Tsadra Library Glossary Search/All Gloss Entries/Zurchungpa's Testament/Glossary
“smell eater”: a spirit that feeds on smells. Also used for a being in the intermediate state who inhabits a mental body and therefore feeds not on solid food but on odors
dri za;gandharva;“smell eater”: a spirit that feeds on smells. Also used for a being in the intermediate state who inhabits a mental body and therefore feeds not on solid food but on odors
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Also harmful action, unwholesome act, evil: an action—physical, verbal, or mental—that produces suffering
sdig pa or mi dge ba;negative action;negative action;Also harmful action, unwholesome act, evil: an action—physical, verbal, or mental—that produces suffering
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The basis of all concentrations; a calm, undistracted state of unwavering concentration
zhi gnas;sustained calm;sustained calm;shamatha;The basis of all concentrations;a calm, undistracted state of unwavering concentration
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“lesser vehicle” (in relation to the Mahayana or Great Vehicle): the vehicle of the Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas
theg dman;Basic Vehicle;basic vehicle;hinayana;“lesser vehicle” (in relation to the Mahayana or Great Vehicle): the vehicle of the Shravakas and Pratyekabuddhas
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The three afflictive emotions of bewilderment, attachment, and aversion.
dug gsum;three poisons;three poisons;The three afflictive emotions of bewilderment, attachment, and aversion.
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One of the two foremost Shravaka disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni
sha ri'i bu;Shariputra;shariputra;One of the two foremost Shravaka disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni
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Meditative absorption of different degrees. Generally translated as “concentration.”
bsam gtan;samadhi;Meditative absorption of different degrees. Generally translated as “concentration.”
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Although this term simply means “action,” it has come to be widely used to signify the result produced by past actions (Tib. las kyi 'bras bu), often with the implication of destiny or fate and of something beyond one's control. In the Buddhist teachings, the principle of karma covers the whole process of actions leading to results in future lives, which is something that is very definitely within one's control.
las;karma;Although this term simply means “action,” it has come to be widely used to signify the result produced by past actions (Tib. las kyi 'bras bu), often with the implication of destiny or fate and of something beyond one's control. In the Buddhist teachings, the principle of karma covers the whole process of actions leading to results in future lives, which is something that is very definitely within one's control.
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mtshan nyid theg pa.;Vehicle of Characteristics;vehicle of characteristics
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One of the five great scholars of the Sakyapa School, who are known as the Sakya Gongma
grags pa rgyal mtshan (1147-1216);Trakpa Gyaltsen;trakpa gyaltsen;One of the five great scholars of the Sakyapa School, who are known as the Sakya Gongma
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Eight propensities that prevent one from practicing the Dharma and thus making effective use of a precious human body: (1) excessive attachment to family, worldly commitments, success, and so forth, (2) a basically bad character, (3) a lack of fear or dissatisfaction with regard to the sufferings of samsara, (4) a complete absence of faith, (5) a propensity for harmful or negative actions, (6) a lack of interest in the Dharma, (7) the fact of having broken one's vows, and (8) the fact of having broken the Vajrayana samayas
ris chad blo'i mi khom pa brgyad;eight incompatible propensities;eight incompatible propensities;Eight propensities that prevent one from practicing the Dharma and thus making effective use of a precious human body: (1) excessive attachment to family, worldly commitments, success, and so forth, (2) a basically bad character, (3) a lack of fear or dissatisfaction with regard to the sufferings of samsara, (4) a complete absence of faith, (5) a propensity for harmful or negative actions, (6) a lack of interest in the Dharma, (7) the fact of having broken one's vows, and (8) the fact of having broken the Vajrayana samayas
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“the three bodies”: the three aspects of Buddhahood: dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, and nirmanakaya
sku gsum;three kayas;three kayas;trikaya;“the three bodies”: the three aspects of Buddhahood: dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, and nirmanakaya
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“vajra holder”: in the New Tradition, he is the primordial Buddha, source of all the tantras. In the Ancient Tradition, Vajradhara represents the principle of the Teacher as enlightened holder of the Vajrayana teachings
rdo rje 'chang;Vajradhara;“vajra holder”: in the New Tradition, he is the primordial Buddha, source of all the tantras. In the Ancient Tradition, Vajradhara represents the principle of the Teacher as enlightened holder of the Vajrayana teachings
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Eight circumstances that prevent one from practicing the Dharma and thus making effective use of a precious human body: to be (1) overwhelmed by the five poisons, (2) extremely stupid, (3) to have a false teacher who has wrong views, (4) to be lazy, (5) to be overwhelmed by the results of one's previous bad karma, (6) to be someone's servant and thus lack the autonomy to practice, (7) to follow the Dharma merely in order to be fed, clothed, and to avoid other difficulties in life, and (8) to take up the Dharma only in order to win wealth and prestige
'phral byung rkyen gyi mi khom pa brgyad;eight intrusive circumstances;eight intrusive circumstances;Eight circumstances that prevent one from practicing the Dharma and thus making effective use of a precious human body: to be (1) overwhelmed by the five poisons, (2) extremely stupid, (3) to have a false teacher who has wrong views, (4) to be lazy, (5) to be overwhelmed by the results of one's previous bad karma, (6) to be someone's servant and thus lack the autonomy to practice, (7) to follow the Dharma merely in order to be fed, clothed, and to avoid other difficulties in life, and (8) to take up the Dharma only in order to win wealth and prestige
'phral byung rkyen gyi mi khom pa brgyad
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Produced (byas) by a combination ('dus) of causes and conditions
'dus byas;conditioned;conditioned;Produced (byas) by a combination ('dus) of causes and conditions
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A teaching on emptiness first expounded by Nagarjuna and considered to be the basis of the Secret Mantrayana. “Middle” in this context means that it is beyond the extreme points of view of nihilism and eternalism.
dbu ma'i lam;Middle Way;middle way;madhyamika;A teaching on emptiness first expounded by Nagarjuna and considered to be the basis of the Secret Mantrayana. “Middle” in this context means that it is beyond the extreme points of view of nihilism and eternalism.
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A scholar, someone learned in the five traditional sciences (crafts, medicine, philology, logic, and philosophy). The term is particularly used to refer to Indian scholars
pandita;A scholar, someone learned in the five traditional sciences (crafts, medicine, philology, logic, and philosophy). The term is particularly used to refer to Indian scholars
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The hells, the preta realm, and the animal realm
ngan song;lower realms;lower realms;The hells, the preta realm, and the animal realm
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Students of the same teacher, or with whom one has received teaching. It is considered vital to have harmonious relations with such people, particularly in the Vajrayana
chos grogs;spiritual companions;spiritual companions;Students of the same teacher, or with whom one has received teaching. It is considered vital to have harmonious relations with such people, particularly in the Vajrayana
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The world of desire, the world of form and the world of formlessness. Alternatively (Tib. 'jig rten gsum, sa gsum, srid gsum): the world of gods above the earth, that of humans on the earth, and that of the nagas under the earth
khams gsum;three worlds;three worlds;The world of desire, the world of form and the world of formlessness. Alternatively (Tib. 'jig rten gsum, sa gsum, srid gsum): the world of gods above the earth, that of humans on the earth, and that of the nagas under the earth
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A follower of the Basic Vehicle who attains liberation (the cessation of suffering) without the help of a spiritual teacher
rang sangs rgyas;Pratyekabuddha;A follower of the Basic Vehicle who attains liberation (the cessation of suffering) without the help of a spiritual teacher
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The result (and goal) of spiritual practice. Common accomplishments include supernatural powers, which a Bodhisattva may use to benefit beings. The principal goal, however, is the supreme accomplishment, which is enlightenment.
dngos grub;sgrub pa;accomplishment;accomplishment;siddhi;The result (and goal) of spiritual practice. Common accomplishments include supernatural powers, which a Bodhisattva may use to benefit beings. The principal goal, however, is the supreme accomplishment, which is enlightenment.
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The Buddha who embodies the forty-two peaceful and fifty-eight wrathful deities. The practice of Vajrasattva and recitation of his mantra are particularly effective for purifying negative actions. In the lineage of the Great Perfection he is the Sambhogakaya Buddha
rdo rje sems dpa';Vajrasattva;The Buddha who embodies the forty-two peaceful and fifty-eight wrathful deities. The practice of Vajrasattva and recitation of his mantra are particularly effective for purifying negative actions. In the lineage of the Great Perfection he is the Sambhogakaya Buddha
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dge ba. Also beneficial act,virtue,good: an action—physical,verbal,or mental—that produces happiness;positive action;positive action
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Also conscientiousness, honesty: to be ashamed of oneself if one commits negative actions. This is one of the seven noble riches
ngo tsha shes;sense of shame;sense of shame;Also conscientiousness, honesty: to be ashamed of oneself if one commits negative actions. This is one of the seven noble riches
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sgrib pa;obscurations;obscurations;avarana;Factors that veil one's buddha nature.
