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Action. The universal law that what we experience now is a result of our previous actions of body, speech, and mind; and what we experience in the future will be determined by our current actions. Karma is subdivided into positive, negative and neutral, stemming from wholesome, unwholesome, and neutral acts. :One seeks to cultivate positive karma in order to provide beneficial circumstances for the practice of Dharma, and to purify negative karma in order to eliminate obstacles to practice. However, ultimate liberation from samsara is the result of insight and discipline, and can not be gained merely by positive karma; positive karma simply serves to create a fertile field wherein one is more likely to encounter Dharma and to have the predilection and propensity to practice.
karma;Action. The universal law that what we experience now is a result of our previous actions of body, speech, and mind;and what we experience in the future will be determined by our current actions. Karma is subdivided into positive, negative and neutral, stemming from wholesome, unwholesome, and neutral acts. :One seeks to cultivate positive karma in order to provide beneficial circumstances for the practice of Dharma, and to purify negative karma in order to eliminate obstacles to practice. However, ultimate liberation from samsara is the result of insight and discipline, and can not be gained merely by positive karma;positive karma simply serves to create a fertile field wherein one is more likely to encounter Dharma and to have the predilection and propensity to practice.
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Inner heat yoga. The tummo practice is the first of the Six Yogas of Naropa, and serves as the foundation for all of the other yogas.
tummo;tummo;Inner heat yoga. The tummo practice is the first of the Six Yogas of Naropa, and serves as the foundation for all of the other yogas.
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Holder of the Vajra. Vajradhara symbolizes the primordial state of the dharmakaya. Blue in color, Vajradhara is depicted wearing the ornaments of a sambhogakaya Buddha, holding a vajra in his right hand and a bell in his left hand. It is said that the Kagyu tradition was transmitted by Vajradhara to Tilopa in a vision.
Vajradhara;Holder of the Vajra. Vajradhara symbolizes the primordial state of the dharmakaya. Blue in color, Vajradhara is depicted wearing the ornaments of a sambhogakaya Buddha, holding a vajra in his right hand and a bell in his left hand. It is said that the Kagyu tradition was transmitted by Vajradhara to Tilopa in a vision.
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The deity and his or her surrounding environment, often visualized or depicted in thangkas and sand paintings. It is usually constructed with a center and four gates, representing the four cardinal directions. One may also present a mandala representing the entire universe, with Mount Meru in the center, as an offering to the Three Jewels, in order to accumulate merit; this type of mandala is visualized, and can also be represented through mudra or through heaps of rice on a plate.
mandala;The deity and his or her surrounding environment, often visualized or depicted in thangkas and sand paintings. It is usually constructed with a center and four gates, representing the four cardinal directions. One may also present a mandala representing the entire universe, with Mount Meru in the center, as an offering to the Three Jewels, in order to accumulate merit;this type of mandala is visualized, and can also be represented through mudra or through heaps of rice on a plate.
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The bodhisattva of compassion, Chenrezig in Tibetan. Avalokiteshvara is considered to be a historical person, one of Shakyamuni Buddha's main disciples. The Dalai Lamas of Tibet are considered to be nirmanakaya emanations of Avalokiteshvara, as are the Gyalwa Karmapas of the Karma Kagyu lineage.
Avalokiteshvara;The bodhisattva of compassion, Chenrezig in Tibetan. Avalokiteshvara is considered to be a historical person, one of Shakyamuni Buddha's main disciples. The Dalai Lamas of Tibet are considered to be nirmanakaya emanations of Avalokiteshvara, as are the Gyalwa Karmapas of the Karma Kagyu lineage.
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One who has overcome the foe, foe destroyer. One who has overcome the obscurations of the four maras and has attained the final stage of the Hinayana path.
arhat;One who has overcome the foe, foe destroyer. One who has overcome the obscurations of the four maras and has attained the final stage of the Hinayana path.
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The most important father tantra of Highest Yoga Tantra. Guhyasamaja belongs to the vajra family of the five buddha families, and represents the power of anger transformed into mirror-like wisdom. Blue in color, he is usually depicted with six arms and four faces. Guhyasamaja was one of Marpa's special practices.
Guhyasamaja;The most important father tantra of Highest Yoga Tantra. Guhyasamaja belongs to the vajra family of the five buddha families, and represents the power of anger transformed into mirror-like wisdom. Blue in color, he is usually depicted with six arms and four faces. Guhyasamaja was one of Marpa's special practices.
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is a place at the border of Tibet and Bhutan.
Mon;mon;is a place at the border of Tibet and Bhutan.
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A historical giant and Herculean warrior.
Ge Lugha;ge lugha;A historical giant and Herculean warrior.
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Moon channel, lunar channel, object channel. This is the main left channel, white in color. It intersects the central channel at the tip of the sex organ. As it ascends, it separates slightly to the left of the central channel and rejoins it at the navel. From the navel to the crown it runs parallel and adjacent to the central channel. At the crown of the head it separates again to the left and terminates at the left nostril. :The left channel is related to the nirmanakaya in its pure state, and to the conflicting emotion of desire in its afflicted state. In some tantras, the qualities and colors of the left and right channels are reversed for women, as men and women are considered to have opposite internal energy structures.
lalana;Moon channel, lunar channel, object channel. This is the main left channel, white in color. It intersects the central channel at the tip of the sex organ. As it ascends, it separates slightly to the left of the central channel and rejoins it at the navel. From the navel to the crown it runs parallel and adjacent to the central channel. At the crown of the head it separates again to the left and terminates at the left nostril. :The left channel is related to the nirmanakaya in its pure state, and to the conflicting emotion of desire in its afflicted state. In some tantras, the qualities and colors of the left and right channels are reversed for women, as men and women are considered to have opposite internal energy structures.
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Action seal. A yogic consort or tantric sexual partner.
karmamudra;Action seal. A yogic consort or tantric sexual partner.
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Cyclic existence, wheel of life and death. The state of ordinary beings experiencing suffering in the six realms of transmigratory existence due to primordial ignorance.
samsara;Cyclic existence, wheel of life and death. The state of ordinary beings experiencing suffering in the six realms of transmigratory existence due to primordial ignorance.
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The first of the two main stages of tantric practice, wherein one's relative perceptions of reality are purified through mudra, mantra, and visualization of the deity. This serves to eliminate one's negative habitual tendencies of mind, and prepares one for the completion stage. See also ''completion stage''.
generation stage;generation stage;The first of the two main stages of tantric practice, wherein one's relative perceptions of reality are purified through mudra, mantra, and visualization of the deity. This serves to eliminate one's negative habitual tendencies of mind, and prepares one for the completion stage. See also ''completion stage''.
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Wisdom energy, wisdom wind. Prana is the source of all movement, including the movement of mind. The quality of one's mind depends upon the prana or wind on which it is mounted. If the prana is impure, the mind riding it will necessarily be impure as well. If the prana is a wisdom wind, the mind riding that prana will be a wisdom mind. The pranas moving within the central channel are wisdom winds. Since the realization of wisdom depends upon wisdom winds, yogis produce wisdom consciousness by moving all their winds into the central channel.
jnanaprana;Wisdom energy, wisdom wind. Prana is the source of all movement, including the movement of mind. The quality of one's mind depends upon the prana or wind on which it is mounted. If the prana is impure, the mind riding it will necessarily be impure as well. If the prana is a wisdom wind, the mind riding that prana will be a wisdom mind. The pranas moving within the central channel are wisdom winds. Since the realization of wisdom depends upon wisdom winds, yogis produce wisdom consciousness by moving all their winds into the central channel.
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hese are the pathways of the illusory body through which the prana and bindu flow. The three most important nadis in Highest Yoga Tantra are the avadhuti (central channel), the lalana (left channel), and the rasana (right channel). These channels subdivide and eventually form a network of 72,000 channels pervading the entire body. See also ''prana'' and ''bindu''.
nadi;hese are the pathways of the illusory body through which the prana and bindu flow. The three most important nadis in Highest Yoga Tantra are the avadhuti (central channel), the lalana (left channel), and the rasana (right channel). These channels subdivide and eventually form a network of 72,000 channels pervading the entire body. See also ''prana'' and ''bindu''.
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A term virtually synonymous with Buddhahood. It means the "Great Seal" or "Sublime Stance," the spontaneous embodiment of the all-knowing wisdom and limitless compassion of a Buddha. Mahamudra is also the name of the specific systems of spiritual practice inherited by the Tibetans from the Indian mahasiddhas.
Mahamudra;A term virtually synonymous with Buddhahood. It means the "Great Seal" or "Sublime Stance," the spontaneous embodiment of the all-knowing wisdom and limitless compassion of a Buddha. Mahamudra is also the name of the specific systems of spiritual practice inherited by the Tibetans from the Indian mahasiddhas.
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Circle, wheel. The energetic centers in the core of the body linked together by the central channel. The seven chakras are: (1) base chakra; (2) navel chakra; (3) solar plexus chakra; (4) heart chakra; (5) throat chakra; (6) third eye chakra; and (7) crown chakra.
chakra;Circle, wheel. The energetic centers in the core of the body linked together by the central channel. The seven chakras are: (1) base chakra;(2) navel chakra;(3) solar plexus chakra;(4) heart chakra;(5) throat chakra;(6) third eye chakra;and (7) crown chakra.
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Greed, hatred or aversion, and ignorance. Buddha taught that from these three all the suffering of samsara arises.
three poisons;three poisons;Greed, hatred or aversion, and ignorance. Buddha taught that from these three all the suffering of samsara arises.
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Literally, to cut. In the yogic context, it means to cut the basis of attachment to the illusion of a separate and inherently existing self through the ritual offering of one's body to all beings; and to cut the four maras in particular. :The Chod practice is based upon the revelations of the ''Prajnaparamita Sutras''. It was introduced into Tibet by the Indian guru Phadampa Sangye, and was developed by his chief Tibetan disciple, the great Tibetan yogini Machig Labdron. Machig Labdron became so renowned that students and teachers travelled from India to Tibet to receive her Chod teachings. :Because of the shamanistic character of the Chod practice, some have speculated that it was adopted from Bon, the pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet. However, according to Lopon Tenzin Namdak, the current head of the Bonpo tradition, they also learned Chod from Phadampa Sangye, and made it a part of their tradition at the same time as the Buddhists.
Chod;chod;Literally, to cut. In the yogic context, it means to cut the basis of attachment to the illusion of a separate and inherently existing self through the ritual offering of one's body to all beings;and to cut the four maras in particular. :The Chod practice is based upon the revelations of the ''Prajnaparamita Sutras''. It was introduced into Tibet by the Indian guru Phadampa Sangye, and was developed by his chief Tibetan disciple, the great Tibetan yogini Machig Labdron. Machig Labdron became so renowned that students and teachers travelled from India to Tibet to receive her Chod teachings. :Because of the shamanistic character of the Chod practice, some have speculated that it was adopted from Bon, the pre-Buddhist religion of Tibet. However, according to Lopon Tenzin Namdak, the current head of the Bonpo tradition, they also learned Chod from Phadampa Sangye, and made it a part of their tradition at the same time as the Buddhists.
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This short AH is visualized in the navel area for the purpose of igniting the inner fire or tummo. This is one of the completion stage yogas of Highest Yoga Tantra. For further reading see Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, ''Clear Light of Bliss'', pp. 33-66. For a concise description of the practice see Kathleen MacDonald, How To Meditate, pp. 134-138.
Short Ah Tummo Yoga;short ah tummo yoga;This short AH is visualized in the navel area for the purpose of igniting the inner fire or tummo. This is one of the completion stage yogas of Highest Yoga Tantra. For further reading see Geshe Kelsang Gyatso, ''Clear Light of Bliss'', pp. 33-66. For a concise description of the practice see Kathleen MacDonald, How To Meditate, pp. 134-138.
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Miyowa in Tibetan, the remover of all obstacles, one of the enlightened deities.
Achala;Miyowa in Tibetan, the remover of all obstacles, one of the enlightened deities.
