. This purifies the defilements and obscurations of the speech faculty, grants the blessings of vajra speech, authorizes disciples to practice the yogas of the perfection stage, and enables them to attain the sambhogakaya. The third is the wisdom empowerment, which purifies the defilements and obscurations associated with the mind, grants the blessings of the vajra mind, authorizes disciples to practice the yogas of the skillful path, and enables them to attain the dharmakaya. The final empowerment, which is often simply referred to as the fourth initiation, is the word empowerment. This purifies the defilements of body, speech, and mind and all karmic and cognitive obscurations;it grants the blessings of primordial wisdom, authorizes disciples to engage in the practice of Dzogchen, and enables them to attain the svabhavikakaya.
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The last of the three categories of the Mind Class tantras.
Cycle of Instructions Directly Showing Self-Liberation
Rang grol mngon sum du ston pa man ngag gi skor;Cycle of Instructions Directly Showing Self-Liberation;cycle of instructions directly showing self-liberation;The last of the three categories of the Mind Class tantras.
Rang grol mngon sum du ston pa man ngag gi skor
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Essence body, sometimes counted as the fourth kaya, and constituting the unity of the three kayas. Jamgon Kongtrul defines it as the aspect of dharmakaya that is "the nature of all phenomena, emptiness devoid of all constructs and endowed with the characteristic of natural purity."
ngo bo nyid kyi sku;svabhavikakaya;Essence body, sometimes counted as the fourth kaya, and constituting the unity of the three kayas. Jamgon Kongtrul defines it as the aspect of dharmakaya that is "the nature of all phenomena, emptiness devoid of all constructs and endowed with the characteristic of natural purity."
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pu tra;putra;Spirits dwelling in charnel grounds.
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The authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings, which is the indispensable entrance to tantric practice. It enables one to master one's innate vajra body, speech, and mind and regard forms as deities, sound as mantras, and thought as wisdom.
dbang;empowerment;empowerment;abhisheka;The authorization to practice the Vajrayana teachings, which is the indispensable entrance to tantric practice. It enables one to master one's innate vajra body, speech, and mind and regard forms as deities, sound as mantras, and thought as wisdom.
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Empowerment without any ritual or visual process; the complete and instantaneous transfer of enlightened realization from mind to mind, ''rgyal thabs'' refers to the means of the conqueror, and ''spyi lugs'' to the pouring of the transmission, like a king pouring sovereignty to his heir.
rgyal thabs spyi blugs;empowerment of direct anointment;empowerment of direct anointment;Empowerment without any ritual or visual process;the complete and instantaneous transfer of enlightened realization from mind to mind, ''rgyal thabs'' refers to the means of the conqueror, and ''spyi lugs'' to the pouring of the transmission, like a king pouring sovereignty to his heir.
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Generosity of material things, of protection from fear, and of the Dharma teachings.
sbyin pa gsum;three types of generosity;three types of generosity;Generosity of material things, of protection from fear, and of the Dharma teachings.
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Enlightenment, awakening, a state of realization.
byang chub;bodhi;Enlightenment, awakening, a state of realization.
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One of the six realms where beings experience intense suffering as a result of past actions, especially those actions related to anger, such as killing. There are eighteen different hells, eight hot and eight cold as well as neighboring hells and ephemeral hells.
dmyal ba;hell;hell;naraka;One of the six realms where beings experience intense suffering as a result of past actions, especially those actions related to anger, such as killing. There are eighteen different hells, eight hot and eight cold as well as neighboring hells and ephemeral hells.
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Literally, "continuity." The Vajrayana teachings given by the Buddha in his sambhogakaya form. Tantra can also refer to all the resultant teachings of Vajrayana as a whole.
rgyud;tantra;Literally, "continuity." The Vajrayana teachings given by the Buddha in his sambhogakaya form. Tantra can also refer to all the resultant teachings of Vajrayana as a whole.
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Literally, "one who has gone thus"; a synonym for fully enlightened buddha.
de bzhin gshegs pa;tathagata;Literally, "one who has gone thus";a synonym for fully enlightened buddha.