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The mantra of Avalokiteshvara, om mani padme hum
mani;The mantra of Avalokiteshvara, om mani padme hum
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Meditative absorption, a state of mind without any distraction, essential for all meditative practices, the result of which depends on the motivation and view of the meditator. Non-Buddhist meditative concentration leads to rebirth in the worlds of form and formlessness. The concentrations of the Shravakas result in their attaining the level of Arhat, while only those of the Bodhisattvas can result in Perfect Buddhahood
bsam gtan;concentration;concentration;dhyana;Meditative absorption, a state of mind without any distraction, essential for all meditative practices, the result of which depends on the motivation and view of the meditator. Non-Buddhist meditative concentration leads to rebirth in the worlds of form and formlessness. The concentrations of the Shravakas result in their attaining the level of Arhat, while only those of the Bodhisattvas can result in Perfect Buddhahood
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An Indian mahasiddha, author of three cycles of dohas (songs of realization)
sa ra ha;Saraha;saraha;An Indian mahasiddha, author of three cycles of dohas (songs of realization)
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The eight conditions in which sentient beings lack the opportunity to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings. These are: to be born (1) in the hells, (2) as a preta, (3) as an animal, or (4) as a long-lived god; or as human being but (5) in a world where no Buddha has appeared, or (6) in a barbaric region where the Buddha's doctrine is unknown, or (7) as someone holding wrong views, or (8) as someone mute or mentally deficient
mi khom pa brgyad;eight unfavorable conditions;eight unfavorable conditions;The eight conditions in which sentient beings lack the opportunity to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings. These are: to be born (1) in the hells, (2) as a preta, (3) as an animal, or (4) as a long-lived god;or as human being but (5) in a world where no Buddha has appeared, or (6) in a barbaric region where the Buddha's doctrine is unknown, or (7) as someone holding wrong views, or (8) as someone mute or mentally deficient
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An abridged form of kun gzhi rnam par shes pa, the ground consciousness in which the habitual tendencies are stored. It is the basis for the other consciousnesses. In certain teachings, kun gzhi is used to signify the original nature, the primordial purity (ka dag)
kun gzhi;ground-of-all;ground-of-all;alaya;An abridged form of kun gzhi rnam par shes pa, the ground consciousness in which the habitual tendencies are stored. It is the basis for the other consciousnesses. In certain teachings, kun gzhi is used to signify the original nature, the primordial purity (ka dag)
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“the translated word”: the Tibetan translations of the original canonical works that recorded the Buddha's teachings of the Tripitaka and the tantras. The Kangyur comprises a collection of more than one hundred volumes
bka' 'gyur;Kangyur;kangyur;“the translated word”: the Tibetan translations of the original canonical works that recorded the Buddha's teachings of the Tripitaka and the tantras. The Kangyur comprises a collection of more than one hundred volumes
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The eight states of freedom from the eight unfavorable conditions, such freedom being essential in order to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings
dal ba brgyad;eight freedoms;eight freedoms;The eight states of freedom from the eight unfavorable conditions, such freedom being essential in order to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings
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The eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind
dbang po drug;six sense organs;six sense organs;The eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind
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The first of the three higher yogas according to the classification of the Dharma into nine vehicles. In this yoga, the main stress is put on the generation phase (bskyed rim)
Mahayoga;The first of the three higher yogas according to the classification of the Dharma into nine vehicles. In this yoga, the main stress is put on the generation phase (bskyed rim)
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The discoverer of the Longchen Nyingtik teachings, revealed to him in a vision he had of Longchenpa. He is considered to be a combined emanation of Vimalamitra and King Trisong Detsen. Patrul Rinpoche is often considered to be the emanation of Jigme Lingpa's speech (1729-1798)
'jigs med gling pa;Jigme Lingpa;jigme lingpa;The discoverer of the Longchen Nyingtik teachings, revealed to him in a vision he had of Longchenpa. He is considered to be a combined emanation of Vimalamitra and King Trisong Detsen. Patrul Rinpoche is often considered to be the emanation of Jigme Lingpa's speech (1729-1798)
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The name by which Padmasambhava is most commonly known in Tibet
gu ru rin po che;Guru Rinpoche;guru rinpoche;The name by which Padmasambhava is most commonly known in Tibet
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The concepts of subject, object, and action that prevent one from attaining omniscience
shes bya'i sgrib pa;conceptual obscurations;conceptual obscurations;The concepts of subject, object, and action that prevent one from attaining omniscience
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“one who has attained the accomplishments”: someone who has attained the fruit of the practice of the Secret Mantrayana
grub thob;siddha;“one who has attained the accomplishments”: someone who has attained the fruit of the practice of the Secret Mantrayana
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(958-1055) The most famous translator of the second propagation of Buddhism in Tibet, when the New Tradition began
rin chen bzang po;Rinchen Zangpo;rinchen zangpo;(958-1055) The most famous translator of the second propagation of Buddhism in Tibet, when the New Tradition began
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The second of the three worlds, comprising the twelve realms of the four concentrations and the five pure abodes
gzugs khams;world of form;world of form;rupadhatu;The second of the three worlds, comprising the twelve realms of the four concentrations and the five pure abodes
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“Dharma body”: the emptiness aspect of Buddhahood; also translated as “body of truth,” “absolute dimension.”
chos sku;dharmakaya;“Dharma body”: the emptiness aspect of Buddhahood;also translated as “body of truth,” “absolute dimension.”
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Not produced by anything, having no origin, that which has not come into existence. As Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche explains, “By ‘unborn' we mean that this absolute nature is not something that has come into existence at one point and may cease to exist at another. It is completely beyond coming into existence and ceasing to exist.”
skye med;unborn;unborn;Not produced by anything, having no origin, that which has not come into existence. As Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche explains, “By ‘unborn' we mean that this absolute nature is not something that has come into existence at one point and may cease to exist at another. It is completely beyond coming into existence and ceasing to exist.”
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An epithet of the Buddha Shakyamuni, often translated as “Mighty One.” He was called “capable” because, when he was a Bodhisattva and there was none who had the courage to tame the most unfortunate beings, with extremely gross views, afflictive emotions, and actions, he, our kind Teacher, was the only one, of all the 1,002 Buddhas of this Excellent Kalpa, who had the strength or capacity to vow to benefit them
thub pa;Capable One;capable one;Muni;An epithet of the Buddha Shakyamuni, often translated as “Mighty One.” He was called “capable” because, when he was a Bodhisattva and there was none who had the courage to tame the most unfortunate beings, with extremely gross views, afflictive emotions, and actions, he, our kind Teacher, was the only one, of all the 1,002 Buddhas of this Excellent Kalpa, who had the strength or capacity to vow to benefit them
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The threefold training in discipline, concentration, and wisdom
bslabs pa gsum;three trainings;three trainings;trishiksha;The threefold training in discipline, concentration, and wisdom
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The second of the six gods' realms in the world of desire. The abode of Indra and his thirty-two ministers
gsum cu rtsa gsum;Heaven of the Thirty-three;heaven of the thirty-three;The second of the six gods' realms in the world of desire. The abode of Indra and his thirty-two ministers
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The subtle energy determined by one's karma, as opposed to ye shes kyi rlung, the energy connected with wisdom
las kyi rlung;karmic energy;karmic energy;The subtle energy determined by one's karma, as opposed to ye shes kyi rlung, the energy connected with wisdom
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The absolute or ultimate nature; the empty nature of all phenomena
chos nyid;dharmata;The absolute or ultimate nature;the empty nature of all phenomena
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Faith, discipline, generosity, learning, a sense of decency, a sense of shame, and wisdom
'phags pa'i nor bdun;seven noble riches;seven noble riches;Faith, discipline, generosity, learning, a sense of decency, a sense of shame, and wisdom
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A unit of time (of inconceivable length) used in Buddhist cosmology to describe the cycles of formation and destruction of a universe, and the ages of increase and decrease within them
bskal pa;kalpa;A unit of time (of inconceivable length) used in Buddhist cosmology to describe the cycles of formation and destruction of a universe, and the ages of increase and decrease within them
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Also sameness, equality: all things equally have the nature of emptiness
mnyam pa nyid;evenness;evenness;samata;Also sameness, equality: all things equally have the nature of emptiness
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A branch of the Great Vehicle that uses the special techniques of the tantrasto pursue the path of enlightenment for all beings more rapidly. Synonymous with Vajrayana
gsang ngags kyi theg pa;Secret Mantrayana;secret mantrayana;A branch of the Great Vehicle that uses the special techniques of the tantrasto pursue the path of enlightenment for all beings more rapidly. Synonymous with Vajrayana
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“transfer of power”: the authorization to hear, study, and practice the teachings of the Vajrayana; this takes place in a ceremony which may be extremely elaborate or utterly simple
dbang bskur;empowerment;empowerment;abhisheka;“transfer of power”: the authorization to hear, study, and practice the teachings of the Vajrayana;this takes place in a ceremony which may be extremely elaborate or utterly simple
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sku bzhi. The three kayas plus the svabhavikakaya (Tib. ngo bo nyid kyi sku),the kaya of the nature as it is,representing the inseparability of the first three kayas;four kayas;four kayas
sku bzhi. The three kayas plus the svabhavikakaya (Tib. ngo bo nyid kyi sku)
representing the inseparability of the first three kayas
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The ten conditions that enable one to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings. They are divided into five individual advantages and five circumstantial advantages
'byor ba bcu;ten advantages;ten advantages;The ten conditions that enable one to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings. They are divided into five individual advantages and five circumstantial advantages
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The traditional preparation a practitioner needs to complete before the main practice of the Mantrayana. It comprises five principal sections—refuge, bodhichitta, purification (meditation on Vajrasattva), offering of the mandala, and guru yoga—each performed one hundred thousand times
sgnon 'gro;preliminary practice;preliminary practice;The traditional preparation a practitioner needs to complete before the main practice of the Mantrayana. It comprises five principal sections—refuge, bodhichitta, purification (meditation on Vajrasattva), offering of the mandala, and guru yoga—each performed one hundred thousand times
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A cousin of the Buddha who became his attendant. Since he was able to remember everything that he had heard the Buddha say, it was he who ensured the preservation of the sutra teachings by reciting the sutras in their entirety at the First Council
kun dga' bo;Ananda;ananda;Ananda;A cousin of the Buddha who became his attendant. Since he was able to remember everything that he had heard the Buddha say, it was he who ensured the preservation of the sutra teachings by reciting the sutras in their entirety at the First Council
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The seven points of the ideal meditation posture: legs crossed in the vajra posture, back straight, hands in the gesture of meditation, eyes gazing along the nose, chin slightly tucked in, shoulders well apart “like a vulture's wings,” and the tip of the tongue touching the palate
rnam snang chos bdun;seven-point posture of Vairochana;seven-point posture of vairochana;The seven points of the ideal meditation posture: legs crossed in the vajra posture, back straight, hands in the gesture of meditation, eyes gazing along the nose, chin slightly tucked in, shoulders well apart “like a vulture's wings,” and the tip of the tongue touching the palate
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chos nyid;absolute nature;absolute nature;dharmata
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The vehicle that teaches the path as the cause for attaining enlightenment. It includes the vehicles of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas (that is, those Bodhisattvas practicing the Sutra path and not that of the Mantras). It is distinct from the Resultant Vehicle of the Mantras, or Secret Mantrayana, which takes the result (i.e., enlightenment) as the path
rgyu mtshan nyid theg pa;Causal Vehicle of Characteristics;causal vehicle of characteristics;The vehicle that teaches the path as the cause for attaining enlightenment. It includes the vehicles of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas (that is, those Bodhisattvas practicing the Sutra path and not that of the Mantras). It is distinct from the Resultant Vehicle of the Mantras, or Secret Mantrayana, which takes the result (i.e., enlightenment) as the path
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One of the four great arguments used by the Madhyamika School in investigating the nature of phenomena. It demonstrates that no phenomenon can truly exist either as a single, discrete thing or as a plurality of such things
gcig du bral gyi gtan tshigs;neither one nor many;neither one nor many;One of the four great arguments used by the Madhyamika School in investigating the nature of phenomena. It demonstrates that no phenomenon can truly exist either as a single, discrete thing or as a plurality of such things
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mchog gi dngos grub;supreme accomplishment;supreme accomplishment
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Also translated as “renunciation”: the deeply felt wish to achieve liberation from samsara
nges 'byung;determination to be free;determination to be free;Also translated as “renunciation”: the deeply felt wish to achieve liberation from samsara
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Subtle veins in which the subtle energy (rlung; prana) circulates. The left and right principal channels run from the nostrils to just below the navel, where they join the central channel.
rtsa;channels;channels;nadi;Subtle veins in which the subtle energy (rlung;prana) circulates. The left and right principal channels run from the nostrils to just below the navel, where they join the central channel.