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Sky-goer. A female yidam. Although they are usually depicted as wrathful or semi-wrathful, they can also be peaceful, as in the case of Yeshe Tsogyal, Padmasambhava's consort. They symbolize wisdom and emptiness, the basic, fertile space of wisdom out of which both samsara and nirvana arise. They can be playful and tricky, even dangerous, yet their essence is compassionate. There are both worldly and enlightened dakinis.
dakini;Sky-goer. A female yidam. Although they are usually depicted as wrathful or semi-wrathful, they can also be peaceful, as in the case of Yeshe Tsogyal, Padmasambhava's consort. They symbolize wisdom and emptiness, the basic, fertile space of wisdom out of which both samsara and nirvana arise. They can be playful and tricky, even dangerous, yet their essence is compassionate. There are both worldly and enlightened dakinis.
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Master or teacher. Usually signifies accomplishment in both study and practice. See also ''vajracharya''.
acharya;Master or teacher. Usually signifies accomplishment in both study and practice. See also ''vajracharya''.
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Wind, vital airs, energy. Prana is the life-force energy that flows through the channels (nadis) of the illusory body. Prana is the foundation of all movement and thus of all vital bodily functions. Prana is the bridge between the body and the mind. It is likened to a horse, with the mind as the rider and the nadis as the road. It corresponds to speech, breath, mantra, and to realization of the sambhogakaya. There are both pure and impure pranas (see ''karmaprana'' and ''jnanaprana''). See also ''nadi'' and ''bindu''.
prana;Wind, vital airs, energy. Prana is the life-force energy that flows through the channels (nadis) of the illusory body. Prana is the foundation of all movement and thus of all vital bodily functions. Prana is the bridge between the body and the mind. It is likened to a horse, with the mind as the rider and the nadis as the road. It corresponds to speech, breath, mantra, and to realization of the sambhogakaya. There are both pure and impure pranas (see ''karmaprana'' and ''jnanaprana''). See also ''nadi'' and ''bindu''.
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It often refers to the buddha field of Buddha Amitabha, known as the Pure Land of Great Bliss, Dewachen. But it can also refer to other buddha fields, or pure places where Buddhas abide.
Pure Land;pure land;It often refers to the buddha field of Buddha Amitabha, known as the Pure Land of Great Bliss, Dewachen. But it can also refer to other buddha fields, or pure places where Buddhas abide.
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are: The ''Buddhajataka'' or the ''Jataka Tales'', the collection of stories of the Buddha's former lifetimes; one excellent English version is ''The Hungry Tigress: Buddhist Legends and Jataka Tales'' as told by Rafe Martin, Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1990. The ''Dharmapada'' (Pali: ''Dhammapada''); numerous fine translations are available in English. The ''Bodhisattvacharyavatara'', by Shantideva; several translations exist in English, including, ''A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life'', translated by Stephen Batchelor. The ''Shikshasamuchaya''; the ''Bodhisattvabhumi''; and the ''Shravakabhumi''.
The Six Treatises of the Kadampas;the six treatises of the kadampas;are: The ''Buddhajataka'' or the ''Jataka Tales'', the collection of stories of the Buddha's former lifetimes;one excellent English version is ''The Hungry Tigress: Buddhist Legends and Jataka Tales'' as told by Rafe Martin, Berkeley: Parallax Press, 1990. The ''Dharmapada'' (Pali: ''Dhammapada'');numerous fine translations are available in English. The ''Bodhisattvacharyavatara'', by Shantideva;several translations exist in English, including, ''A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life'', translated by Stephen Batchelor. The ''Shikshasamuchaya'';the ''Bodhisattvabhumi'';and the ''Shravakabhumi''.
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The four initiations are the four major empowerments given within a tantric initiation: (1) the vase empowerment, blessing one's body to become Buddha's body, and planting the seed to realize the nirmanakaya; (2) the secret empowerment, blessing one's speech to become Buddha's speech, and planting the seed to attain the sambhogakaya; (3) the wisdom empowerment, blessing one's mind to become Buddha's mind, and planting the seed to realize the dharmakaya; (4) the precious word empowerment, blessing one's body, speech, and mind to become inseparable from the state of Vajradhara, and planting the seed to realize the svabhavikakaya, the ultimate realization of suchness.
four initiations;four initiations;The four initiations are the four major empowerments given within a tantric initiation: (1) the vase empowerment, blessing one's body to become Buddha's body, and planting the seed to realize the nirmanakaya;(2) the secret empowerment, blessing one's speech to become Buddha's speech, and planting the seed to attain the sambhogakaya;(3) the wisdom empowerment, blessing one's mind to become Buddha's mind, and planting the seed to realize the dharmakaya;(4) the precious word empowerment, blessing one's body, speech, and mind to become inseparable from the state of Vajradhara, and planting the seed to realize the svabhavikakaya, the ultimate realization of suchness.
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Insight. After calming and clearing the mind through shamatha meditation, the yogin will begin to have insight into the nature of mind, phenomena, and emptiness. There are progressive levels of insight meditation leading ultimately to the perfection of wisdom. While there is a systematic series of analytical meditations, as well as questions similar to Zen koans, the goal is not simply to gain an intellectual understanding of mind, but rather for the yogi to clearly realize the true nature of mind experientially.
vipashyana;Insight. After calming and clearing the mind through shamatha meditation, the yogin will begin to have insight into the nature of mind, phenomena, and emptiness. There are progressive levels of insight meditation leading ultimately to the perfection of wisdom. While there is a systematic series of analytical meditations, as well as questions similar to Zen koans, the goal is not simply to gain an intellectual understanding of mind, but rather for the yogi to clearly realize the true nature of mind experientially.
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puja;Offering ritual or ceremony of worship.
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The four steps used to purify and eliminate negative karma: (1) the power of confession, where one admits negative actions of body, speech, and mind committed in this life and in all prior lives; (2) the power of regret, where one understands the suffering and negative karma one has created, and sincerely regrets having committed the action; (3) the power of resolution, firmly resolving never to repeat the action again, even at the cost of one's life; (4) the power of reliance, praying to the buddhas and bodhisattvas for help and support in one's effort to abandon all negative karma.
four powers;four powers;The four steps used to purify and eliminate negative karma: (1) the power of confession, where one admits negative actions of body, speech, and mind committed in this life and in all prior lives;(2) the power of regret, where one understands the suffering and negative karma one has created, and sincerely regrets having committed the action;(3) the power of resolution, firmly resolving never to repeat the action again, even at the cost of one's life;(4) the power of reliance, praying to the buddhas and bodhisattvas for help and support in one's effort to abandon all negative karma.
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The generation and completion stages of tantric meditation.
two stages of yoga;two stages of yoga;The generation and completion stages of tantric meditation.
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The term "lama" can apply to both monastic and lay teachers. It has the meaning of "teacher-mother," implying that the teacher who gives spiritual teachings that can guide one to Buddhahood is showing kindness as great as one's mother. In the Kagyu tradition it is a title usually reserved for those who have completed the traditional three-year, three-month, and three-day retreat.
lama;lama;The term "lama" can apply to both monastic and lay teachers. It has the meaning of "teacher-mother," implying that the teacher who gives spiritual teachings that can guide one to Buddhahood is showing kindness as great as one's mother. In the Kagyu tradition it is a title usually reserved for those who have completed the traditional three-year, three-month, and three-day retreat.
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Indestructible, diamond-like, adamantine, thunderbolt. A ritual scepter, called "dorje" in Tibetan, used in Vajrayana practice. It symbolizes skillful means and compassion, the masculine aspect of enlightened activity. The vajra is diamond-like in that it is priceless, indestructible, and clear, symbolizing the qualities of that which is unborn and undying. It is a symbol of the power of highest truth.
vajra;Indestructible, diamond-like, adamantine, thunderbolt. A ritual scepter, called "dorje" in Tibetan, used in Vajrayana practice. It symbolizes skillful means and compassion, the masculine aspect of enlightened activity. The vajra is diamond-like in that it is priceless, indestructible, and clear, symbolizing the qualities of that which is unborn and undying. It is a symbol of the power of highest truth.
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The recorded discourses attributed to Shakyamuni Buddha. In Tibet these works comprised the Kangyur texts. Sutra can also refer to the "causal path," as compared to tantra, the "path of results."
sutra;The recorded discourses attributed to Shakyamuni Buddha. In Tibet these works comprised the Kangyur texts. Sutra can also refer to the "causal path," as compared to tantra, the "path of results."
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Impure winds. The pranas moving in the left and right channels, as well as in the rest of the 72,000 channels, are impure karmapranas, or winds giving birth to dualistic concepts. They perpetuate the concept of a separate, inherently existing self. From this fundamental fixation on self we create the idea of others; we divide others into friends, enemies, and those to whom we are indifferent; from this we develop the three poisons of attachment, aggression, and ignorance. Thus we develop and perpetuate our existence in samsara. See also ''jnanaprana''.
karmaprana;Impure winds. The pranas moving in the left and right channels, as well as in the rest of the 72,000 channels, are impure karmapranas, or winds giving birth to dualistic concepts. They perpetuate the concept of a separate, inherently existing self. From this fundamental fixation on self we create the idea of others;we divide others into friends, enemies, and those to whom we are indifferent;from this we develop the three poisons of attachment, aggression, and ignorance. Thus we develop and perpetuate our existence in samsara. See also ''jnanaprana''.
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The personal communication of the essence of a meditation practice from guru to student. Through this direct communication both the literal meaning and the intuitive sense are transmitted to a receptive disciple, since merely being in the field of a guru who has personally realized the practice conveys a powerful and subtle non-verbal message. The guru also adapts his presentation to the capacity, individual needs, and ripeness of the student in the moment. Meditations learned from books are considered useless without receiving the oral instructions from a guru. Because of its firm emphasis on the orally transmitted pith-instructions being passed from teacher to student, the Kagyu lineage is also known as the "hearing lineage."
pith-instructions;pith-instructions;The personal communication of the essence of a meditation practice from guru to student. Through this direct communication both the literal meaning and the intuitive sense are transmitted to a receptive disciple, since merely being in the field of a guru who has personally realized the practice conveys a powerful and subtle non-verbal message. The guru also adapts his presentation to the capacity, individual needs, and ripeness of the student in the moment. Meditations learned from books are considered useless without receiving the oral instructions from a guru. Because of its firm emphasis on the orally transmitted pith-instructions being passed from teacher to student, the Kagyu lineage is also known as the "hearing lineage."
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Arya means "superior being," one who has had a direct experience of ultimate truth. The seven riches of a bodhisattva, one on the path to ultimate awakening, are: faith, discipline, generosity, learning, moral behavior, modesty, and knowledge.
seven aryan riches;seven aryan riches;Arya means "superior being," one who has had a direct experience of ultimate truth. The seven riches of a bodhisattva, one on the path to ultimate awakening, are: faith, discipline, generosity, learning, moral behavior, modesty, and knowledge.
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Also known as the Six Perfections or Six Transcendent Virtues. Cultivation of the six paramitas is the basis of the Mahayana, the path of the bodhisattva. The six paramitas are: generosity, patience, ethics or moral discipline, joyous effort or diligence, meditative concentration, and wisdom.
six paramitas;Also known as the Six Perfections or Six Transcendent Virtues. Cultivation of the six paramitas is the basis of the Mahayana, the path of the bodhisattva. The six paramitas are: generosity, patience, ethics or moral discipline, joyous effort or diligence, meditative concentration, and wisdom.
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Roasted barley flour, a staple food of Tibetans.
tsampa;tsampa;Roasted barley flour, a staple food of Tibetans.
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Four seats. A mother tantra of the Highest Yoga Tantra class, associated with the vajra family.
Catuhpitha;Four seats. A mother tantra of the Highest Yoga Tantra class, associated with the vajra family.
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cup or bowl made of a human skull. Used in Vajrayana ritual, the kapala has numerous levels of symbolism. On one level it is a reminder of inevitable death, and goads one to use one's time to practice the Dharma fervently. On a higher level it leads one to transcend one's dualistic concepts of pure or impure, clean or unclean, good and evil.
kapala;cup or bowl made of a human skull. Used in Vajrayana ritual, the kapala has numerous levels of symbolism. On one level it is a reminder of inevitable death, and goads one to use one's time to practice the Dharma fervently. On a higher level it leads one to transcend one's dualistic concepts of pure or impure, clean or unclean, good and evil.
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One of the five main energy-winds or pranas. Also called the "life supporting wind," it is seated in the heart and spine, and is the mother of all the other winds in the body.
heart energy-wind;heart energy-wind;One of the five main energy-winds or pranas. Also called the "life supporting wind," it is seated in the heart and spine, and is the mother of all the other winds in the body.