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One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, a disciple of Prahevajra, Prince Rajahasti, and Princess Parani, and the teacher of Yakshini Changchubma.
klu'i rgyal po 'dga' bo;Naga King Nanda;naga king nanda;One of the Indian Dzogchen lineage masters, a disciple of Prahevajra, Prince Rajahasti, and Princess Parani, and the teacher of Yakshini Changchubma.
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The four continents located in the four directions around Mount Meru, constituting a universe. They are the semi-circular Sublime Body in the east; the trapezoidal Land of Rose Apples in the south; the circular Bountiful Cow in the west; and the square Unpleasant Sound in the north.
gling bzhi;four continents;four continents;The four continents located in the four directions around Mount Meru, constituting a universe. They are the semi-circular Sublime Body in the east;the trapezoidal Land of Rose Apples in the south;the circular Bountiful Cow in the west;and the square Unpleasant Sound in the north.
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Mental factors that veil the true nature of the mind. In the general Buddhist teachings, several types are mentioned: the obscuration of karma preventing one from entering the path of enlightenment; the obscuration of disturbing emotions preventing progress along the path; the obscuration of habitual tendencies preventing the vanishing of confusion; and the final obscuration of dualistic knowledge preventing the full attainment of buddhahood.
sgrib pa;obscurations;obscurations;avarana;Mental factors that veil the true nature of the mind. In the general Buddhist teachings, several types are mentioned: the obscuration of karma preventing one from entering the path of enlightenment;the obscuration of disturbing emotions preventing progress along the path;the obscuration of habitual tendencies preventing the vanishing of confusion;and the final obscuration of dualistic knowledge preventing the full attainment of buddhahood.
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The primordial and nondual knowing aspect of the nature of the mind.
ye shes;wisdom (2);wisdom (2);jnana;The primordial and nondual knowing aspect of the nature of the mind.
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Conflicting emotions. Mental factors that produce states of mental torment both immediately and in the long term. See five poisons.
nyon mongs pa;klesha;Conflicting emotions. Mental factors that produce states of mental torment both immediately and in the long term. See five poisons.
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A kind of bird, in both the Indian and Tibetan traditions. A creature of great size, immediately upon hatching it is able to fly. A symbol of primordial wisdom.
khyung;garuda;A kind of bird, in both the Indian and Tibetan traditions. A creature of great size, immediately upon hatching it is able to fly. A symbol of primordial wisdom.
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The "Lord Who Sees"; name of the bodhisattva who embodies the speech and compassion of all the buddhas and who is sometimes referred to as ''Lokeshvara'', the Lord of the World. The sambhogakaya emanation of Buddha Amitabha.
spyan ras gzigs;Avalokiteshvara;The "Lord Who Sees";name of the bodhisattva who embodies the speech and compassion of all the buddhas and who is sometimes referred to as ''Lokeshvara'', the Lord of the World. The sambhogakaya emanation of Buddha Amitabha.
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The first seven fully ordained monks in Tibet, who were ordained by the abbot Shantarakshita. They were the minister Ba Trhizi, Ba Selnang, Pagor Vairotsana, Ngenlam Gyalwa Chokyang, Ma Rinchen Chok, Khon Lui Wangpo, and Lasum Gyalwa Changchub. When the king decided they turned out well, he had Shantarakshita ordain another three hundred people.
sad mi mi bdun;seven men to be tested;seven men to be tested;The first seven fully ordained monks in Tibet, who were ordained by the abbot Shantarakshita. They were the minister Ba Trhizi, Ba Selnang, Pagor Vairotsana, Ngenlam Gyalwa Chokyang, Ma Rinchen Chok, Khon Lui Wangpo, and Lasum Gyalwa Changchub. When the king decided they turned out well, he had Shantarakshita ordain another three hundred people.
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To let the mind rest on an object of contemplation. Alternatively, to maintain the flow of the view.
sgom pa;meditate,meditation;meditate,meditation;To let the mind rest on an object of contemplation. Alternatively, to maintain the flow of the view.
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A master of Maha Yoga and a teacher of both Guru Padmasambhava and Vimalamitra.
sangs rgyas gsang ba;Buddhaguhya;A master of Maha Yoga and a teacher of both Guru Padmasambhava and Vimalamitra.
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