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Spontaneous, altruistic activity born from wisdom
thabs;skillful means;skillful means;upaya;Spontaneous, altruistic activity born from wisdom
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“beyond suffering”: while this can be loosely understood as the goal of Buddhist practice, the opposite of samsara, it is important to realize that the term is understood differently by the different vehicles: the nirvana of the Basic Vehicle, the peace of cessation that an Arhat attains, is very different from a Buddha's nirvana, the state of perfect enlightenment that transcends both samsara and nirvana
mya ngan las 'das pa;nirvana;“beyond suffering”: while this can be loosely understood as the goal of Buddhist practice, the opposite of samsara, it is important to realize that the term is understood differently by the different vehicles: the nirvana of the Basic Vehicle, the peace of cessation that an Arhat attains, is very different from a Buddha's nirvana, the state of perfect enlightenment that transcends both samsara and nirvana
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A major holder of the Longchen Nyingtik teachings and exponent of Shantideva's Bodhicharyavatara (The Way of the Bodhisattva), famed for his simple lifestyle and as the author of The Words of My Perfect Teacher. He is often considered to be the emanation of Jigme Lingpa's speech
Orgyen Jigme Chökyi Wangpo,dpal sprul rin po che (1808-1887);Patrul Rinpoche;patrul rinpoche;A major holder of the Longchen Nyingtik teachings and exponent of Shantideva's Bodhicharyavatara (The Way of the Bodhisattva), famed for his simple lifestyle and as the author of The Words of My Perfect Teacher. He is often considered to be the emanation of Jigme Lingpa's speech
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Students of the same teacher, or with whom one has received Vajrayana teachings.
rdo rje spun;vajra brothers and sisters;vajra brothers and sisters;Students of the same teacher, or with whom one has received Vajrayana teachings.
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“knowledge holder”: one who through profound means holds the deities, mantras, and the wisdom of great bliss
rig 'dzin;Vidyadhara;“knowledge holder”: one who through profound means holds the deities, mantras, and the wisdom of great bliss
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'od dpag med;The Buddha of Infinite Light;the buddha of infinite light;Amitabha
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The aggregates and elements, ayatanas (the sense organs and their corresponding sense objects), and limbs of one's body, whose true nature, according to the pure perception of the Mantrayana, is the mandala of the male and female Tathagatas, the male and female Bodhisattvas, and other deities
gdan gsum;three seats;three seats;The aggregates and elements, ayatanas (the sense organs and their corresponding sense objects), and limbs of one's body, whose true nature, according to the pure perception of the Mantrayana, is the mandala of the male and female Tathagatas, the male and female Bodhisattvas, and other deities
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(1) “With characteristics” (Tib. mtshan bcas): meditation on the channels and energies of the body visualized as a vajra body; (2) “without characteristics” (Tib. mtshan med): the meditation phase during which the forms visualized in the generation phase are dissolved and one remains in the experience of emptiness
rdzogs rim;perfection phase;perfection phase;sampannakrama;(1) “With characteristics” (Tib. mtshan bcas): meditation on the channels and energies of the body visualized as a vajra body;(2) “without characteristics” (Tib. mtshan med): the meditation phase during which the forms visualized in the generation phase are dissolved and one remains in the experience of emptiness
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A great Tibetan master and translator, disciple of Drogmi, Naropa, Maitripa, and other great siddhas. He brought many tantrasfrom India to Tibet and translated them. These teachings were passed down through Milarepa and his other disciples, and are the basis of the teachings of the Kagyu lineage
lho brag mar pa (1012-1097);Marpa;marpa;A great Tibetan master and translator, disciple of Drogmi, Naropa, Maitripa, and other great siddhas. He brought many tantrasfrom India to Tibet and translated them. These teachings were passed down through Milarepa and his other disciples, and are the basis of the teachings of the Kagyu lineage
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Purification (byang) of all obscurations and realization (chub) of all qualities
byang chub;enlightenment;enlightenment;bodhi;Purification (byang) of all obscurations and realization (chub) of all qualities
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A Bodhisattva on one of the ten Bodhisattva levels
'phags pa;sublime being;sublime being;arya;A Bodhisattva on one of the ten Bodhisattva levels
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Pearl-like relics found in the bodily remains or ashes of someone who has attained a high degree of realization during his or her lifetime
ring bsrel;ringsel;relics;ringsel;relics;Pearl-like relics found in the bodily remains or ashes of someone who has attained a high degree of realization during his or her lifetime
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Six modes of existence caused and dominated by particular mental poisons: the hells(anger), and the realms of the pretas(miserliness), animals (bewilderment or ignorance), humans (desire), asuras (jealousy), and gods(pride). These correspond to deluded perceptions produced by beings' karma and apprehended as real
'gro drug;six realms of existence;six realms of existence;Six modes of existence caused and dominated by particular mental poisons: the hells(anger), and the realms of the pretas(miserliness), animals (bewilderment or ignorance), humans (desire), asuras (jealousy), and gods(pride). These correspond to deluded perceptions produced by beings' karma and apprehended as real
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The first teachings translated from Sanskrit and propagated in Tibet, those of the Ancient Tradition, as distinct from the teachings of the New Tradition that were translated and propagated from the tenth century onwards
snga 'gyur;Ancient Translations;ancient translations;The first teachings translated from Sanskrit and propagated in Tibet, those of the Ancient Tradition, as distinct from the teachings of the New Tradition that were translated and propagated from the tenth century onwards
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One of the schools of the New Tradition, founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419)
dge lugs pa;Gelugpa;gelugpa;One of the schools of the New Tradition, founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419)
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The Buddha of our time, who lived around the fifth century b.c
sha kya thub pa;Shakyamuni;shakyamuni;The Buddha of our time, who lived around the fifth century b.c
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An act of veneration that consists of walking clockwise, concentratedly and with awareness, around a sacred object, e.g., a temple, stupa, or holy mountain, or the residence, and even the person, of a spiritual master
skor ba;circumambulation;circumambulation;An act of veneration that consists of walking clockwise, concentratedly and with awareness, around a sacred object, e.g., a temple, stupa, or holy mountain, or the residence, and even the person, of a spiritual master
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A follower of the Great Vehicle whose aim is enlightenment for all beings
byang chub sems dpa';Bodhisattva;A follower of the Great Vehicle whose aim is enlightenment for all beings
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A false belief, particularly a view that will lead one to courses of action that bring more suffering
log lta;wrong view;wrong view;mithyadrishti;A false belief, particularly a view that will lead one to courses of action that bring more suffering
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A term used to describe the practice of a Bodhisattva, which combines skillful means and wisdom, the compassionate motivation of attaining enlightenment for the sake of all beings and the view of emptiness.
pha rol tu phyin pa;transcendent perfection;transcendent perfection;paramita;A term used to describe the practice of a Bodhisattva, which combines skillful means and wisdom, the compassionate motivation of attaining enlightenment for the sake of all beings and the view of emptiness.
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In the context of Buddhist meditation and practice, a demon is any factor, on the physical or mental plane, that obstructs enlightenment.
bdud;demon;demon;mara;In the context of Buddhist meditation and practice, a demon is any factor, on the physical or mental plane, that obstructs enlightenment.
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The distinction is usually made, particularly in such practices as the incense offering (Tib. gsang) and burnt offerings (Tib. gsur), between offering to sublime beings “above,” such as the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, and giving (as part of the practice of generosity) to ordinary beings “below,” including animals and spirits.
mchod sbyin;offering and giving;offering and giving;The distinction is usually made, particularly in such practices as the incense offering (Tib. gsang) and burnt offerings (Tib. gsur), between offering to sublime beings “above,” such as the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, and giving (as part of the practice of generosity) to ordinary beings “below,” including animals and spirits.
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sde snod gsum;Three Pitakas;three pitakas;tripitaka.