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A very powerful spirit who was subdued by Padmasambhava and made the guardian of Samye Monastery. Beghar is said to be the king of the spirit world. Some consider him an emanation of Amitabha. Beghar tests the resolve and purity of Dharma students. If the student is strongly established in his or her practice, Beghar can help them.
Beghar;A very powerful spirit who was subdued by Padmasambhava and made the guardian of Samye Monastery. Beghar is said to be the king of the spirit world. Some consider him an emanation of Amitabha. Beghar tests the resolve and purity of Dharma students. If the student is strongly established in his or her practice, Beghar can help them.
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Dombhi was one of the eighty-four mahasiddhas of the Indian Mahamudra lineage. A king of Magadha, Dombhi was initiated into the mandala of Hevajra by the mahasiddha Virupa. Although he was an enlightened ruler who brought peace to his nation, Dombhi was forced to abdicate for choosing a lower caste woman as his tantric consort. After his departure the country fell into misgovernment and longed for their old ruler back. Summoned to return from his jungle retreat, Dombhi emerged from the jungle astride a pregnant tigress, waving a poisonous snake as a whip, to demonstrate his attainments.
Dombhi;Dombhi was one of the eighty-four mahasiddhas of the Indian Mahamudra lineage. A king of Magadha, Dombhi was initiated into the mandala of Hevajra by the mahasiddha Virupa. Although he was an enlightened ruler who brought peace to his nation, Dombhi was forced to abdicate for choosing a lower caste woman as his tantric consort. After his departure the country fell into misgovernment and longed for their old ruler back. Summoned to return from his jungle retreat, Dombhi emerged from the jungle astride a pregnant tigress, waving a poisonous snake as a whip, to demonstrate his attainments.
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Mother luminosity refers to the primordially self-existing luminosity. The son luminosity refers to the yogi's various experiences of luminosity along the stages of the path. When they are united, this refers to the meditator's ultimate realization of luminosity.
mother and son luminosities;mother and son luminosities;Mother luminosity refers to the primordially self-existing luminosity. The son luminosity refers to the yogi's various experiences of luminosity along the stages of the path. When they are united, this refers to the meditator's ultimate realization of luminosity.
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or Gradual Stages of the Path to Enlightenment is a system of teaching and meditation initially introduced into Tibetan Buddhism by Atisha. This approach integrates all the teachings of the three yanas (Hinayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana) into one progressive system of training and realization on the path to Buddhahood.
Lam Rim;lam rim;or Gradual Stages of the Path to Enlightenment is a system of teaching and meditation initially introduced into Tibetan Buddhism by Atisha. This approach integrates all the teachings of the three yanas (Hinayana, Mahayana, and Vajrayana) into one progressive system of training and realization on the path to Buddhahood.
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s the name given to the lineage established by Atisha in Tibet. It was later integrated into the Kagyupa school by Gampopa, and was the foundation of the Gelugpa lineage of the Dalai Lamas.
Kadampa;kadampa;s the name given to the lineage established by Atisha in Tibet. It was later integrated into the Kagyupa school by Gampopa, and was the foundation of the Gelugpa lineage of the Dalai Lamas.
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The Physician from Dakpo. Dakpo refers to the region where Gampopa set up his monastery, at Mount Gampo Dar, in the latter part of his life (hence the name Gampopa, the man from Gampo.) Gampopa is often referred to as Dakpo Lhaje, Dakpopa, or Dakpo Rinpoche. His lineage is also known as the Dakpo Kagyu.
Dakpo Lhaje;dakpo lhaje;The Physician from Dakpo. Dakpo refers to the region where Gampopa set up his monastery, at Mount Gampo Dar, in the latter part of his life (hence the name Gampopa, the man from Gampo.) Gampopa is often referred to as Dakpo Lhaje, Dakpopa, or Dakpo Rinpoche. His lineage is also known as the Dakpo Kagyu.
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This is the main right energy channel, blue in color. It intersects with the central channel at the tip of the sex organ. As it ascends, it separates slightly to the right of the central channel and rejoins it at the navel. From the navel to the crown it runs parallel and adjacent to the central channel. At the crown it separates again to the right and terminates at the right nostril. :The right channel is related to the sambhogakaya in its pure state, and to the conflicting emotion of anger or aversion in its afflicted state. See also ''lalana''.
rasana;This is the main right energy channel, blue in color. It intersects with the central channel at the tip of the sex organ. As it ascends, it separates slightly to the right of the central channel and rejoins it at the navel. From the navel to the crown it runs parallel and adjacent to the central channel. At the crown it separates again to the right and terminates at the right nostril. :The right channel is related to the sambhogakaya in its pure state, and to the conflicting emotion of anger or aversion in its afflicted state. See also ''lalana''.
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The teaching that self and all phenomena are empty of, or lack, inherent and independent existence.
emptiness;emptiness;The teaching that self and all phenomena are empty of, or lack, inherent and independent existence.
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Realization of the non-dual nature of mind and phenomenon. One of the four yogas of Mahamudra.
one taste;one taste;Realization of the non-dual nature of mind and phenomenon. One of the four yogas of Mahamudra.
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Used in all lineages of Tibetan Buddhism to develop bodhichitta, the mind of enlightenment, and to accumulate merit. The seven parts of the prayer are: (1) to prostrate and pay homage, either physically or mentally, to all Buddhas and bodhisattvas in the universe; (2) to make actual and visualized offerings to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas; (3) to confess all one's wrongdoings and one's violations of vows and precepts; (4) to rejoice in the virtuous conduct of all beings; (5) to pray that the Dharma continues to be present and taught to all beings in accordance with their capacity to understand; (6) to beseech the Buddhas not to pass into nirvana yet, but to remain in samsara and teach until all beings are enlightened; (7) to dedicate the merit of one's practice toward one's own enlightenment in order to be able to guide all sentient beings to a similar level of attainment. The Seven Branch Prayer can be practiced on its own or in short form as a preliminary prayer for other practices.
Seven Branch Prayer;seven branch prayer;Used in all lineages of Tibetan Buddhism to develop bodhichitta, the mind of enlightenment, and to accumulate merit. The seven parts of the prayer are: (1) to prostrate and pay homage, either physically or mentally, to all Buddhas and bodhisattvas in the universe;(2) to make actual and visualized offerings to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas;(3) to confess all one's wrongdoings and one's violations of vows and precepts;(4) to rejoice in the virtuous conduct of all beings;(5) to pray that the Dharma continues to be present and taught to all beings in accordance with their capacity to understand;(6) to beseech the Buddhas not to pass into nirvana yet, but to remain in samsara and teach until all beings are enlightened;(7) to dedicate the merit of one's practice toward one's own enlightenment in order to be able to guide all sentient beings to a similar level of attainment. The Seven Branch Prayer can be practiced on its own or in short form as a preliminary prayer for other practices.
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The story of Sadaprarudita searching for his guru is related in the last chapters of the ''Prajnaparamita Sutras''.
Sadaprarudita;The story of Sadaprarudita searching for his guru is related in the last chapters of the ''Prajnaparamita Sutras''.
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This term refers both to tantric ritual texts and to the practices presented in those texts.
sadhana;This term refers both to tantric ritual texts and to the practices presented in those texts.
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A vajra master, an accomplished master of both the theory and practice of Vajrayana teachings.
vajracharya;A vajra master, an accomplished master of both the theory and practice of Vajrayana teachings.
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Venerable, reverend. A Tibetan honorific term used in addressing highly respected masters.
Jetsun;jetsun;Venerable, reverend. A Tibetan honorific term used in addressing highly respected masters.
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A semi-wrathful female yidam. Red in color, with one face and two arms, she holds an upraised hooked knife in her right hand and a skull cup full of blood in her left hand. She wears a skull crown and bone ornaments. Her symbolic meaning is the same as Vajravarahi. In some traditions, particularly the Kagyu, she is usually the first yidam used, as an introduction to the practice of Highest Yoga Tantra.
Vajrayogini;A semi-wrathful female yidam. Red in color, with one face and two arms, she holds an upraised hooked knife in her right hand and a skull cup full of blood in her left hand. She wears a skull crown and bone ornaments. Her symbolic meaning is the same as Vajravarahi. In some traditions, particularly the Kagyu, she is usually the first yidam used, as an introduction to the practice of Highest Yoga Tantra.
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Hearer. A practitioner of the Hinayana path, noted for living in communities with other Hinayana followers.
shravaka;Hearer. A practitioner of the Hinayana path, noted for living in communities with other Hinayana followers.
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Gesture, seal, sign, symbol. Mudra generally refers to the hand gestures during Vajrayana practices that symbolize the qualities, moods, and actions related to a specific yidam. Vajrayana practice incorporates one's body, speech, and mind into the practice. Mudra corresponds to the body, drawing it into sacred activity. Mudra thus supports mantra and samadhi in the process of invoking the yidam. :See ''karmamudra'' and ''Mahamudra'' for other uses of the term.
mudra;Gesture, seal, sign, symbol. Mudra generally refers to the hand gestures during Vajrayana practices that symbolize the qualities, moods, and actions related to a specific yidam. Vajrayana practice incorporates one's body, speech, and mind into the practice. Mudra corresponds to the body, drawing it into sacred activity. Mudra thus supports mantra and samadhi in the process of invoking the yidam. :See ''karmamudra'' and ''Mahamudra'' for other uses of the term.
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(pronounced Ree-may) was a movement for intersectarian harmony and cooperation, rekindled and revitalized in the nineteenth century by several of Tibet's greatest masters. Led by Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye, the greatest scholar and eclectic master of the time, he and others collected and compiled the complete teachings, transmissions, empowerments, and meditation practices from all the various orders of Tibetan Buddhism. This collection was called The Five Great Treasures. Their goal was to eliminate the sectarian divisions and often bitter rivalry among the various schools, and to revivify the emphasis on the actual practice of the teachings.
Rime;rime;(pronounced Ree-may) was a movement for intersectarian harmony and cooperation, rekindled and revitalized in the nineteenth century by several of Tibet's greatest masters. Led by Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye, the greatest scholar and eclectic master of the time, he and others collected and compiled the complete teachings, transmissions, empowerments, and meditation practices from all the various orders of Tibetan Buddhism. This collection was called The Five Great Treasures. Their goal was to eliminate the sectarian divisions and often bitter rivalry among the various schools, and to revivify the emphasis on the actual practice of the teachings.
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The six dimensions of samsaric existence within the Desire Realm: (1) the god (deva) realm, brought about by pride; (2) the fighting or jealous god (asura) realm, brought about by jealousy or envy; (3) the human realm, brought about by desire; (4) the animal realm, brought about by ignorance and stupidity; (5) the hungry ghost (preta) realm, brought about by greed; (6) the hell realm, brought about by hatred and aggression. The first three worlds are known as the upper realms of samsara, and the last three are known as the lower realms.
six realms;six realms;The six dimensions of samsaric existence within the Desire Realm: (1) the god (deva) realm, brought about by pride;(2) the fighting or jealous god (asura) realm, brought about by jealousy or envy;(3) the human realm, brought about by desire;(4) the animal realm, brought about by ignorance and stupidity;(5) the hungry ghost (preta) realm, brought about by greed;(6) the hell realm, brought about by hatred and aggression. The first three worlds are known as the upper realms of samsara, and the last three are known as the lower realms.
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A two-headed hand-held drum used in Vajrayana ritual.
damaru;A two-headed hand-held drum used in Vajrayana ritual.
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three realms;three realms;The Desire, Form, and Formless Realms.
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The most important daily tantric practice, wherein one visualizes one's spiritual teacher in the center of the mandala, supplicates him, receives empowerments, blessings, and siddhis from him, and ultimately merges one's own mind inseparably with his. One must see the guru as none other than a fully realized Buddha to experience the full power and blessings of guru yoga. :The different lineages have different visualizations of the guru. In the Kagyu lineage, one visualizes the guru either in the form of Vajradhara or in the form of the founders of the particular branch of the Kagyu lineage. In the Karma Kagyu, the guru is usually visualized in the form of the Karmapa. There are also special guru yogas of the founding Kagyu fathers: Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa. In the Nyingma lineages, generally one visualizes one's guru in the form of Padmasambhava.
guru yoga;The most important daily tantric practice, wherein one visualizes one's spiritual teacher in the center of the mandala, supplicates him, receives empowerments, blessings, and siddhis from him, and ultimately merges one's own mind inseparably with his. One must see the guru as none other than a fully realized Buddha to experience the full power and blessings of guru yoga. :The different lineages have different visualizations of the guru. In the Kagyu lineage, one visualizes the guru either in the form of Vajradhara or in the form of the founders of the particular branch of the Kagyu lineage. In the Karma Kagyu, the guru is usually visualized in the form of the Karmapa. There are also special guru yogas of the founding Kagyu fathers: Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa. In the Nyingma lineages, generally one visualizes one's guru in the form of Padmasambhava.
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Awakening hero. One who is following the Mahayana path of the six paramitas and is cultivating bodhichitta, both relative and absolute. One formally takes the bodhisattva vow from one's spiritual master, and thereafter renews the vow daily with the aspiration to attain enlightenment not merely for oneself, but for the sake of all sentient beings, and to continue to be reborn within samsara until all beings have attained enlightenment.
bodhisattva;Awakening hero. One who is following the Mahayana path of the six paramitas and is cultivating bodhichitta, both relative and absolute. One formally takes the bodhisattva vow from one's spiritual master, and thereafter renews the vow daily with the aspiration to attain enlightenment not merely for oneself, but for the sake of all sentient beings, and to continue to be reborn within samsara until all beings have attained enlightenment.
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The first three are related to actions of the body: (1) killing; (2) stealing or taking what is not freely given; (3) sexual misconduct or harmful sexual relations. The next four are related to speech: (4) lying; (5) slander or divisive speech; (6) harsh speech; (7) gossip or idle chatter. The last three are related to mind: (8) covetousness or greed; (9) anger, ill-will or hatred; (10) wrong view. The last three are synonymous with the "three poisons": desire, aversion, and ignorance. These three are the foundations of all our non-virtuous actions, through which we produce negative karma which binds us to suffering in samsara.
ten non-virtuous actions;ten non-virtuous actions;The first three are related to actions of the body: (1) killing;(2) stealing or taking what is not freely given;(3) sexual misconduct or harmful sexual relations. The next four are related to speech: (4) lying;(5) slander or divisive speech;(6) harsh speech;(7) gossip or idle chatter. The last three are related to mind: (8) covetousness or greed;(9) anger, ill-will or hatred;(10) wrong view. The last three are synonymous with the "three poisons": desire, aversion, and ignorance. These three are the foundations of all our non-virtuous actions, through which we produce negative karma which binds us to suffering in samsara.
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The four bodies or four kayas of the Buddha are: (1) the dharmakaya or ultimate truth body, corresponding to the mind aspect of the Buddha; (2) the sambhogakaya or complete enjoyment body, corresponding to the speech and prana aspect of the Buddha; (3) the nirmanakaya, the emanation body, corresponding to the physical human body of the Buddha; and, (4) the svabhavikakaya, the essential or nature body, representing the inseparability of the first three Bodies. :Sometimes only two kayas are mentioned: the dharmakaya, and the rupakaya or form body. In this instance, the rupakaya encompasses both the sambhogakaya and the nirmanakaya. These are sometimes spoken of in the context of the "two benefits": one realizes the ultimate non-dual truth body of dharmakaya for one's own benefit; and one realizes the relative manifestations of the rupakaya in order to benefit all sentient beings.
four bodies of a Buddha;four bodies of a buddha;The four bodies or four kayas of the Buddha are: (1) the dharmakaya or ultimate truth body, corresponding to the mind aspect of the Buddha;(2) the sambhogakaya or complete enjoyment body, corresponding to the speech and prana aspect of the Buddha;(3) the nirmanakaya, the emanation body, corresponding to the physical human body of the Buddha;and, (4) the svabhavikakaya, the essential or nature body, representing the inseparability of the first three Bodies. :Sometimes only two kayas are mentioned: the dharmakaya, and the rupakaya or form body. In this instance, the rupakaya encompasses both the sambhogakaya and the nirmanakaya. These are sometimes spoken of in the context of the "two benefits": one realizes the ultimate non-dual truth body of dharmakaya for one's own benefit;and one realizes the relative manifestations of the rupakaya in order to benefit all sentient beings.
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Great Vehicle. The Mahayana teachings were first revealed by Arya Nagarjuna between the first and second century C.E., in south India. The legends say that Nagarjuna, who is sometimes called the "second Buddha," traveled to the realm of the nagas or water serpents, and there retrieved the Mahayana teachings of Buddha, which had been entrusted to the nagas' safekeeping until the world was ready to receive them. :These teachings were named the Great Vehicle (to enlightenment) because of the greatness of the aspirations of its followers, in contrast to that of the Hinayana or "Lesser Vehicle." :This great aspiration is characterized by the path of the bodhisattva, which has been described by E. A. Burtt, " ... the bodhisattva has transcended the state in which he is concerned for his own salvation; he is committed to the eternal weal of all living beings, and will not rest until he has led them all to the goal. On attaining enlightenment he does not leave the world behind and enter nirvana by himself; he remains in the world, appearing like an ordinary person, but devoting his compassionate skill to the aid of others. He shares and bears the burden of their sufferings, in loving union with them, instead of merely giving others an example of a person who has overcome the causes of suffering for himself." (''The Teachings of the Compassionate Buddha'', p. 130). :For this reason the Mahayana is often called "the path of compassion." By following the path of the bodhisattva the goal of Buddhahood or full and total spiritual awakening, equal to that of the historical Buddha, can be attained.
Mahayana;Great Vehicle. The Mahayana teachings were first revealed by Arya Nagarjuna between the first and second century C.E., in south India. The legends say that Nagarjuna, who is sometimes called the "second Buddha," traveled to the realm of the nagas or water serpents, and there retrieved the Mahayana teachings of Buddha, which had been entrusted to the nagas' safekeeping until the world was ready to receive them. :These teachings were named the Great Vehicle (to enlightenment) because of the greatness of the aspirations of its followers, in contrast to that of the Hinayana or "Lesser Vehicle." :This great aspiration is characterized by the path of the bodhisattva, which has been described by E. A. Burtt, " ... the bodhisattva has transcended the state in which he is concerned for his own salvation;he is committed to the eternal weal of all living beings, and will not rest until he has led them all to the goal. On attaining enlightenment he does not leave the world behind and enter nirvana by himself;he remains in the world, appearing like an ordinary person, but devoting his compassionate skill to the aid of others. He shares and bears the burden of their sufferings, in loving union with them, instead of merely giving others an example of a person who has overcome the causes of suffering for himself." (''The Teachings of the Compassionate Buddha'', p. 130). :For this reason the Mahayana is often called "the path of compassion." By following the path of the bodhisattva the goal of Buddhahood or full and total spiritual awakening, equal to that of the historical Buddha, can be attained.
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A ritual offering cake made of tsampa (roasted barley flour) and butter, and presented as an offering to deities and Dharma protectors. There are simple and elaborate tormas, some painted and some plain, with varied shapes and designs depending on their purpose.
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A semi-wrathful (blissful) Heruka of the padma or lotus family, belonging to the class of mother tantras. Blue in color, he is usually depicted in union with his female consort, Vajrayogini, who is red. He is the principal deity of the Kagyu lineage, and is also very important to the Gelugpas.
Chakrasamvara;A semi-wrathful (blissful) Heruka of the padma or lotus family, belonging to the class of mother tantras. Blue in color, he is usually depicted in union with his female consort, Vajrayogini, who is red. He is the principal deity of the Kagyu lineage, and is also very important to the Gelugpas.
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Mount Gampo Dar is the location where Gampopa established his monastery, and it is the source 6f his name, Gampopa, "the man from Gampo." Gampo means calm, sober, deep. Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche says, "Of all the places in Tibet, Gampo Dar has the most breathtaking scenery."
Gampo Dar;gampo dar;Mount Gampo Dar is the location where Gampopa established his monastery, and it is the source 6f his name, Gampopa, "the man from Gampo." Gampo means calm, sober, deep. Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche says, "Of all the places in Tibet, Gampo Dar has the most breathtaking scenery."
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A lay Buddhist who has taken one or more of the five lay precepts. upward moving energy-wind One of the five pranas, controlling speech and respiration.
upasaka;A lay Buddhist who has taken one or more of the five lay precepts. upward moving energy-wind One of the five pranas, controlling speech and respiration.
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A mandala drawn on a mirror or polished silver surface covered with sindura, a powder made of red lead, vermillion or cinnabar. In some traditions the red powder would be made of dried menstrual blood.
sindura mandala;A mandala drawn on a mirror or polished silver surface covered with sindura, a powder made of red lead, vermillion or cinnabar. In some traditions the red powder would be made of dried menstrual blood.
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A god realm where the beings are free from the desires of the Desire Realm, but still have attachment to subtler forms and sensations. There is neither taste nor smell in the Form Realm. The beings reborn here have cultivated various meditative absorptions; they are huge and live extremely long lives.
Form Realm;form realm;A god realm where the beings are free from the desires of the Desire Realm, but still have attachment to subtler forms and sensations. There is neither taste nor smell in the Form Realm. The beings reborn here have cultivated various meditative absorptions;they are huge and live extremely long lives.
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In addition to the Three Jewels, in Vajrayana the practitioner also takes refuge in the Three Roots: the guru as the source of all blessings, the yidam as the source of all siddhi, and the dharma protectors as the source of enlightened activity.
Three Roots;three roots;In addition to the Three Jewels, in Vajrayana the practitioner also takes refuge in the Three Roots: the guru as the source of all blessings, the yidam as the source of all siddhi, and the dharma protectors as the source of enlightened activity.
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Vows, taken by lay-people, to refrain from: (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) lying, (4) sexual misconduct, and (5) alcohol and intoxicating drugs.
five lay precepts;five lay precepts;Vows, taken by lay-people, to refrain from: (1) killing, (2) stealing, (3) lying, (4) sexual misconduct, and (5) alcohol and intoxicating drugs.
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Truth, law, way, path. The teachings of the Buddhas. In other contexts "dharma" refers to phenomena or mental and physical objects.
Dharma;Truth, law, way, path. The teachings of the Buddhas. In other contexts "dharma" refers to phenomena or mental and physical objects.
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Spontaneous verse sung by Vajrayana practitioners as an expression of their realization and instruction. Milarepa is famous for his doha compositions, yet many other Indian and Tibetan masters have also composed brilliant and inspiring dohas. :eight worldly dharmas The eight worldly dharmas are: gain and loss, pleasure and pain, fame and infamy, praise and scorn.
doha;Spontaneous verse sung by Vajrayana practitioners as an expression of their realization and instruction. Milarepa is famous for his doha compositions, yet many other Indian and Tibetan masters have also composed brilliant and inspiring dohas. :eight worldly dharmas The eight worldly dharmas are: gain and loss, pleasure and pain, fame and infamy, praise and scorn.
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the Buddha or awakened teacher, the Dharma or teachings, and the Sangha or community of fellow practitioners. These three form the essential basis for successful spiritual practice.
Three Jewels The three objects of refuge are
Three Jewels The three objects of refuge are;three jewels the three objects of refuge are;the Buddha or awakened teacher, the Dharma or teachings, and the Sangha or community of fellow practitioners. These three form the essential basis for successful spiritual practice.
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A fully-ordained monk, one who has vowed to observe the 253 monastic precepts of the Vinaya. Today there is usually a waiting period between receiving novitiate ordination and full monastic ordination; but according to all the accounts, Gampopa received both novice and bhikshu ordination simultaneously.
bhikshu;A fully-ordained monk, one who has vowed to observe the 253 monastic precepts of the Vinaya. Today there is usually a waiting period between receiving novitiate ordination and full monastic ordination;but according to all the accounts, Gampopa received both novice and bhikshu ordination simultaneously.
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Tibetan for" cotton-clad ones." It refers to followers of the tantric yogi path who practice the inner heat or tummo yoga. To demonstrate their mastery of the inner heat, their only garment is a lightweight cotton robe, even in the midst of the fierce Tibetan winter.
repa;repa;Tibetan for" cotton-clad ones." It refers to followers of the tantric yogi path who practice the inner heat or tummo yoga. To demonstrate their mastery of the inner heat, their only garment is a lightweight cotton robe, even in the midst of the fierce Tibetan winter.