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Tibet's great yogi and poet, whose biography and spiritual songs are among the best loved works in Tibetan Buddhism. One of the foremost disciples of Marpa, he is among the great masters at the origin of the Kagyupa School
rje brtsun mi la (1040-1123);Jetsun Milarepa;jetsun milarepa;Tibet's great yogi and poet, whose biography and spiritual songs are among the best loved works in Tibetan Buddhism. One of the foremost disciples of Marpa, he is among the great masters at the origin of the Kagyupa School
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The things that appear to us, that we perceive
snang ba;appearances;appearances;The things that appear to us, that we perceive
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This word has been used to translate the Tibetan ye in expressions like ye nas, “from the very beginning,” or ye dag, “pure from the beginning.” However it should be understood that this does not refer to a first moment of origin or creation in the distant past, but rather to the fact that the pure nature has always been intrinsically present
beginning;beginning;This word has been used to translate the Tibetan ye in expressions like ye nas, “from the very beginning,” or ye dag, “pure from the beginning.” However it should be understood that this does not refer to a first moment of origin or creation in the distant past, but rather to the fact that the pure nature has always been intrinsically present
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“promise”: sacred links between the teacher and disciple, and also between disciples, in the Vajrayana. The Sanskrit word samaya can mean: agreement, engagement, convention, precept, boundary, etc. Although there are many detailed obligations, the most essential samaya is to consider the teacher's body, speech, and mind as pure
dam tshig;samaya;“promise”: sacred links between the teacher and disciple, and also between disciples, in the Vajrayana. The Sanskrit word samaya can mean: agreement, engagement, convention, precept, boundary, etc. Although there are many detailed obligations, the most essential samaya is to consider the teacher's body, speech, and mind as pure
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An important Sakyapa master (1182-1251), also known as Kunga Gyaltsen
Sakya Pandita;sakya pandita;An important Sakyapa master (1182-1251), also known as Kunga Gyaltsen
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bden pa gnyis;two truths;two truths;The absolute and relative truths
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The first of the three worlds, comprising the hells, and the realms of the pretas, animals, humans, asuras, and the six classes of kamaloka gods (Four Great Kings, Heaven of the Thirty-three, Heaven Free of Conflict (Yama), The Joyous Realm (Tushita), Enjoying Magical Creations, and Mastery over Others' Creations)
'dod khams;world of desire;world of desire;kamaloka;kamadhatu;The first of the three worlds, comprising the hells, and the realms of the pretas, animals, humans, asuras, and the six classes of kamaloka gods (Four Great Kings, Heaven of the Thirty-three, Heaven Free of Conflict (Yama), The Joyous Realm (Tushita), Enjoying Magical Creations, and Mastery over Others' Creations)
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(eighth century) One of the most important Vidyadharas of the Kriya and Yoga tantras, and a major holder of the transmission of the Guhyagarbha tantra in the Mahayoga lineage
sgeg pa'i rdo rje;Lilavajra;lilavajra;(eighth century) One of the most important Vidyadharas of the Kriya and Yoga tantras, and a major holder of the transmission of the Guhyagarbha tantra in the Mahayoga lineage
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“action, cause, and result”: the process by which every action inevitably produces a corresponding effect.
las rgyu 'bras;law of cause and effect;law of cause and effect;“action, cause, and result”: the process by which every action inevitably produces a corresponding effect.
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Milk, butter, and curd, which are traditionally considered to be very pure foods
dkar gsum;three white foods;three white foods;Milk, butter, and curd, which are traditionally considered to be very pure foods
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The first of the four empowerments. Receiving this empowerment purifies the defilements of the body, enables one to meditate on the generation phase, and sows the seed for obtaining the vajra body and the nirmanakaya
bum dbang;vase empowerment;vase empowerment;The first of the four empowerments. Receiving this empowerment purifies the defilements of the body, enables one to meditate on the generation phase, and sows the seed for obtaining the vajra body and the nirmanakaya
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(790-844). The thirty-eighth king of Tibet, second of the three great religious kings. It was due to his efforts that the great masters came from India and established Buddhism firmly in Tibet
khri srong sde'u btsan;Trisong Detsen;trisong detsen;(790-844). The thirty-eighth king of Tibet, second of the three great religious kings. It was due to his efforts that the great masters came from India and established Buddhism firmly in Tibet
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The usual term for a Kadampa teacher, later used as the title for a doctor in philosophy in the Gelugpa School
dge bshes;geshe;Spiritual Friend;geshe;spiritual friend;The usual term for a Kadampa teacher, later used as the title for a doctor in philosophy in the Gelugpa School
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dge 'dun;Sangha;The community of Buddhist practitioners
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rnam par snang mdzad. One of the five Tathagatas;the Buddha of the Buddha family;Vairochana;vairochana
rnam par snang mdzad. One of the five Tathagatas; the Buddha of the Buddha family
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The followers of the first teachings of the Secret Mantrayana propagated in Tibet by the great masters Vimalamitra and Padmasambhava in the eighth century
rnying ma pa;Ancient Tradition;ancient tradition;The followers of the first teachings of the Secret Mantrayana propagated in Tibet by the great masters Vimalamitra and Padmasambhava in the eighth century
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The obscurations of afflictive emotions and conceptual obscurations.
sgrib gnyis;two obscurations;two obscurations;The obscurations of afflictive emotions and conceptual obscurations.
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spyan ras gzigs;Chenrezi;chenrezi;The Tibetan name for Avalokiteshvara
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The followers of the tantras that were translated and propagated from the tenth century onwards by the translator Rinchen Zangpo and others. It designates all the schools of Tibetan Buddhism except for the Nyingmapa, or Ancient Tradition
gsar ma pa;New Tradition;new tradition;The followers of the tantras that were translated and propagated from the tenth century onwards by the translator Rinchen Zangpo and others. It designates all the schools of Tibetan Buddhism except for the Nyingmapa, or Ancient Tradition
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“drop”: the essence or seed of the great bliss; in the channels there are different kinds, pure or degenerate. The term thig le has a number of different meanings according to the context and type of practice
thig le;essence;essence;bindu;“drop”: the essence or seed of the great bliss;in the channels there are different kinds, pure or degenerate. The term thig le has a number of different meanings according to the context and type of practice
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The protectors of the four directions, who dwell in the first of the six god realms of the world of desire
rgyal chen rigs bzhi;Four Great Kings;four great kings;The protectors of the four directions, who dwell in the first of the six god realms of the world of desire
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Lit. “one who has vanquished the enemy” (the enemy in this case being afflictive emotions): a practitioner of the Basic Vehicle who has attained the cessation of suffering, i.e., nirvana, but not the Perfect Buddhahood of the Great Vehicle
dgra bcom pa;Arhat;arhat;Arhat;Lit. “one who has vanquished the enemy” (the enemy in this case being afflictive emotions): a practitioner of the Basic Vehicle who has attained the cessation of suffering, i.e., nirvana, but not the Perfect Buddhahood of the Great Vehicle
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The perception, through wisdom, of the true nature of things
lhag mthong;profound insight;profound insight;vipashyana;The perception, through wisdom, of the true nature of things
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The three collections of the Buddha's teachings: Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma. The Vajrayana teachings are sometimes considered as a fourth pitaka.
sde snod gsum;Tripitaka;tripitaka;The three collections of the Buddha's teachings: Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma. The Vajrayana teachings are sometimes considered as a fourth pitaka.
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freedom from samsara, either as an Arhat or as a Buddha; a practice performed by a fully realized being in order to liberate the consciousness of a malignant being into a Buddhafield
thar pa;bsgral las byed pa;liberation;liberation;freedom from samsara, either as an Arhat or as a Buddha;a practice performed by a fully realized being in order to liberate the consciousness of a malignant being into a Buddhafield
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The five principal afflictive emotions: bewilderment, ignorance, or confusion (Tib. gti mug), (2) attachment or desire (Tib. 'dod chags), (3) aversion, hatred, or anger (Tib. zhe sdang), (4) jealousy (Tib. phra dog), and (5) pride (Tib. nga rgyal)
dug lnga;five poisons;five poisons;The five principal afflictive emotions: bewilderment, ignorance, or confusion (Tib. gti mug), (2) attachment or desire (Tib. 'dod chags), (3) aversion, hatred, or anger (Tib. zhe sdang), (4) jealousy (Tib. phra dog), and (5) pride (Tib. nga rgyal)
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thams cad mkhyen pa;omniscience;omniscience;A synonym for Buddhahood
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“body of manifestation”: the aspect of Buddhahood that manifests out of compassion to help ordinary beings
sprul sku;nirmanakaya;“body of manifestation”: the aspect of Buddhahood that manifests out of compassion to help ordinary beings
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“pure”: the name given to the principal god in the world of form
tshangs pa;Brahma;“pure”: the name given to the principal god in the world of form
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Perfection means that the mind, in its nature, naturally contains all the qualities of the three bodies: its nature is emptiness, the dharmakaya; its natural expression is clarity, the sambhogakaya; and its compassion is all-encompassing, the nirmanakaya. Great means that this perfection is the natural condition of all things
dzogs pa chen po. Another name for Atiyoga;Great Perfection;great perfection;Perfection means that the mind, in its nature, naturally contains all the qualities of the three bodies: its nature is emptiness, the dharmakaya;its natural expression is clarity, the sambhogakaya;and its compassion is all-encompassing, the nirmanakaya. Great means that this perfection is the natural condition of all things
dzogs pa chen po. Another name for Atiyoga
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Also known as Jamgön Kongtrul the Great. An important teacher of the nonsectarian movement, responsible, with Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, for compiling several great collections of teachings and practices from all traditions, including the Treasury of Rediscovered Teachings (rin chen gter mdzod) (1813-1899)
'jam mgon kong sprul blo gros mtha' yas;Jamgön Kongtrul Lodrö Thaye;jamgön kongtrul lodrö thaye;Also known as Jamgön Kongtrul the Great. An important teacher of the nonsectarian movement, responsible, with Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo, for compiling several great collections of teachings and practices from all traditions, including the Treasury of Rediscovered Teachings (rin chen gter mdzod) (1813-1899)
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The demon of the aggregates, the demon of afflictive emotions, the demon of the Lord of Death, and the demon of the sons of the gods (or demon of distraction).
bdud bzhi;four demons;four demons;The demon of the aggregates, the demon of afflictive emotions, the demon of the Lord of Death, and the demon of the sons of the gods (or demon of distraction).
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Gampopa Sönam Rinchen (1079-1153), also known as Dagpo Rinpoche, was the most famous disciple of Milarepa and the founder of the Kagyupa monastic order
sgam po pa;Gampopa;gampopa;Gampopa Sönam Rinchen (1079-1153), also known as Dagpo Rinpoche, was the most famous disciple of Milarepa and the founder of the Kagyupa monastic order
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The Lotus-born Teacher from Oddiyana, often known as Guru Rinpoche. During the reign of King Trisong Detsen, the great master subjugated the evil forces hostile to the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet, spread the Buddhist teaching of Vajrayana in that country, and hid innumerable spiritual treasures for the benefit of future generations. He is venerated as the Second Buddha, whose coming was predicted by the first one, Buddha Shakyamuni, to give the special teachings of Vajrayana
o rgyan padma 'byung gnas;Padmasambhava of Oddiyana;padmasambhava of oddiyana;The Lotus-born Teacher from Oddiyana, often known as Guru Rinpoche. During the reign of King Trisong Detsen, the great master subjugated the evil forces hostile to the propagation of Buddhism in Tibet, spread the Buddhist teaching of Vajrayana in that country, and hid innumerable spiritual treasures for the benefit of future generations. He is venerated as the Second Buddha, whose coming was predicted by the first one, Buddha Shakyamuni, to give the special teachings of Vajrayana
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zhi ba mtsho. Also called the Bodhisattva Abbot. A great Indian pandita of the Mahayana School who was abbot of the Buddhist university of Nalanda and author of a number of philosophical commentaries,such as the Adornment of the Middle Way (dbu ma rgyan,Skt. Madhyamakalankara). He was invited to Tibet by King Trisong Detsen to consecrate the site of the first Tibetan monastery at Samye and to ordain the first Tibetan monks;Shantarakshita;shantarakshita
zhi ba mtsho. Also called the Bodhisattva Abbot. A great Indian pandita of the Mahayana School who was abbot of the Buddhist university of Nalanda and author of a number of philosophical commentaries
such as the Adornment of the Middle Way (dbu ma rgyan
Skt. Madhyamakalankara). He was invited to Tibet by King Trisong Detsen to consecrate the site of the first Tibetan monastery at Samye and to ordain the first Tibetan monks
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The first of the schools of the New Tradition, which followed the teachings of Atisha. It stressed compassion, study, and pure discipline. Its teachings were continued by all the other schools, in particular the Gelugpa, which is also known as the New Kadampa School
bka' gdams pa;Kadampa;kadampa;The first of the schools of the New Tradition, which followed the teachings of Atisha. It stressed compassion, study, and pure discipline. Its teachings were continued by all the other schools, in particular the Gelugpa, which is also known as the New Kadampa School
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Transcendent generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and wisdom
pha rol tu phyin pa drug;six transcendent perfections;six transcendent perfections;Transcendent generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and wisdom
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The perception of all the world and its contents as a pure Buddhafield, as the display of kayas and wisdoms
dag snang;pure perception;pure perception;The perception of all the world and its contents as a pure Buddhafield, as the display of kayas and wisdoms
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mngar gsum;three sweet foods;three sweet foods;Sugar, molasses, and honey
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“wheel”: and therefore also translated as “cyclic existence”; the endless round of birth, death, and rebirth in which beings suffer as a result of their actions and afflictive emotions
'khor ba;samsara;“wheel”: and therefore also translated as “cyclic existence”;the endless round of birth, death, and rebirth in which beings suffer as a result of their actions and afflictive emotions
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A sage, hermit, or saint; particularly the famous sages of Indian myth, who had enormous longevity and magical powers
drang srong;rishi;A sage, hermit, or saint;particularly the famous sages of Indian myth, who had enormous longevity and magical powers
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The three fundamental types of suffering to which beings in samsara are subject: the suffering of change, suffering upon suffering, and the suffering of everything composite (or all-pervading suffering in the making)
sdug bsngal gsum;three kinds of suffering;three kinds of suffering;The three fundamental types of suffering to which beings in samsara are subject: the suffering of change, suffering upon suffering, and the suffering of everything composite (or all-pervading suffering in the making)
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One of the Three Pitakas; the branch of the Buddha's teachings that deals mainly with psychology and logic
chos mngon pa;Abhidharma;One of the Three Pitakas;the branch of the Buddha's teachings that deals mainly with psychology and logic
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One of the six realms, in which one undergoes great suffering, mainly in the form of intense heat or cold. Beings in the hell realm mostly experience the effects of actions rather than creating new causes
dmyal ba;hell;hell;naraka;One of the six realms, in which one undergoes great suffering, mainly in the form of intense heat or cold. Beings in the hell realm mostly experience the effects of actions rather than creating new causes
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The first of Tibet's three great religious kings. It was during his time that the first Buddhist temples were built
srong btsan sgam po (617-698);Songtsen Gampo;songtsen gampo;The first of Tibet's three great religious kings. It was during his time that the first Buddhist temples were built
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The first two of the five paths that prepare the Bodhisattva for attaining the path of seeing
tshogs lam,sbyor lam;paths of accumulating and joining;paths of accumulating and joining;The first two of the five paths that prepare the Bodhisattva for attaining the path of seeing
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Instructions that explain the most profound points of the teachings in a condensed and direct way for the purposes of practice
man ngag;pith instructions;pith instructions;upadesha;Instructions that explain the most profound points of the teachings in a condensed and direct way for the purposes of practice
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Two steps in practices involving the recitation of a mantra. In the first, practitioners approach the deity that they are visualizing by reciting the deity's mantra. In the second they are familiar enough to identify themselves with the deity.
bsnyen sgrub;approach and accomplishment;approach and accomplishment;Two steps in practices involving the recitation of a mantra. In the first, practitioners approach the deity that they are visualizing by reciting the deity's mantra. In the second they are familiar enough to identify themselves with the deity.
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The means for traveling the path to enlightenment
theg pa;vehicle;vehicle;yana;The means for traveling the path to enlightenment
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dkon mchog gsum;Three Jewels;three jewels;triratna;The Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha
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rgyal ba;Victorious One;victorious one;jina;A general epithet for a Buddha
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The founder of the Yogachara School and author of many important treatises, in particular the five teachings he received from Maitreya (fourth century)
thogs med;Asanga;asanga;Asanga;The founder of the Yogachara School and author of many important treatises, in particular the five teachings he received from Maitreya (fourth century)
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Also means “to have a belief”: thus “ego clinging” can also be interpreted as “believing in an ‘I'.”
'dzin pa;clinging;clinging;Also means “to have a belief”: thus “ego clinging” can also be interpreted as “believing in an ‘I'.”
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A member of the priestly caste in Indian society
brahmin;A member of the priestly caste in Indian society
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The body of form, which includes the sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya together
gzugs sku;rupakaya;The body of form, which includes the sambhogakaya and nirmanakaya together
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Also egolessness: the absence of independent or intrinsic existence, either of oneself (Tib. gang zag gi bdag med) or of external phenomena (Tib. chos kyi bdag med)
bdag med;no-self;no-self;anatman,nairatmya;Also egolessness: the absence of independent or intrinsic existence, either of oneself (Tib. gang zag gi bdag med) or of external phenomena (Tib. chos kyi bdag med)
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One of the eighty-four mahasiddhas of India; teacher of Naropa
ti lo pa;Tilopa;tilopa;One of the eighty-four mahasiddhas of India;teacher of Naropa
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Lit. “inconceivable”: the first monastery in Tibet, in the Tsangpo Valley southeast of Lhasa, built during the time of King Trisong Detsen
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One of the Three Pitakas; the section of the Buddha's teaching that deals with discipline, and in particular with the vows of monastic ordination
'dul ba;Vinaya;One of the Three Pitakas;the section of the Buddha's teaching that deals with discipline, and in particular with the vows of monastic ordination
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The absence of true existence in all phenomena
stong pa nyid;emptiness;emptiness;shunyata;The absence of true existence in all phenomena
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A deity representing enlightenment, in a male or female, peaceful or wrathful form, that corresponds to the practitioner's individual nature. The yidam is the source of accomplishments
yi dam;yidam;yidam;devata,istadevata;A deity representing enlightenment, in a male or female, peaceful or wrathful form, that corresponds to the practitioner's individual nature. The yidam is the source of accomplishments
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The highest of the three inner yogas, the summit of the nine vehicles according to the classification of the Nyingmapa School
Atiyoga;atiyoga;The highest of the three inner yogas, the summit of the nine vehicles according to the classification of the Nyingmapa School
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The belief in an eternally-existing entity, a soul for instance. This is one of the extreme views refuted by the proponents of the Middle Way
rtag par lta ba;eternalism;eternalism;The belief in an eternally-existing entity, a soul for instance. This is one of the extreme views refuted by the proponents of the Middle Way
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Serpentlike beings (classed in the animal realm) living in the water or under the earth and endowed with magical powers and wealth. The most powerful ones have several heads
klu;nagas;Serpentlike beings (classed in the animal realm) living in the water or under the earth and endowed with magical powers and wealth. The most powerful ones have several heads
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(1) A scripture containing the teachings of the Buddha; (2) the Sutrapitaka (mdo sde), the one of the Three Pitakas that deals with meditation
mdo;sutra;(1) A scripture containing the teachings of the Buddha;(2) the Sutrapitaka (mdo sde), the one of the Three Pitakas that deals with meditation
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“wind,” being described as “light and mobile”: any one of a number of subtle energies that regulate the functions of the body and influence the mind, which is said to ride or be carried on the rlung like a rider on a horse. Mastery of these subtle energies in the perfection phase greatly enhances the practitioner's realization.
rlung;energy;energy;prana;vayu;“wind,” being described as “light and mobile”: any one of a number of subtle energies that regulate the functions of the body and influence the mind, which is said to ride or be carried on the rlung like a rider on a horse. Mastery of these subtle energies in the perfection phase greatly enhances the practitioner's realization.
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A form of prayer comprising seven parts: prostration, offering, confession, rejoicing, requesting the teachers to turn the wheel of Dharma, requesting them not to pass into nirvana, and dedication of merit
yan lag bdun;seven branches;seven branches;A form of prayer comprising seven parts: prostration, offering, confession, rejoicing, requesting the teachers to turn the wheel of Dharma, requesting them not to pass into nirvana, and dedication of merit
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The consciousnesses related to vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and mentation
rnam shes tshogs drug;six consciousnesses;six consciousnesses;The consciousnesses related to vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and mentation
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One of the most famous Buddhist universities of India, destroyed in the twelfth century
Vikramashila;vikramashila;One of the most famous Buddhist universities of India, destroyed in the twelfth century
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Five aspects of the wisdom of Buddhahood: the wisdom of the absolute space (Tib. chos dbyings kyi ye shes), mirrorlike wisdom (Tib. me long gi ye shes), the wisdom of equality (Tib. mnyam nyid kyi ye shes), discriminating wisdom (Tib. so sor rtog pa'i ye shes), and all-accomplishing wisdom (Tib. bya ba grub pa'i ye shes)
ye shes lnga;five wisdoms;five wisdoms;Five aspects of the wisdom of Buddhahood: the wisdom of the absolute space (Tib. chos dbyings kyi ye shes), mirrorlike wisdom (Tib. me long gi ye shes), the wisdom of equality (Tib. mnyam nyid kyi ye shes), discriminating wisdom (Tib. so sor rtog pa'i ye shes), and all-accomplishing wisdom (Tib. bya ba grub pa'i ye shes)
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This term designates a Buddha or wisdom deity, or sometimes a wealth deity or Dharma protector, as distinct from a nonenlightened god in the world of desire, the world of form, or the world of formlessness.
lha;deity;deity;deva;This term designates a Buddha or wisdom deity, or sometimes a wealth deity or Dharma protector, as distinct from a nonenlightened god in the world of desire, the world of form, or the world of formlessness.