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A wrathful male yidam, symbolizing the masculine principles of skillful means and energy. The Tibetan name, "trag thung," signifies one who drinks the blood of clinging to self. Chakrasamvara, Hevajra, and Hayagriva are some examples of Herukas. Heruka also refers to the wrathful and semi-wrathful deities who appear in the bardo of dharmata after death.
Heruka;A wrathful male yidam, symbolizing the masculine principles of skillful means and energy. The Tibetan name, "trag thung," signifies one who drinks the blood of clinging to self. Chakrasamvara, Hevajra, and Hayagriva are some examples of Herukas. Heruka also refers to the wrathful and semi-wrathful deities who appear in the bardo of dharmata after death.
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Sky-goer, hero, warrior. A male semi-wrathful yidam. One of the three roots of tantric refuge, dakas are beings who are related to enlightened activity and skillful means. They may also be messengers or protectors, depending on the context. There are both worldly and enlightened dakas.
daka;Sky-goer, hero, warrior. A male semi-wrathful yidam. One of the three roots of tantric refuge, dakas are beings who are related to enlightened activity and skillful means. They may also be messengers or protectors, depending on the context. There are both worldly and enlightened dakas.
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One of three realms of existence within samsara, comprised of the gods, demi-gods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. It is called the Desire Realm because beings are reborn and experience suffering within this realm due to gross attachment and desire. See also ''Form Realm'' and ''Formless Realm''.
Desire Realm;desire realm;One of three realms of existence within samsara, comprised of the gods, demi-gods, humans, animals, hungry ghosts, and hell beings. It is called the Desire Realm because beings are reborn and experience suffering within this realm due to gross attachment and desire. See also ''Form Realm'' and ''Formless Realm''.
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The pure nature of reality, phenomena, and mind as they are, without elaboration.
dharmata;The pure nature of reality, phenomena, and mind as they are, without elaboration.
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The highest god realms, where beings have cut off attachment to both the Desire and Form Realm objects, but are still fixated on the bliss of meditation. They have no bodies, since they have transcended form.
Formless Realm;formless realm;The highest god realms, where beings have cut off attachment to both the Desire and Form Realm objects, but are still fixated on the bliss of meditation. They have no bodies, since they have transcended form.
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Sangha means the "excellent community." In the early days of Buddhism, the term was only applied to the ordained community of monks and nuns. It was later expanded to include lay disciples who had taken refuge in the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. In the Mahayana teachings, it can also be applied to include the mahasangha or "great community" of all sentient beings, in much the same sense that Native Americans refer to the myriad forms of creation as "all my relations."
sangha;Sangha means the "excellent community." In the early days of Buddhism, the term was only applied to the ordained community of monks and nuns. It was later expanded to include lay disciples who had taken refuge in the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. In the Mahayana teachings, it can also be applied to include the mahasangha or "great community" of all sentient beings, in much the same sense that Native Americans refer to the myriad forms of creation as "all my relations."
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Hindu mythology speaks of nine planets. Rahu is depicted as a demon whose head was severed from his body by Vishnu. These two parts of his body became the eighth and ninth planets, Rahu and Ketu. Rahu is the celestial body said to be responsible for eclipses by swallowing the sun and the moon.
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Tantra generally refers to the fundamental texts of the Vajrayana, and to the systems of meditation described therein. Vajrayana is divided into four levels of tantra: Action (Kriya Tantra); Performance (Charya Tantra); Union (Yoga Tantra); and Highest Union or Highest Yoga Tantra (Anuttara-yoga Tantra). Tantra works on simultaneously transforming the three aspects of one's ordinary body, speech, and mind into the transcendent body, speech, and mind of a Buddha, through mudra, mantra, and visualization. :Because of its many skillful methods of practice, tantric Buddhism is often called "the short path" to enlightenment. It is possible to attain complete Buddhahood in one lifetime through tantra, as compared to the many aeons of effort required through Hinayana and the sutra level Mahayana practice. The different tantric Buddhist lineages are based on which tantras one has studied, and with which teachers one learned. :Tibetan medicine and astrology are also presented in scriptures called tantras. See also ''Vajrayana''.
tantra;Tantra generally refers to the fundamental texts of the Vajrayana, and to the systems of meditation described therein. Vajrayana is divided into four levels of tantra: Action (Kriya Tantra);Performance (Charya Tantra);Union (Yoga Tantra);and Highest Union or Highest Yoga Tantra (Anuttara-yoga Tantra). Tantra works on simultaneously transforming the three aspects of one's ordinary body, speech, and mind into the transcendent body, speech, and mind of a Buddha, through mudra, mantra, and visualization. :Because of its many skillful methods of practice, tantric Buddhism is often called "the short path" to enlightenment. It is possible to attain complete Buddhahood in one lifetime through tantra, as compared to the many aeons of effort required through Hinayana and the sutra level Mahayana practice. The different tantric Buddhist lineages are based on which tantras one has studied, and with which teachers one learned. :Tibetan medicine and astrology are also presented in scriptures called tantras. See also ''Vajrayana''.
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One of the eighty-four Indian mahasiddhas. His teachings were passed down through Tilopa and Naropa, and brought to Tibet by Marpa, who passed them on to Milarepa.
Luipa;One of the eighty-four Indian mahasiddhas. His teachings were passed down through Tilopa and Naropa, and brought to Tibet by Marpa, who passed them on to Milarepa.
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This refers to the subtle body, composed of nadis, prana, and bindu. It can also refer to the combination of the physical and subtle body in their perfected natural state.
vajra body;vajra body;This refers to the subtle body, composed of nadis, prana, and bindu. It can also refer to the combination of the physical and subtle body in their perfected natural state.
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Psychic powers. There are two levels of powers or siddhis that come from doing intensive meditation: ordinary siddhis, which refer to miraculous powers such as levitation, flight, invisibility, the ability to create multiple images of oneself or to change form; and extraordinary siddhis, which mean full enlightenment, the perfection of wisdom and compassion. See also ''six psychic powers''.
siddhi;Psychic powers. There are two levels of powers or siddhis that come from doing intensive meditation: ordinary siddhis, which refer to miraculous powers such as levitation, flight, invisibility, the ability to create multiple images of oneself or to change form;and extraordinary siddhis, which mean full enlightenment, the perfection of wisdom and compassion. See also ''six psychic powers''.
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Incarnate lamas who have voluntarily taken human birth in fulfillment of their bodhisattva vows to help beings. The power to determine one's rebirth is gained upon attainment of the eighth stage of a bodhisattva.
tulku;tulku;Incarnate lamas who have voluntarily taken human birth in fulfillment of their bodhisattva vows to help beings. The power to determine one's rebirth is gained upon attainment of the eighth stage of a bodhisattva.
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This refers to the Six Yogas of Naropa, wherein, through meditation on the channels, winds, and drops, one transforms ordinary body, speech, and mind into the three vajras: vajra body, vajra speech, and vajra mind. It also refers to the generation and completion stage "with signs" (see ''completion stage''). :Another meaning of "method" is great bliss. In contrast to other paths, which may emphasize the direct experience of wisdom through a penetrating realization of emptiness, the method path of Vajrayana emphasizes the union of wisdom and method, that is, the union of wisdom simultaneous with great bliss.
method path;method path;This refers to the Six Yogas of Naropa, wherein, through meditation on the channels, winds, and drops, one transforms ordinary body, speech, and mind into the three vajras: vajra body, vajra speech, and vajra mind. It also refers to the generation and completion stage "with signs" (see ''completion stage''). :Another meaning of "method" is great bliss. In contrast to other paths, which may emphasize the direct experience of wisdom through a penetrating realization of emptiness, the method path of Vajrayana emphasizes the union of wisdom and method, that is, the union of wisdom simultaneous with great bliss.
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These "twelve nidanas" describe the nature of samsara as well as its cause. The twelve nidanas are: (1) fundamental ignorance, (2) karmic formations or impulsive accumulations, (3) [dualistic] consciousness, (4) name and form, (5) sense consciousness, (6) contact with the phenomenal world, (7) sensation or feeling, (8) craving [for experience], (9) grasping, (10) becoming, (11) birth, (12) aging and death.
twelve links of interdependent origination
twelve links of interdependent origination;twelve links of interdependent origination;These "twelve nidanas" describe the nature of samsara as well as its cause. The twelve nidanas are: (1) fundamental ignorance, (2) karmic formations or impulsive accumulations, (3) [dualistic] consciousness, (4) name and form, (5) sense consciousness, (6) contact with the phenomenal world, (7) sensation or feeling, (8) craving [for experience], (9) grasping, (10) becoming, (11) birth, (12) aging and death.
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A semi-wrathful (ecstatic or blissful) male Heruka. One of the major yidams of both the Kagyupa and Sakyapa lineages. Hevajra was the main yidam of Marpa the Translator. Hevajra is blue in color, and appears in four, six, and twelve armed forms, in blissful union with his female consort, Nairatmya. The Hevajra Tantra is one of the main cycles of Buddhist tantra.
Hevajra;A semi-wrathful (ecstatic or blissful) male Heruka. One of the major yidams of both the Kagyupa and Sakyapa lineages. Hevajra was the main yidam of Marpa the Translator. Hevajra is blue in color, and appears in four, six, and twelve armed forms, in blissful union with his female consort, Nairatmya. The Hevajra Tantra is one of the main cycles of Buddhist tantra.
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Arura is a name often used for the medicinal herb myrobalan, which is pictured in the right hand of the Medicine Buddha.
arura;Arura is a name often used for the medicinal herb myrobalan, which is pictured in the right hand of the Medicine Buddha.
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Hidden treasures. Teachings, scriptures, sadhanas and sacred objects mystically cached by Padmasambhava and his Tibetan consort, Lady Yeshe Tsogyal. Termas have been discovered hidden in caves, rocks, rivers, and within walls of buildings. :Not all termas were in material form. There are also mind termas, hidden in the dimension of meditative awareness and discovered by revelation. Termas form an important part of the Nyingmapa lineage teachings.
terma;terma;Hidden treasures. Teachings, scriptures, sadhanas and sacred objects mystically cached by Padmasambhava and his Tibetan consort, Lady Yeshe Tsogyal. Termas have been discovered hidden in caves, rocks, rivers, and within walls of buildings. :Not all termas were in material form. There are also mind termas, hidden in the dimension of meditative awareness and discovered by revelation. Termas form an important part of the Nyingmapa lineage teachings.
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The khatvanga staff is an ornament of many tantric deities. It is usually held in the crook of the left elbow. It represents the sacred consort, and the inseparability of wisdom and skillful means. The khatvanga is adorned with a five-pointed vajra and three severed heads: a freshly severed head, a dried head, and a skull. The five-pointed vajra symbolizes vanquishing the five poisons of pride, jealousy, greed, hatred, and ignorance, and the attainment of the five transcendent wisdoms. The three human heads represent attainment of the three kayas.
khatvanga;The khatvanga staff is an ornament of many tantric deities. It is usually held in the crook of the left elbow. It represents the sacred consort, and the inseparability of wisdom and skillful means. The khatvanga is adorned with a five-pointed vajra and three severed heads: a freshly severed head, a dried head, and a skull. The five-pointed vajra symbolizes vanquishing the five poisons of pride, jealousy, greed, hatred, and ignorance, and the attainment of the five transcendent wisdoms. The three human heads represent attainment of the three kayas.
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The three prerequisites for tantric practice are: empowerment or initiation into the particular tantra; the oral transmission blessing, in the form of a ritual reading of the tantric sadhana to be practiced; and the oral pith-instructions on how to correctly perform the practice. :During an empowerment, the Vajra master goes into the various samadhis required in the practice, wherein he energetically and symbolically transmits the experience-the fruit of the practice-to the initiate. The initiate is usually unable to sustain the peak of this experience, but this transmission blessing plants a seed, or experiential frame of reference, to be deepened through continued practice, until the experience is finally stabilized and ripens into full perfect realization.
empowerment;empowerment;The three prerequisites for tantric practice are: empowerment or initiation into the particular tantra;the oral transmission blessing, in the form of a ritual reading of the tantric sadhana to be practiced;and the oral pith-instructions on how to correctly perform the practice. :During an empowerment, the Vajra master goes into the various samadhis required in the practice, wherein he energetically and symbolically transmits the experience-the fruit of the practice-to the initiate. The initiate is usually unable to sustain the peak of this experience, but this transmission blessing plants a seed, or experiential frame of reference, to be deepened through continued practice, until the experience is finally stabilized and ripens into full perfect realization.