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One of the Four Great Kings (whose god realm is the first in the world of desire); guardian of the North and god of wealth
rnam thos sras;Vaishravana;One of the Four Great Kings (whose god realm is the first in the world of desire);guardian of the North and god of wealth
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Five successive stages in the path to enlightenment: the paths of accumulating, joining, seeing, meditation, and the path beyond learning
lam lnga;five paths;five paths;Five successive stages in the path to enlightenment: the paths of accumulating, joining, seeing, meditation, and the path beyond learning
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The mental state that conceives of subject and object,of an “I” that perceives and a phenomenon that is perceived;duality;duality
The mental state that conceives of subject and object
of an “I” that perceives and a phenomenon that is perceived
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The term used for the various stages of experience between death and the next rebirth, with a wider interpretation that includes the various states of consciousness in life
bar do;intermediate state;intermediate state;The term used for the various stages of experience between death and the next rebirth, with a wider interpretation that includes the various states of consciousness in life
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“basket”: a collection of scriptures, originally in the form of palm leaf folios stored in baskets. The Buddha's teachings are generally divided into three pitakas: Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma
sde snod;pitaka;“basket”: a collection of scriptures, originally in the form of palm leaf folios stored in baskets. The Buddha's teachings are generally divided into three pitakas: Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma
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The Buddha to come, the fifth in this present kalpa. He is one of the eight principal Bodhisattva disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni
byams pa;Maitreya;The Buddha to come, the fifth in this present kalpa. He is one of the eight principal Bodhisattva disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni
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“one who listens”: a follower of the Basic Vehicle whose goal is to attain liberation for himself as an Arhat
nyan thos;Shravaka;“one who listens”: a follower of the Basic Vehicle whose goal is to attain liberation for himself as an Arhat
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Also called the Diamond Vehicle or Adamantine Vehicle.
rdo rje theg pa;Vajrayana;Also called the Diamond Vehicle or Adamantine Vehicle.
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“the mind of enlightenment”: on the relative level, it is the wish to attain Buddhahood for the sake of all beings, as well as the practice of the path of love, compassion, the six transcendent perfections, etc. necessary for achieving that goal; on the absolute level, it is the direct insight into the ultimate nature
byang chub kyi sems;bodhichitta;“the mind of enlightenment”: on the relative level, it is the wish to attain Buddhahood for the sake of all beings, as well as the practice of the path of love, compassion, the six transcendent perfections, etc. necessary for achieving that goal;on the absolute level, it is the direct insight into the ultimate nature
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The ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-three
brgya byin;Indra;The ruler of the Heaven of the Thirty-three
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A great Indian master who expounded the teachings of the Middle Way and composed numerous philosophical and medical treatises
klu sgrub (first-second century);Nagarjuna;nagarjuna;A great Indian master who expounded the teachings of the Middle Way and composed numerous philosophical and medical treatises
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Any one of the texts on which the Vajrayana teachings are based. They reveal the continuity between the original purity of the nature of mind and the result of the path, which is the realization of that nature
rgyud;tantra;Any one of the texts on which the Vajrayana teachings are based. They reveal the continuity between the original purity of the nature of mind and the result of the path, which is the realization of that nature
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“all-concealing truth”: the apparent truth perceived and taken as real by the deluded mind, which conceals the true nature of phenomena.
kun rdzob bden pa;“all-concealing truth”: the apparent truth perceived and taken as real by the deluded mind, which conceals the true nature of phenomena.
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rnal 'byor pa;yogi;A person practicing a spiritual path
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Chenrezi, the Bodhisattva of Compassion and essence of the speech of all the Buddhas
spyan ras gzigs;Avalokiteshvara;avalokiteshvara;Avalokiteshvara;Chenrezi, the Bodhisattva of Compassion and essence of the speech of all the Buddhas
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A tenth-level Bodhisattva, one of Buddha Shakyamuni's eight principal Bodhisattva disciples. He embodies the knowledge and wisdom of all the Buddhas and is usually depicted holding the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a book on a lotus in his left
'jam dpal dbyangs;Mañjushri;A tenth-level Bodhisattva, one of Buddha Shakyamuni's eight principal Bodhisattva disciples. He embodies the knowledge and wisdom of all the Buddhas and is usually depicted holding the sword of wisdom in his right hand and a book on a lotus in his left
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The original state of the mind: fresh, vast, luminous, and beyond thought
rig pa;vidya;The original state of the mind: fresh, vast, luminous, and beyond thought
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“Great Seal”: the Great Seal means that the seal of the absolute nature is on everything, that all phenomena belong to the wisdom mandala. The term is used to denote the teaching, the meditation practice, or the supreme accomplishment
phyag rgya chen po;Mahamudra;“Great Seal”: the Great Seal means that the seal of the absolute nature is on everything, that all phenomena belong to the wisdom mandala. The term is used to denote the teaching, the meditation practice, or the supreme accomplishment
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The three vehicles of the Sutrayana (those of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas) and the six vehicles of the Vajrayana (Kriyatantra, Upatantra, Yogatantra, Mahayoga, Anuyoga, and Atiyoga)
theg pa dgu;nine vehicles;nine vehicles;The three vehicles of the Sutrayana (those of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas) and the six vehicles of the Vajrayana (Kriyatantra, Upatantra, Yogatantra, Mahayoga, Anuyoga, and Atiyoga)
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The method for accomplishing the level of a particular deity, for example, the lama, yidam, or dakini
sgrub thabs;sadhana;The method for accomplishing the level of a particular deity, for example, the lama, yidam, or dakini
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A manifestation of supreme enlightenment in the form of sound: syllables which, in the sadhanas of the Secret Mantrayana, protect the mind of the practitioner from ordinary perceptions and invoke the wisdom deities
sngags;mantra;A manifestation of supreme enlightenment in the form of sound: syllables which, in the sadhanas of the Secret Mantrayana, protect the mind of the practitioner from ordinary perceptions and invoke the wisdom deities
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the object in which one takes refuge; the practice of taking refuge
skyabs yul;skyabs 'gro;refuge;refuge;the object in which one takes refuge;the practice of taking refuge
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The prominence on the head of a Buddha, one of the thirty-two major marks
gtsug tor;crown protuberance;crown protuberance;ushnisha;The prominence on the head of a Buddha, one of the thirty-two major marks
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(1) A spiritual teacher, explained as the contraction of bla na med pa (lit. “nothing superior”); (2) often used loosely for Buddhist monks or yogis in general
bla ma;lama;lama;guru;(1) A spiritual teacher, explained as the contraction of bla na med pa (lit. “nothing superior”);(2) often used loosely for Buddhist monks or yogis in general
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dge ba'i gshes gnyen;spiritual friend;spiritual friend;kalyanamitra;A synonym for spiritual teacher
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(eleventh-twelfth century) An Indian siddha who established the teachings of the Shijepa (Tib. zhi byed pa) School. Teacher of Machik Labdrön, to whom he transmitted the Chö teachings. He travelled to Tibet several times
pha dam pa sangs rgyas;Padampa Sangye;padampa sangye;(eleventh-twelfth century) An Indian siddha who established the teachings of the Shijepa (Tib. zhi byed pa) School. Teacher of Machik Labdrön, to whom he transmitted the Chö teachings. He travelled to Tibet several times
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The normal preoccupations of unrealized people without a clear spiritual perspective. They are: gain and loss, pleasure and pain, praise and criticism, fame and infamy
'jig rten chos brgyad;eight ordinary concerns;eight ordinary concerns;The normal preoccupations of unrealized people without a clear spiritual perspective. They are: gain and loss, pleasure and pain, praise and criticism, fame and infamy
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(1) The original Buddha (Adibuddha), the source of the lineage of the tantra transmissions of the Nyingma School; he who has never fallen into delusion, the Dharmakaya Buddha, represented as a naked figure, deep blue like the sky, in union with Samantabhadri, as a symbol of awareness-emptiness, the pure, absolute nature, ever present and unobstructed; (2) the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, one of the eight principal Bodhisattva disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni, renowned for the way in which, through the power of his concentration, he miraculously multiplied the offerings he made
kun tu bzang po;Samantabhadra;(1) The original Buddha (Adibuddha), the source of the lineage of the tantra transmissions of the Nyingma School;he who has never fallen into delusion, the Dharmakaya Buddha, represented as a naked figure, deep blue like the sky, in union with Samantabhadri, as a symbol of awareness-emptiness, the pure, absolute nature, ever present and unobstructed;(2) the Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, one of the eight principal Bodhisattva disciples of Buddha Shakyamuni, renowned for the way in which, through the power of his concentration, he miraculously multiplied the offerings he made
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Exercises combining visualization, concentration, and physical movements, in which the flow of subtle energies through the subtle channels is controlled and directed. These practices should only be attempted with the proper transmission and guidance, after completing the preliminary practice and achieving some stability in the generation phase
rtsa rlung gi 'phrul 'khor;channels and energies (exercises of);channels and energies (exercises of);Exercises combining visualization, concentration, and physical movements, in which the flow of subtle energies through the subtle channels is controlled and directed. These practices should only be attempted with the proper transmission and guidance, after completing the preliminary practice and achieving some stability in the generation phase
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The vehicle of the Bodhisattvas, referred to as “great” because it aims at full Buddhahood for the sake of all beings
theg pa chen po;Great Vehicle;great vehicle;mahayana;The vehicle of the Bodhisattvas, referred to as “great” because it aims at full Buddhahood for the sake of all beings
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The Buddha's doctrine; the teachings transmitted in the scriptures and the qualities of realization attained through their practice. Note that the Sanskrit word dharma has ten principal meanings, including “anything that can be known.” Vasubandhu defines the Dharma, in its Buddhist sense, as the “protective dharma” (chos skyobs): “It corrects ('chos) every one of the enemies, the afflictive emotions; and it protects (skyobs) us from the lower realms: these two characteristics are absent from other spiritual traditions.”
chos;Dharma;The Buddha's doctrine;the teachings transmitted in the scriptures and the qualities of realization attained through their practice. Note that the Sanskrit word dharma has ten principal meanings, including “anything that can be known.” Vasubandhu defines the Dharma, in its Buddhist sense, as the “protective dharma” (chos skyobs): “It corrects ('chos) every one of the enemies, the afflictive emotions;and it protects (skyobs) us from the lower realms: these two characteristics are absent from other spiritual traditions.”
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The last five of the ten advantages: (1) a Buddha has appeared in the world in which one is, (2) he has taught the doctrine, (3) his teaching has endured until now, (4) there are spiritual friends who can teach it, and (5) one has been accepted as a disciple by such a teacher
gzhan 'byor lnga;five circumstantial advantages;five circumstantial advantages;The last five of the ten advantages: (1) a Buddha has appeared in the world in which one is, (2) he has taught the doctrine, (3) his teaching has endured until now, (4) there are spiritual friends who can teach it, and (5) one has been accepted as a disciple by such a teacher
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A class of beings who, as a result of accumulating positive actions in previous lives, experience immense happiness and comfort, and are therefore considered by non-Buddhists as the ideal state to which they should aspire. Those in the worlds of form and formlessness experience an extended form of the meditation they practiced (without the aim of achieving liberation from samsara) in their previous life. Gods like Indra in the world of desire have, as a result of their merit, a certain power to affect the lives of other beings, and they are therefore worshipped, for example, by Hindus. The same Tibetan and Sanskrit term is also used to refer to enlightened beings, in which case it is more usually translated as “deity.”
lha;gods;gods;deva;A class of beings who, as a result of accumulating positive actions in previous lives, experience immense happiness and comfort, and are therefore considered by non-Buddhists as the ideal state to which they should aspire. Those in the worlds of form and formlessness experience an extended form of the meditation they practiced (without the aim of achieving liberation from samsara) in their previous life. Gods like Indra in the world of desire have, as a result of their merit, a certain power to affect the lives of other beings, and they are therefore worshipped, for example, by Hindus. The same Tibetan and Sanskrit term is also used to refer to enlightened beings, in which case it is more usually translated as “deity.”
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Also modesty, consideration of others: to be ashamed because of what others might think if one commits negative actions. This is one of the seven noble riches
khrel yod;sense of decency;sense of decency;Also modesty, consideration of others: to be ashamed because of what others might think if one commits negative actions. This is one of the seven noble riches
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The third of the five paths; the stage at which a Bodhisattva in meditation gains a genuine experience of emptiness
mthong lam;path of seeing;path of seeing;The third of the five paths;the stage at which a Bodhisattva in meditation gains a genuine experience of emptiness
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Thoughts of hatred, attachment, and so on that prevent one from attaining liberation.
nyon mongs kyi sgrib pa;obscurations of afflictive emotions;obscurations of afflictive emotions;Thoughts of hatred, attachment, and so on that prevent one from attaining liberation.
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The five psycho-physical components into which a person can be analyzed and which together produce the illusion of a self. They are form, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness
phung po lnga;five aggregates;five aggregates;pañchaskandha;The five psycho-physical components into which a person can be analyzed and which together produce the illusion of a self. They are form, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness
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(1016-1100) An Indian pandita and siddha, the disciple of Tilopa and teacher of Marpa the Translator
na ro pa;Naropa;naropa;(1016-1100) An Indian pandita and siddha, the disciple of Tilopa and teacher of Marpa the Translator
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theg dman;Lesser Vehicle;lesser vehicle;hinayana
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A mythical bird symbolizing primal wisdom, of great size and able to fly as soon as it is hatched. The five colors in which it is sometimes represented symbolize the five wisdoms. It is the enemy of the nagas, and is depicted with a snake in its beak, symbolizing consuming the afflictive emotions
khyung;garuda;A mythical bird symbolizing primal wisdom, of great size and able to fly as soon as it is hatched. The five colors in which it is sometimes represented symbolize the five wisdoms. It is the enemy of the nagas, and is depicted with a snake in its beak, symbolizing consuming the afflictive emotions
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The southern continent according to Buddhist cosmology, the world in which we live
'dzam bu gling;Jambudvipa;The southern continent according to Buddhist cosmology, the world in which we live
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The vehicles of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas
theg pa gsum;three vehicles;three vehicles;triyana;The vehicles of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas
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The accumulation of merit (Tib. bsod nams) and the accumulation of wisdom (Tib. ye shes)
tshogs gnyis;two accumulations;two accumulations;The accumulation of merit (Tib. bsod nams) and the accumulation of wisdom (Tib. ye shes)
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The third of the three worlds, at the peak of existence. It comprises the spheres of Infinite Space, Infinite Consciousness, Utter Nothingness, and Neither Existence nor Nonexistence
gzugs med khams;world of formlessness;world of formlessness;arupyadhatu;The third of the three worlds, at the peak of existence. It comprises the spheres of Infinite Space, Infinite Consciousness, Utter Nothingness, and Neither Existence nor Nonexistence
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Obscurations created by negative actions.
las kyi sgrib pa;karmic obscurations;karmic obscurations;Obscurations created by negative actions.
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Tibet's greatest translator and one of the first seven monks to be ordained in Tibet. He was one of the principal disciples of Padmasambhava and of Shri Singha
bai ro tsa na;Vairotsana;vairotsana;Tibet's greatest translator and one of the first seven monks to be ordained in Tibet. He was one of the principal disciples of Padmasambhava and of Shri Singha
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One who has dispelled (Tib. sangs) the darkness of the two obscurations and developed (Tib. rgyas) the two kinds of omniscience (knowing the nature of phenomena and knowing the multiplicity of phenomena)
sangs rgyas;Buddha;One who has dispelled (Tib. sangs) the darkness of the two obscurations and developed (Tib. rgyas) the two kinds of omniscience (knowing the nature of phenomena and knowing the multiplicity of phenomena)
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The practice of Dharma in general, but often used to refer to activities such as prostrations, circumambulation, reciting the scriptures, and so on
dge sbyor;virtuous activities;virtuous activities;The practice of Dharma in general, but often used to refer to activities such as prostrations, circumambulation, reciting the scriptures, and so on
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The most terrible of the hells, also called the Hell of Torment Unsurpassed
mnar med;Hell of Ultimate Torment;hell of ultimate torment;Avichi;The most terrible of the hells, also called the Hell of Torment Unsurpassed
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“union (Tib. 'byor) with the natural state (Tib. rnal ma)”: a term for spiritual practice
rnal 'byor;yoga;“union (Tib. 'byor) with the natural state (Tib. rnal ma)”: a term for spiritual practice
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One of Jigme Lingpa's four principal disciples, and the root teacher of Patrul Rinpoche
'jigs med rgyal ba'i myu gu;Jigme Gyalwa'i Nyugu;jigme gyalwa'i nyugu;One of Jigme Lingpa's four principal disciples, and the root teacher of Patrul Rinpoche
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Mental factors that influence thoughts and actions and produce suffering
nyon mongs pa;afflictive emotions;afflictive emotions;klesha;Mental factors that influence thoughts and actions and produce suffering
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“body of perfect enjoyment”: the spontaneously-luminous aspect of Buddhahood, only perceptible to highly realized beings
longs spyod rdzogs pa'i sku;sambhogakaya;“body of perfect enjoyment”: the spontaneously-luminous aspect of Buddhahood, only perceptible to highly realized beings
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“support of offering”: a symbolic representation of the Buddha's mind. The most typical Buddhist monument, which often has a wide square base, a rounded midsection, and a tall conical upper section topped by a sun and a moon. Stupas frequently contain the relics of enlightened beings. They vary in size from tiny clay models to the vast stupas at Borobodur in Indonesia and Baudha in Nepal
mchod rten;stupa;“support of offering”: a symbolic representation of the Buddha's mind. The most typical Buddhist monument, which often has a wide square base, a rounded midsection, and a tall conical upper section topped by a sun and a moon. Stupas frequently contain the relics of enlightened beings. They vary in size from tiny clay models to the vast stupas at Borobodur in Indonesia and Baudha in Nepal
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A positive or virtuous act that serves as a cause propelling one towards happy states
dge rtsa;source of good;source of good;A positive or virtuous act that serves as a cause propelling one towards happy states
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Also diamond, adamantine thunderbolt: a symbol of unchanging and indestructible wisdom capable of penetrating through everything; a ritual instrument symbolizing compassion, skillful means, or awareness, and always associated with the bell, the symbol of wisdom or emptiness
rdo rje;vajra;Also diamond, adamantine thunderbolt: a symbol of unchanging and indestructible wisdom capable of penetrating through everything;a ritual instrument symbolizing compassion, skillful means, or awareness, and always associated with the bell, the symbol of wisdom or emptiness
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“individual liberation”: the collective term for the different forms of Buddhist ordination and their respective vows, as laid down in the Vinaya
so sor thar pa;Pratimoksha;“individual liberation”: the collective term for the different forms of Buddhist ordination and their respective vows, as laid down in the Vinaya
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A fabulous jewel found in the realms of the gods or nagas that fulfills all one's wishes
yid bzhin nor bu;wish-fulfilling jewel;wish-fulfilling jewel;chintamani;A fabulous jewel found in the realms of the gods or nagas that fulfills all one's wishes
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A mantra that has been blessed by a Buddha or Bodhisattva and has the power to help beings. Several of the sutras contain dharanis, often quite long
gzungs;dharani;A mantra that has been blessed by a Buddha or Bodhisattva and has the power to help beings. Several of the sutras contain dharanis, often quite long
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The first five of the ten advantages: (1) to be born a human, (2) in a region where the Buddha's doctrine is taught, (3) with all one's sense organs complete, (4) with a propensity for positive deeds, and (5) with faith in the Dharma
rang 'byor lnga;five individual advantages;five individual advantages;The first five of the ten advantages: (1) to be born a human, (2) in a region where the Buddha's doctrine is taught, (3) with all one's sense organs complete, (4) with a propensity for positive deeds, and (5) with faith in the Dharma
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The meditation associated with sadhana practice in which one purifies oneself of one's habitual clingings by meditating on forms, sounds, and thoughts as having the nature of deities, mantras, and wisdom.
bskyed rim;generation phase;generation phase;utpattikrama;The meditation associated with sadhana practice in which one purifies oneself of one's habitual clingings by meditating on forms, sounds, and thoughts as having the nature of deities, mantras, and wisdom.