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A male yoga practitioner. In Tibet, the term yogi is often used to contrast a lay practitioner from an ordained monk. Also, since yogi can sometimes mean someone who is practicing the higher yogas, which ultimately involve taking on a sexual consort, the term yogi was often used to designate married lamas and practitioners, in contrast to celibate monks. In its general sense, however, a yogi is anyone who practices yoga, so a monk can also be called a yogi.
yogi;yogin;A male yoga practitioner. In Tibet, the term yogi is often used to contrast a lay practitioner from an ordained monk. Also, since yogi can sometimes mean someone who is practicing the higher yogas, which ultimately involve taking on a sexual consort, the term yogi was often used to designate married lamas and practitioners, in contrast to celibate monks. In its general sense, however, a yogi is anyone who practices yoga, so a monk can also be called a yogi.
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The experience of the true, unfabricated, and uncontrived nature of mind, present throughout all of samsara and nirvana. There are two aspects to clear light: empty clear light, which is like a clear open sky; and manifest clear light, which appears as the five lights, images, and the like.
clear light;clear light;The experience of the true, unfabricated, and uncontrived nature of mind, present throughout all of samsara and nirvana. There are two aspects to clear light: empty clear light, which is like a clear open sky;and manifest clear light, which appears as the five lights, images, and the like.
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The highest of the four classes of tantra, according to the New Translation schools.
Highest Yoga Tantra;highest yoga tantra;The highest of the four classes of tantra, according to the New Translation schools.
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buddhahood;buddhahood;Complete and perfect enlightenment.
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The tantras of the peaceful and wrathful deities, a special Nyingmapa cycle of teachings composed by Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) and written down by his consort, Yeshe Tsogyal. The text (containing, among many other books, ''The Tibetan Book of the Dead'') was buried in the earth to be found at a later time. It is one of the many terma or "treasures" that Guru Rinpoche hid throughout Tibet. It was discovered by Karma Lingpa, who was the incarnation of Guru Rinpoche's close disciple, Lotsawa Lui Gyaltsen.
Shi Tro;shi tro;The tantras of the peaceful and wrathful deities, a special Nyingmapa cycle of teachings composed by Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava) and written down by his consort, Yeshe Tsogyal. The text (containing, among many other books, ''The Tibetan Book of the Dead'') was buried in the earth to be found at a later time. It is one of the many terma or "treasures" that Guru Rinpoche hid throughout Tibet. It was discovered by Karma Lingpa, who was the incarnation of Guru Rinpoche's close disciple, Lotsawa Lui Gyaltsen.
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Blessed One. An epithet which usually refers to the Buddha. It is also used when referring to one's guru (who one sees as the Buddha), or when referring to a peaceful male yidam.
Bhagavan;Blessed One. An epithet which usually refers to the Buddha. It is also used when referring to one's guru (who one sees as the Buddha), or when referring to a peaceful male yidam.
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Four of the major obstacles to spiritual practice and enlightenment. These are: (1) skandha-mara, falsely perceiving the five skandhas as an inherently existing self; (2) klesha-mara, being overcome by the mental confusion of conflicting emotions; (3) mrtyu-mara, death, which causes a break in spiritual practice unless the practitioner is able to use the experience of dying to achieve enlightenment; (4) devaputra-mara, the "mara of the gods' son," where We becomes so pleasurable that one is distracted from spiritual practice.
four maras;four maras;Four of the major obstacles to spiritual practice and enlightenment. These are: (1) skandha-mara, falsely perceiving the five skandhas as an inherently existing self;(2) klesha-mara, being overcome by the mental confusion of conflicting emotions;(3) mrtyu-mara, death, which causes a break in spiritual practice unless the practitioner is able to use the experience of dying to achieve enlightenment;(4) devaputra-mara, the "mara of the gods' son," where We becomes so pleasurable that one is distracted from spiritual practice.
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In Buddhist cosmology the number of world systems throughout the universe is one thousand cubed, or one billion.
three thousand world systems;three thousand world systems;In Buddhist cosmology the number of world systems throughout the universe is one thousand cubed, or one billion.
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The four generosities are: Giving material goods such as food and alms, giving loving-kindness, giving refuge from fear, and sharing the Dharma teachings.
four generosities;four generosities;The four generosities are: Giving material goods such as food and alms, giving loving-kindness, giving refuge from fear, and sharing the Dharma teachings.
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Diamond Vehicle, also called Mantrayana or Tantrayana. A branch of Mahayana Buddhism that first began to emerge in India, particularly in the northwestern state of Oddiyana, between the first and sixth centuries c.E. Vajrayana embraced the Mahayana ideals, but was traditionally practiced in secret. It is often referred to as the "path of transformation," as the tantric meditator trains to transform his view of ordinary reality into the extraordinary and sacred insight and perception of a Buddha. :Another hallmark of Vajrayana practice is its extensive use of visualization and ritual meditation, and the techniques of mantra, mudra, and samadhi within the context of deity yoga. Even though one is not yet enlightened, one emulates the body, speech, and mind of an enlightened deity. Thus Vajrayana is also called the "path of fruition or result," because it uses yogas that bring future results into the current practice.
Vajrayana;Diamond Vehicle, also called Mantrayana or Tantrayana. A branch of Mahayana Buddhism that first began to emerge in India, particularly in the northwestern state of Oddiyana, between the first and sixth centuries c.E. Vajrayana embraced the Mahayana ideals, but was traditionally practiced in secret. It is often referred to as the "path of transformation," as the tantric meditator trains to transform his view of ordinary reality into the extraordinary and sacred insight and perception of a Buddha. :Another hallmark of Vajrayana practice is its extensive use of visualization and ritual meditation, and the techniques of mantra, mudra, and samadhi within the context of deity yoga. Even though one is not yet enlightened, one emulates the body, speech, and mind of an enlightened deity. Thus Vajrayana is also called the "path of fruition or result," because it uses yogas that bring future results into the current practice.
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The Hinayana teachings are the sutras taught by Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha, to the monks and lay people who followed him. One collection of these scriptures was later recorded in writing as the Pali Canon. The Hinayana tradition includes many of the Buddha's basic teachings, such as the Vinaya or rules of moral discipline for monks and lay people, the Four Noble Truths on the origin and cessation of suffering, the Noble Eightfold Path on the right way of life, and the ''Dhammapada''. :Although the virtues of loving-kindness and compassion are taught within the Hinayana, meditation, mindfulness, non-attachment, and strict moral discipline are emphasized as the keys to developing penetrating wisdom, which would lead one to nirvana or liberation from suffering. The Hinayana is often referred to as "the path of renunciation," and those who accomplish this path attain to the level of Arhatship by means of the path of the Hearer (Shravaka) or that of a Solitary Realizer (Pratyekabuddha).
Hinayana;The Hinayana teachings are the sutras taught by Siddhartha Gautama, the historical Buddha, to the monks and lay people who followed him. One collection of these scriptures was later recorded in writing as the Pali Canon. The Hinayana tradition includes many of the Buddha's basic teachings, such as the Vinaya or rules of moral discipline for monks and lay people, the Four Noble Truths on the origin and cessation of suffering, the Noble Eightfold Path on the right way of life, and the ''Dhammapada''. :Although the virtues of loving-kindness and compassion are taught within the Hinayana, meditation, mindfulness, non-attachment, and strict moral discipline are emphasized as the keys to developing penetrating wisdom, which would lead one to nirvana or liberation from suffering. The Hinayana is often referred to as "the path of renunciation," and those who accomplish this path attain to the level of Arhatship by means of the path of the Hearer (Shravaka) or that of a Solitary Realizer (Pratyekabuddha).
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buddha field;buddha field;The realm or abode of a Buddha.
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Originally a reliquary containing the relics of the Buddha, later stupas were built to hold relics of other enlightened beings, scriptures, and statues as well. Stupas symbolize the dharmakaya, and range in size from small altar pieces to large monuments the size of buildings.
stupa;Originally a reliquary containing the relics of the Buddha, later stupas were built to hold relics of other enlightened beings, scriptures, and statues as well. Stupas symbolize the dharmakaya, and range in size from small altar pieces to large monuments the size of buildings.
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Produced together, co-emergent wisdom. As Keith Dowman explains this term, "From the beginning the ultimate and relative, the male and female principles, form and emptiness, have arisen simultaneously; the inborn absolute [i.e. sahaja] is inherent in every instant of sensory experience, and it remains for the sadhaka to recognize it. However, this is not so easy as the degenerate, latter-day Bengali sahaja-yogi school with its concepts of 'natural enlightenment' and 'no practice' would believe; such notions make mockery of the siddha's sadhanas." (''Masters of Mahamudra'', pp. 421-422)
sahaja;Produced together, co-emergent wisdom. As Keith Dowman explains this term, "From the beginning the ultimate and relative, the male and female principles, form and emptiness, have arisen simultaneously;the inborn absolute [i.e. sahaja] is inherent in every instant of sensory experience, and it remains for the sadhaka to recognize it. However, this is not so easy as the degenerate, latter-day Bengali sahaja-yogi school with its concepts of 'natural enlightenment' and 'no practice' would believe;such notions make mockery of the siddha's sadhanas." (''Masters of Mahamudra'', pp. 421-422)
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The four immeasurables are: Loving kindness, the desire to see all beings happy; compassion, the desire to see all beings free from suffering; joy in the joy of others; equanimity, caring equally for all beings without partiality.
four immeasurables;four immeasurables;The four immeasurables are: Loving kindness, the desire to see all beings happy;compassion, the desire to see all beings free from suffering;joy in the joy of others;equanimity, caring equally for all beings without partiality.
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Calm abiding. The meditation practice of calming the mind so that it can focus unwaveringly on the object of meditation. There are nine levels of shamatha, which prepare one for the practice of vipashyana or insight meditation.
shamatha;Calm abiding. The meditation practice of calming the mind so that it can focus unwaveringly on the object of meditation. There are nine levels of shamatha, which prepare one for the practice of vipashyana or insight meditation.
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Also called the Six Dharmas of Naropa, they are completion stage yogas of Highest Yoga Tantra: the yoga of inner heat; the yoga of the illusory body; the yoga of the dream state; the yoga of the bardo; the yoga of the clear light; and the yoga of the transference of consciousness at death.
Six Yogas of Naropa;six yogas of naropa;Also called the Six Dharmas of Naropa, they are completion stage yogas of Highest Yoga Tantra: the yoga of inner heat;the yoga of the illusory body;the yoga of the dream state;the yoga of the bardo;the yoga of the clear light;and the yoga of the transference of consciousness at death.
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The buddha associated with healing, on both the spiritual and physical levels. He is blue in color, and holds a begging bowl full of medicine in his left hand, and a myrobalan (amra) flower in his right hand.
Medicine Buddha;medicine buddha;The buddha associated with healing, on both the spiritual and physical levels. He is blue in color, and holds a begging bowl full of medicine in his left hand, and a myrobalan (amra) flower in his right hand.
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Tilopa, the father of the Kagyu lineage, received four sets of yogic practice from several gurus, which he in turn transmitted to his disciple, Naropa. These four transmissions are often said to be: the illusory body yoga, dream yoga, clear light or luminosity yoga, and tummo or candali yoga. These became the main source of the Six Yogas of Naropa. For a different account of the four transmissions, see Nalanda and Chogyam Trungpa, ''The Life of Marpa the Translator'', pp. xxxii-xxxiii.
four transmissions;four transmissions;Tilopa, the father of the Kagyu lineage, received four sets of yogic practice from several gurus, which he in turn transmitted to his disciple, Naropa. These four transmissions are often said to be: the illusory body yoga, dream yoga, clear light or luminosity yoga, and tummo or candali yoga. These became the main source of the Six Yogas of Naropa. For a different account of the four transmissions, see Nalanda and Chogyam Trungpa, ''The Life of Marpa the Translator'', pp. xxxii-xxxiii.