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A proponent of extreme philosophical views such as nihilism and eternalism. This term is often used to imply non-Buddhist religious traditions in India
mu stegs pa;Tirthika;A proponent of extreme philosophical views such as nihilism and eternalism. This term is often used to imply non-Buddhist religious traditions in India
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Unlimited love (Tib. byams pa), compassion (Tib. snying rje), joy (Tib. dga' ba), and equanimity (Tib. btang snyoms)
tshad med bzhi;four boundless qualities;four boundless qualities;Unlimited love (Tib. byams pa), compassion (Tib. snying rje), joy (Tib. dga' ba), and equanimity (Tib. btang snyoms)
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The Dharma protectors fulfill the enlightened activities of the lama in protecting the teaching from being diluted and its transmission from being disturbed or distorted. Protectors are sometimes emanations of Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, and sometimes spirits, gods, or demons who have been subjugated by a great spiritual master and bound under oath
chos skyong;Dharma protector;dharma protector;dharmapala;The Dharma protectors fulfill the enlightened activities of the lama in protecting the teaching from being diluted and its transmission from being disturbed or distorted. Protectors are sometimes emanations of Buddhas or Bodhisattvas, and sometimes spirits, gods, or demons who have been subjugated by a great spiritual master and bound under oath
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(1) A king ruling over a world system; (2) an emperor
'khor lo sgyur ba'i rgyal po;universal monarch;universal monarch;chakravartin;(1) A king ruling over a world system;(2) an emperor
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a class of beings whose jealous nature spoils their enjoyment of their fortunate rebirth in the higher realms and involves them in constant conflict with the gods in the god realms
lha min;asuras;demi-gods;jealous gods;asuras;demi-gods;jealous gods;asura;a class of beings whose jealous nature spoils their enjoyment of their fortunate rebirth in the higher realms and involves them in constant conflict with the gods in the god realms
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punya. The first of the two accumulations. “Merit” is also sometimes used loosely to translate the Tibetan terms dge ba (virtue
positive action) and dge rtsa (sources of good for the future)
bsod nams;merit;merit;punya. The first of the two accumulations. “Merit” is also sometimes used loosely to translate the Tibetan terms dge ba (virtue,positive action) and dge rtsa (sources of good for the future)
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The knowing (shes pa) that has always been present since the beginning (ye nas), awareness, clarity-emptiness, naturally dwelling in all beings
ye shes;primal wisdom;primal wisdom;jñana;The knowing (shes pa) that has always been present since the beginning (ye nas), awareness, clarity-emptiness, naturally dwelling in all beings
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Habitual patterns of thought, speech, or action created by one's attitudes and deeds in past lives
bag chags;habitual tendencies;habitual tendencies;vasana;Habitual patterns of thought, speech, or action created by one's attitudes and deeds in past lives
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Rebirth as a human being free from the eight unfavorable conditions and possessing the ten advantages. This is the only situation in which it is possible to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings properly. According to the Omniscient Longchenpa, the precious human body requires sixteeen further conditions in order to be fully effective, namely freedom from the eight intrusive circumstances and eight incompatible propensities
mi lus rin po che;precious human body;precious human body;Rebirth as a human being free from the eight unfavorable conditions and possessing the ten advantages. This is the only situation in which it is possible to hear and practice the Buddha's teachings properly. According to the Omniscient Longchenpa, the precious human body requires sixteeen further conditions in order to be fully effective, namely freedom from the eight intrusive circumstances and eight incompatible propensities
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“grasping at” or “apprehending two”: the concept of “I” and “other.”
gnyis 'dzin;dualistic;dualistic;“grasping at” or “apprehending two”: the concept of “I” and “other.”
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The ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of phenomena, which can only be known by primal wisdom, beyond all conceptual constructs and duality
don dam bden pa;absolute truth;absolute truth;The ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of phenomena, which can only be known by primal wisdom, beyond all conceptual constructs and duality
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(1308-1363) Also known as the Omniscient Sovereign or King of Dharma: one of the most influential spiritual masters and scholars of the Nyingmapa School. He wrote more than two hundred and fifty treatises covering almost all of Buddhist theory and practice up to the Great Perfection, including the Seven Treasures (mdzod bdun), the Nyingtik Yabzhi (snying tig ya bzhi), the Trilogy of Rest (ngal gso skor gsum), the Trilogy of Natural Freedom (rang grol skor gsum), the Trilogy of Dispelling Darkness (mun sel skor gsum), and the Miscellaneous Writings (gsung thor bu)
klong chen rab 'byams pa;Longchenpa;longchenpa;(1308-1363) Also known as the Omniscient Sovereign or King of Dharma: one of the most influential spiritual masters and scholars of the Nyingmapa School. He wrote more than two hundred and fifty treatises covering almost all of Buddhist theory and practice up to the Great Perfection, including the Seven Treasures (mdzod bdun), the Nyingtik Yabzhi (snying tig ya bzhi), the Trilogy of Rest (ngal gso skor gsum), the Trilogy of Natural Freedom (rang grol skor gsum), the Trilogy of Dispelling Darkness (mun sel skor gsum), and the Miscellaneous Writings (gsung thor bu)
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The most famous disciple of Nagarjuna, whose teaching he commented upon in several treatises on Madhyamika philosophy (second century)
'phags pa lha;Aryadeva;aryadeva;Aryadeva;The most famous disciple of Nagarjuna, whose teaching he commented upon in several treatises on Madhyamika philosophy (second century)
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“The Joyous”: one of the realms of the gods in the world of desire, in which Buddha Shakyamuni took a final rebirth before appearing in this world. The future Buddha, Maitreya, is currently in the Tushita Heaven teaching the Mahayana
dga' ldan;Tushita Heaven;tushita heaven;“The Joyous”: one of the realms of the gods in the world of desire, in which Buddha Shakyamuni took a final rebirth before appearing in this world. The future Buddha, Maitreya, is currently in the Tushita Heaven teaching the Mahayana
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The view that denies the existence of past and future lives, the principle of cause and effect, and so on. One of the extreme views refuted by the proponents of the Middle Way
chad par lta ba;nihilism;nihilism;The view that denies the existence of past and future lives, the principle of cause and effect, and so on. One of the extreme views refuted by the proponents of the Middle Way
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Also known as hungry ghosts or spirits: a class of beings whose attachment and miserliness in previous lives result in constant hunger and the frustration of their desires
yi dvags;pretas;Also known as hungry ghosts or spirits: a class of beings whose attachment and miserliness in previous lives result in constant hunger and the frustration of their desires
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“moving through space”: the feminine principle associated with wisdom and with the enlightened activities of the lama. This term has several levels of meaning. There are ordinary dakinis, who are beings with a certain degree of spiritual power, and wisdom dakinis, who are fully realized
mkha' 'gro ma;dakini;“moving through space”: the feminine principle associated with wisdom and with the enlightened activities of the lama. This term has several levels of meaning. There are ordinary dakinis, who are beings with a certain degree of spiritual power, and wisdom dakinis, who are fully realized
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“one who has gone to thusness”: an epithet of a Buddha
de bzhin gshegs pa;Tathagata;“one who has gone to thusness”: an epithet of a Buddha
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The birthplace near Rajagriha of the Buddha's disciple Shariputra, which much later, starting in the time of the Gupta kings (fifth century), became one of the great centers of learning in Buddhist India. It was destroyed around A.D. 1200
Nalanda;nalanda;The birthplace near Rajagriha of the Buddha's disciple Shariputra, which much later, starting in the time of the Gupta kings (fifth century), became one of the great centers of learning in Buddhist India. It was destroyed around A.D. 1200
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The gods' realms, the asuras' realm, and the human realm
mtho ris;higher realms;higher realms;The gods' realms, the asuras' realm, and the human realm
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The philosophical doctrine propounded by Nagarjuna and his followers, the Middle Way that avoids the extremes of existence and nonexistence
dbu ma;Madhyamika;The philosophical doctrine propounded by Nagarjuna and his followers, the Middle Way that avoids the extremes of existence and nonexistence
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One of the schools of the New Tradition, founded by Khön Könchok Gyalpo (1034-1102)
sa skya pa;Sakyapa;sakyapa;One of the schools of the New Tradition, founded by Khön Könchok Gyalpo (1034-1102)
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(1) The Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, (2) the Dharma protectors, (3) the beings of the six realms, and (4) those with whom we have karmic debts.
mgron bzhi;four guests;four guests;(1) The Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, (2) the Dharma protectors, (3) the beings of the six realms, and (4) those with whom we have karmic debts.
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A gesture of reverence, in which the forehead, the two hands, and the two knees touch the ground
phyag 'tshal ba;prostration;prostration;A gesture of reverence, in which the forehead, the two hands, and the two knees touch the ground
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“the supreme mountain”: the four-sided mountain in the form of an inverted pyramid that is the center of our universe according to Buddhist cosmology
ri rab;Mount Meru;mount meru;“the supreme mountain”: the four-sided mountain in the form of an inverted pyramid that is the center of our universe according to Buddhist cosmology
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An important Indian master who held an important place in the lineages of the Great Perfection. He went to Tibet in the eighth century, where he taught extensively, and composed and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. The quintessence of his teaching is known as the Vima Nyingtik
dri med bshes bnyen;Vimalamitra;vimalamitra;An important Indian master who held an important place in the lineages of the Great Perfection. He went to Tibet in the eighth century, where he taught extensively, and composed and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. The quintessence of his teaching is known as the Vima Nyingtik
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“one who has gone to bliss”: an epithet of a Buddha
bde bar gshegs pa;Sugata;“one who has gone to bliss”: an epithet of a Buddha
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(1) Making material offerings, (2) helping him through physical, verbal, or mental tasks, and (3) practicing what he teaches
mnyes pa gsum;three ways of pleasing the teacher;three ways of pleasing the teacher;(1) Making material offerings, (2) helping him through physical, verbal, or mental tasks, and (3) practicing what he teaches
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