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A series of highly esoteric bodily movements, similar to hatha yoga, that are traditionally introduced to advanced practitioners as a preliminary exercise and a support for tummo practice. When doing intensive method path practices such as tummo, wherein the yogi is manipulating the breathing and vigorously redirecting the flow of prana in the body, obstructions in energy can easily occur. These blockages can cause serious physical, energetic, and mental problems for the yogi, as illustrated by Gampopa's experiences with Milarepa. Therefore it is important to support any energy practices with yogic movements that help to rebalance the prana and to keep the nadis supple and clear of obstacles. :Yantra is used as an aid to developing the natural state of body, breath (prana), and mind. The natural state of the mind is dependent upon establishing the natural state of prana, and the natural state of prana is founded on the natural healthy state of the vajra body. Thus yantra yoga also provides a preliminary foundation for the spontaneous presence of Mahamudra.
yantra yoga;A series of highly esoteric bodily movements, similar to hatha yoga, that are traditionally introduced to advanced practitioners as a preliminary exercise and a support for tummo practice. When doing intensive method path practices such as tummo, wherein the yogi is manipulating the breathing and vigorously redirecting the flow of prana in the body, obstructions in energy can easily occur. These blockages can cause serious physical, energetic, and mental problems for the yogi, as illustrated by Gampopa's experiences with Milarepa. Therefore it is important to support any energy practices with yogic movements that help to rebalance the prana and to keep the nadis supple and clear of obstacles. :Yantra is used as an aid to developing the natural state of body, breath (prana), and mind. The natural state of the mind is dependent upon establishing the natural state of prana, and the natural state of prana is founded on the natural healthy state of the vajra body. Thus yantra yoga also provides a preliminary foundation for the spontaneous presence of Mahamudra.
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The meditation position where the legs are loosely crossed, with the left leg drawn up close (symbolizing control of sexual energy), and the right leg slightly out in front (symbolizing the readiness to act for the benefit of sentient beings). bodhisattva stages There are ten bodhisattva stages or bhumis: (1) The Joyous; (2) The Stainless; (3) The Radiant; (4) The Brilliant; (5) The Hard to Conquer; (6) The Realized; (7) The Reaching Far; (8) The Unshakable; (9) The Good Intelligence; (10) The Cloud of Dharma. At each stage, more defilements and obscurations are purified, and more enlightened qualities are manifested. The first six stages correspond to the realization of the six paramitas, and the last four to refinement of the perfection of wisdom (prajna paramita). The ten stages are progressive, but do not always occur in a linear fashion. Beyond the tenth stage is complete awakening, buddhahood.
bodhisattva posture;bodhisattva posture;The meditation position where the legs are loosely crossed, with the left leg drawn up close (symbolizing control of sexual energy), and the right leg slightly out in front (symbolizing the readiness to act for the benefit of sentient beings). bodhisattva stages There are ten bodhisattva stages or bhumis: (1) The Joyous;(2) The Stainless;(3) The Radiant;(4) The Brilliant;(5) The Hard to Conquer;(6) The Realized;(7) The Reaching Far;(8) The Unshakable;(9) The Good Intelligence;(10) The Cloud of Dharma. At each stage, more defilements and obscurations are purified, and more enlightened qualities are manifested. The first six stages correspond to the realization of the six paramitas, and the last four to refinement of the perfection of wisdom (prajna paramita). The ten stages are progressive, but do not always occur in a linear fashion. Beyond the tenth stage is complete awakening, buddhahood.
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Diamond Sow. One of the forms of Vajrayogini, the dakini consort of Chakrasamvara. Red in color, she has a small sow's head over her ear, representing the Buddha family of Vairochana, and the transformation of ignorance and passion into dharmadhatu wisdom and compassion.
Vajravarahi;Diamond Sow. One of the forms of Vajrayogini, the dakini consort of Chakrasamvara. Red in color, she has a small sow's head over her ear, representing the Buddha family of Vairochana, and the transformation of ignorance and passion into dharmadhatu wisdom and compassion.
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Nectar, elixir of immortality. Blessed liquor used sacramentally during tantric ritual. Amrita symbolizes poison transformed into wisdom. It also helps to break through one's dualistic notions of pure and impure.
amrita;Nectar, elixir of immortality. Blessed liquor used sacramentally during tantric ritual. Amrita symbolizes poison transformed into wisdom. It also helps to break through one's dualistic notions of pure and impure.
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The three bodies of a Buddha: the nirmanakaya, the sambhogakaya, and the dharmakaya. They correlate, respectively, to the body, speech, and mind aspects of Buddha.
trikaya;The three bodies of a Buddha: the nirmanakaya, the sambhogakaya, and the dharmakaya. They correlate, respectively, to the body, speech, and mind aspects of Buddha.
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This is the navel chakra (nirmana-chakra in Sanskrit) and is the source of creative power. Tummo practice is cented (sic) at the navel chakra, the center of creative spiritual force through which one can achieve tremendous realization. The navel chakra is also the easiest door through which to bring the energy-winds from the rest of the body into the central channel.
transformation chakra;transformation chakra;This is the navel chakra (nirmana-chakra in Sanskrit) and is the source of creative power. Tummo practice is cented (sic) at the navel chakra, the center of creative spiritual force through which one can achieve tremendous realization. The navel chakra is also the easiest door through which to bring the energy-winds from the rest of the body into the central channel.
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Meditative concentration or absorption, when the meditation and the mind of the meditator become inseparable.
samadhi;Meditative concentration or absorption, when the meditation and the mind of the meditator become inseparable.
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One of the "Three Baskets" (Tripitaka) of the Buddhist scriptures, the Vinaya deals with Buddhist ethics and rules of conduct governing the life of the sangha. The bulk of the Vinaya pertains to monks and nuns, but it also contains precepts, teachings, and advice for laypeople.
Vinaya;One of the "Three Baskets" (Tripitaka) of the Buddhist scriptures, the Vinaya deals with Buddhist ethics and rules of conduct governing the life of the sangha. The bulk of the Vinaya pertains to monks and nuns, but it also contains precepts, teachings, and advice for laypeople.
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''Bodhi'' means awakening, while ''chitta'' means mind. Thus bodhichitta means "the awakening mind." There are two types of bodhichitta, absolute or ultimate bodhichitta, and relative bodhichitta. According to Gampopa, absolute bodhichitta is the non-dual realization of emptiness inseparable from compassion, which is radiant, unshakable and beyond concepts. Relative bodhichitta is the compassionate mind of the bodhisattva, which aspires and works to liberate all sentient beings from samsara through the practice of the six paramitas.
bodhichitta;''Bodhi'' means awakening, while ''chitta'' means mind. Thus bodhichitta means "the awakening mind." There are two types of bodhichitta, absolute or ultimate bodhichitta, and relative bodhichitta. According to Gampopa, absolute bodhichitta is the non-dual realization of emptiness inseparable from compassion, which is radiant, unshakable and beyond concepts. Relative bodhichitta is the compassionate mind of the bodhisattva, which aspires and works to liberate all sentient beings from samsara through the practice of the six paramitas.
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Yogic breathing exercises designed to direct body, prana, and mind.
pranayama;Yogic breathing exercises designed to direct body, prana, and mind.
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Drop, dot, semen, essence. The bindu or drops are about the size of sesame seeds, and are more substantive than prana. Although substantial, they are clear like a crystal or diamond, and magnificently bright. There are two basic types of drops: the white drops and the red drops. The white drops are the pure essence of the male seminal fluid (sperm). The red drops are related to the pure essence of the female menstrual blood (ovum). There are both gross and subtle aspects to the drops. The gross or substantive form of the red and white drops flow through the nadis or channels. The subtle drops exist within the center of the heart chakra which is penetrated by the central channel. :The seat of the white drop is in the crown chakra at the top of the head, and it is from here that the semen originates. The seat of the red drop is in the navel chakra, and it is from here that the blood originates. The red drop is also the source of bodily warmth, and is the foundation for developing the inner heat of tummo. The energy of the drops have both a temporary and an ultimate value. Their temporary value is to produce the state of great bliss for Highest Yoga Tantra practitioners. Within that experience of the blissful state, one uses the mind of great bliss to meditate on emptiness. This is the ultimate value, the realization of the yidam Chakrasamvara (or Hevajra, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja), whose essential nature is skillful means inseparable from emptiness. :In some contexts, bindu refers specifically to the sexual essences, i.e. the semen and blood. Conservation of these substances is considered vital to Highest Yoga Tantra.
bindu;Drop, dot, semen, essence. The bindu or drops are about the size of sesame seeds, and are more substantive than prana. Although substantial, they are clear like a crystal or diamond, and magnificently bright. There are two basic types of drops: the white drops and the red drops. The white drops are the pure essence of the male seminal fluid (sperm). The red drops are related to the pure essence of the female menstrual blood (ovum). There are both gross and subtle aspects to the drops. The gross or substantive form of the red and white drops flow through the nadis or channels. The subtle drops exist within the center of the heart chakra which is penetrated by the central channel. :The seat of the white drop is in the crown chakra at the top of the head, and it is from here that the semen originates. The seat of the red drop is in the navel chakra, and it is from here that the blood originates. The red drop is also the source of bodily warmth, and is the foundation for developing the inner heat of tummo. The energy of the drops have both a temporary and an ultimate value. Their temporary value is to produce the state of great bliss for Highest Yoga Tantra practitioners. Within that experience of the blissful state, one uses the mind of great bliss to meditate on emptiness. This is the ultimate value, the realization of the yidam Chakrasamvara (or Hevajra, Kalachakra, Guhyasamaja), whose essential nature is skillful means inseparable from emptiness. :In some contexts, bindu refers specifically to the sexual essences, i.e. the semen and blood. Conservation of these substances is considered vital to Highest Yoga Tantra.
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five elements;five elements;Fire, earth, air, water, and space.
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Sacred vow or commitment. At each level of entry into the Buddhist path there are specific commitments which one vows to uphold. There is refuge ordination, the five lay precepts, the bodhisattva vow, monastic ordination, and tantra, and each stage has specific samayas. Also, when one receives tantric initiation from a vajra master into the mandala of a particular deity, one often receives a specific samaya associated with that practice. In general, the samaya of the Hinayana is to cause no harm to any sentient being; for the Mahayana the sa maya is to help all sentient beings; for the Vajrayana the samaya is to retain sacred outlook. The most important samaya in tantra is to retain a pure relationship with one's guru.
samaya;Sacred vow or commitment. At each level of entry into the Buddhist path there are specific commitments which one vows to uphold. There is refuge ordination, the five lay precepts, the bodhisattva vow, monastic ordination, and tantra, and each stage has specific samayas. Also, when one receives tantric initiation from a vajra master into the mandala of a particular deity, one often receives a specific samaya associated with that practice. In general, the samaya of the Hinayana is to cause no harm to any sentient being;for the Mahayana the sa maya is to help all sentient beings;for the Vajrayana the samaya is to retain sacred outlook. The most important samaya in tantra is to retain a pure relationship with one's guru.
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A level of meditation where one is so absorbed in meditative concentration that one needs no food.
food of samadhi;food of samadhi;A level of meditation where one is so absorbed in meditative concentration that one needs no food.
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The unborn realm of all-encompassing space in which all things arise, exist, and cease.
dharmadhatu;The unborn realm of all-encompassing space in which all things arise, exist, and cease.
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The six psychic powers or siddhis are: (1) thought reading; (2) memory of past lives; (3) clairaudience, by which all languages including those of birds and animals can be understood, from both near and far; (4) clairvoyance, particularly the intuition of the suffering and needs of others; (5) the ability to perform miracles, such as manipulating the elements, flight, walking on water, and so forth; (6) the ability to stop the five passions.
six psychic powers;six psychic powers;The six psychic powers or siddhis are: (1) thought reading;(2) memory of past lives;(3) clairaudience, by which all languages including those of birds and animals can be understood, from both near and far;(4) clairvoyance, particularly the intuition of the suffering and needs of others;(5) the ability to perform miracles, such as manipulating the elements, flight, walking on water, and so forth;(6) the ability to stop the five passions.
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The essential view of Vajrayana practice. The tantric practitioner seeks to maintain the pure perceptions of an enlightened being, wherein one's environment is viewed as a Buddha field; all beings appear in the form of one's yidam or as Buddhas, bodhisattvas, dakas and dakinis; all sound is perceived as mantra; and all that arises in the mind is perceived as inseparable from emptiness. :In the Vajrayana view, maintaining sacred outlook is considered to be seeing into the true nature of reality and not merely idealistic projection. It helps us to cut through our ordinary distorted fixations on the nature of reality and to see things as they truly are.
sacred outlook;sacred outlook;The essential view of Vajrayana practice. The tantric practitioner seeks to maintain the pure perceptions of an enlightened being, wherein one's environment is viewed as a Buddha field;all beings appear in the form of one's yidam or as Buddhas, bodhisattvas, dakas and dakinis;all sound is perceived as mantra;and all that arises in the mind is perceived as inseparable from emptiness. :In the Vajrayana view, maintaining sacred outlook is considered to be seeing into the true nature of reality and not merely idealistic projection. It helps us to cut through our ordinary distorted fixations on the nature of reality and to see things as they truly are.
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In an ordinary being it refers to the subtle body composed of nadis, prana, and bindu. In an accomplished yogi who has refined the nadis, prana, and bindu, the illusory body becomes the basis for the rupakaya. It is also called the rainbow body or vajra body. See also ''four bodies of a Buddha'' and ''vajra body''.
illusory body;illusory body;In an ordinary being it refers to the subtle body composed of nadis, prana, and bindu. In an accomplished yogi who has refined the nadis, prana, and bindu, the illusory body becomes the basis for the rupakaya. It is also called the rainbow body or vajra body. See also ''four bodies of a Buddha'' and ''vajra body''.
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The mound atop a Buddha's head, forming one of the major marks of a Buddha.
ushnisha;The mound atop a Buddha's head, forming one of the major marks of a Buddha.
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The Hinayana or Small Vehicle, the Mahayana or Great Vehicle, and the Vajrayana or Diamond Vehicle.
Three Vehicles;three vehicles;The Hinayana or Small Vehicle, the Mahayana or Great Vehicle, and the Vajrayana or Diamond Vehicle.
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Union. The practices of Vajrayana, through which one awakens to one's innate union with the unborn nature of ultimate wisdom. Some yogas emphasize working with the body, as in yantra yoga and prostrations; others emphasize the breath, as with mantra and pranayama practice; others emphasize the mind, as in quiet seated meditation. However, none emphasize one part to the exclusion of the others; each yoga serves to train all three components of body, breath, and mind, to bring the yogi to full realization of the true nature of existence.
yoga;Union. The practices of Vajrayana, through which one awakens to one's innate union with the unborn nature of ultimate wisdom. Some yogas emphasize working with the body, as in yantra yoga and prostrations;others emphasize the breath, as with mantra and pranayama practice;others emphasize the mind, as in quiet seated meditation. However, none emphasize one part to the exclusion of the others;each yoga serves to train all three components of body, breath, and mind, to bring the yogi to full realization of the true nature of existence.
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A gathering of tantric practitioners for a sacred ritual feast, called "tsog kyi khor lo" or "tsog" in Tibetan.
ganachakra;A gathering of tantric practitioners for a sacred ritual feast, called "tsog kyi khor lo" or "tsog" in Tibetan.
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Ground, stage, level. The levels or stages of realization on the bodhisattva path. See ''bodhisattva stages''.
bhumi;Ground, stage, level. The levels or stages of realization on the bodhisattva path. See ''bodhisattva stages''.
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The potential for enlightenment that is inherent in all sentient beings; the true nature of mind.
buddha nature;buddha nature;The potential for enlightenment that is inherent in all sentient beings;the true nature of mind.
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A hell realm where black lines are drawn on the victims' bodies and they are then cut along these lines. The Vajra Hells are the worst of the hot hell realms.
Vajra Black Line Hell;vajra black line hell;A hell realm where black lines are drawn on the victims' bodies and they are then cut along these lines. The Vajra Hells are the worst of the hot hell realms.
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One of the two main stages of tantric practice. In the completion stage of Mahamudra, one dissolves the visualization of the deity and mandala established in the generation stage, and does formless meditation on the non-dual nature of mind. :"Completion stage with signs" refers to the highest levels of tantric practice, where the emphasis is on working with the prana, nadis, and bindu. The goal is to change ones karmapranas into jnanapranas, transforming one's ordinary body, speech, and mind into the body, speech, and mind of a Buddha. This phase of practice is also called tsa-lung, meaning nadi-prana or channel-wind practice; it is the central focus of all Six Yo gas of Naropa. Tsa-lung practice requires prior mastery of the generation stage to achieve success. :"Completion stage without signs" refers to the practice of Essence Mahamudra, which is the essential view of Mahamudra, introduced directly to the student without dependence on intellectual or philosophical reasoning.
completion stage;completion stage;One of the two main stages of tantric practice. In the completion stage of Mahamudra, one dissolves the visualization of the deity and mandala established in the generation stage, and does formless meditation on the non-dual nature of mind. :"Completion stage with signs" refers to the highest levels of tantric practice, where the emphasis is on working with the prana, nadis, and bindu. The goal is to change ones karmapranas into jnanapranas, transforming one's ordinary body, speech, and mind into the body, speech, and mind of a Buddha. This phase of practice is also called tsa-lung, meaning nadi-prana or channel-wind practice;it is the central focus of all Six Yo gas of Naropa. Tsa-lung practice requires prior mastery of the generation stage to achieve success. :"Completion stage without signs" refers to the practice of Essence Mahamudra, which is the essential view of Mahamudra, introduced directly to the student without dependence on intellectual or philosophical reasoning.
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Mantras are Sanskrit syllables or words that are used to invoke the speech or energy qualities of a particular deity. It is unnecessary for the practitioner to know the meaning of the words, because the sound of the mantra itself helps to transform one's energy and thus one's awareness. Because of its relationship to breath, speech, and prana, mantra recitation can activate the jnanapranas and help to suspend the activities of the karmapranas. Mantra is always conjoined with visualization and mudra within a tantric sadhana. The vehicle of the Tantrayana is also referred to as the Mantrayana.
mantra;Mantras are Sanskrit syllables or words that are used to invoke the speech or energy qualities of a particular deity. It is unnecessary for the practitioner to know the meaning of the words, because the sound of the mantra itself helps to transform one's energy and thus one's awareness. Because of its relationship to breath, speech, and prana, mantra recitation can activate the jnanapranas and help to suspend the activities of the karmapranas. Mantra is always conjoined with visualization and mudra within a tantric sadhana. The vehicle of the Tantrayana is also referred to as the Mantrayana.
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The name of Gampopa in a previous life, when he was a bodhisattva at the time of Buddha Shakyamuni: Tsoje Dawo Shunu in Tibetan, Chandraprabhava-kumara in Sanskrit. The full moon symbolizes complete enlightenment or Buddhahood. The light of the new or waxing moon symbolizes the realization of a bodhisattva, one who is partially illuminated and is on the path to complete spiritual realization.
New Moonlight Heale;new moonlight heale;The name of Gampopa in a previous life, when he was a bodhisattva at the time of Buddha Shakyamuni: Tsoje Dawo Shunu in Tibetan, Chandraprabhava-kumara in Sanskrit. The full moon symbolizes complete enlightenment or Buddhahood. The light of the new or waxing moon symbolizes the realization of a bodhisattva, one who is partially illuminated and is on the path to complete spiritual realization.
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The central energy channel of the illusory body or vajra body. The central channel begins at the tip of the penis in men and the tip of the clitoris in women. It ascends in a straight line to the crown of the head, and then arches forward and downward, ending at the mid-eyebrow point. It is blue in color and straight like an arrow. Inside it has an oily red color. It is clear and transparent, and is soft and flexible like a flower petal. It is the trunk of the energy body, and links the chakras together.
avadhuti;The central energy channel of the illusory body or vajra body. The central channel begins at the tip of the penis in men and the tip of the clitoris in women. It ascends in a straight line to the crown of the head, and then arches forward and downward, ending at the mid-eyebrow point. It is blue in color and straight like an arrow. Inside it has an oily red color. It is clear and transparent, and is soft and flexible like a flower petal. It is the trunk of the energy body, and links the chakras together.
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Precious One. An honorific term reserved for tulkus or lamas of high rank or great meditative accomplishment.
Rinpoche;rinpoche;Precious One. An honorific term reserved for tulkus or lamas of high rank or great meditative accomplishment.
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One of Gampopa's foremost disciples, from Kham. Sal means "clear" and Tong is short for Tong Pa Nyid, meaning "emptiness," indicating that he was born with the realization of emptiness and clear luminosity. Shogum means "harelip," because he was born with a cleft palate. Saltong Shogum became the guru who founded the Traleg Kyabgon line of tulkus, the supreme abbots of Thrangu Monastery in Kham.
Saltong Shogum;saltong shogum;One of Gampopa's foremost disciples, from Kham. Sal means "clear" and Tong is short for Tong Pa Nyid, meaning "emptiness," indicating that he was born with the realization of emptiness and clear luminosity. Shogum means "harelip," because he was born with a cleft palate. Saltong Shogum became the guru who founded the Traleg Kyabgon line of tulkus, the supreme abbots of Thrangu Monastery in Kham.
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The personal meditation deity of a Vajrayana practitioner. Although some yidams are prescribed and taught to everyone within a particular lineage at a preliminary level, the guru will later select a specific yidam for each practitioner in accordance with one's characteristic expression of Buddha nature. :As a preliminary to yidam practice, the yogi must be accomplished in guru yoga and have great faith and devotion in the guru. This enables the practitioner to identify with the lineage and to establish a deep inner connection with the yidam. In this way one can transform the energy of one's neurosis into its enlightened expression, as represented in the yidam. Identification with the yidam also cuts through deeply entrenched attachment to one's physical form.
yidam;yidam;The personal meditation deity of a Vajrayana practitioner. Although some yidams are prescribed and taught to everyone within a particular lineage at a preliminary level, the guru will later select a specific yidam for each practitioner in accordance with one's characteristic expression of Buddha nature. :As a preliminary to yidam practice, the yogi must be accomplished in guru yoga and have great faith and devotion in the guru. This enables the practitioner to identify with the lineage and to establish a deep inner connection with the yidam. In this way one can transform the energy of one's neurosis into its enlightened expression, as represented in the yidam. Identification with the yidam also cuts through deeply entrenched attachment to one's physical form.
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One formally becomes a Buddhist when one takes refuge in the Three Jewels: the Buddha as the teacher or guide, the Dharma as the teaching or path, and the Sangha or excellent community as one's companions on the journey. In tantra, one adds taking refuge in the Three Roots: the guru as the root of all blessings, the yidam or meditational deity as the root of all attainment, and the dharmapalas or protector deities as the root of all enlightened activity.
refuge;refuge;One formally becomes a Buddhist when one takes refuge in the Three Jewels: the Buddha as the teacher or guide, the Dharma as the teaching or path, and the Sangha or excellent community as one's companions on the journey. In tantra, one adds taking refuge in the Three Roots: the guru as the root of all blessings, the yidam or meditational deity as the root of all attainment, and the dharmapalas or protector deities as the root of all enlightened activity.
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A rosary, usually with 108 beads, used to count mantra recitations. One round of the mala is counted as an even one hundred recitations, under the assumption that one's mind may have been distracted at some point during the round, so one adds an extra eight for good measure.
mala;A rosary, usually with 108 beads, used to count mantra recitations. One round of the mala is counted as an even one hundred recitations, under the assumption that one's mind may have been distracted at some point during the round, so one adds an extra eight for good measure.
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The intermediate state. Although bardo commonly refers to the state between death and rebirth, there are actually six bardos: (1) the bardo of dying; (2) the bardo of dharmata (the luminosity immediately following death); (3) the bardo of becoming (where one is drawn toward rebirth); (4) the bardo of birth and death (life in one of the six realms); (5) the bardo of dreaming (the state between falling asleep and waking); (6) the bardo of meditation (samadhi).
bardo;bardo;The intermediate state. Although bardo commonly refers to the state between death and rebirth, there are actually six bardos: (1) the bardo of dying;(2) the bardo of dharmata (the luminosity immediately following death);(3) the bardo of becoming (where one is drawn toward rebirth);(4) the bardo of birth and death (life in one of the six realms);(5) the bardo of dreaming (the state between falling asleep and waking);(6) the bardo of meditation (samadhi).
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