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The Vinaya Collection, Sūtra Collection, and Abhidharma Collection. See also collection. +
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The collective terms for the sense objects, sense faculties, and sense consciousnesses (form, the eye, and the eye consciousness, for example). Since there are six sense organs (including the mind), there are eighteen sense spheres in all. +
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A person practicing a spiritual path. +
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One of the principal schools of the Great Vehicle, based on the teachings of the third turning of the wheel of the Dharma and propagated by Asaṅga, Vasubandhu, and their followers. Its philosophical tenets included the doctrine of mind-only (cittamātra), the eight consciousnesses, the ground of all as the storehouse of karmic tendencies, and the three natures or realities. +
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This term is applied to followers of the Lesser Vehicle who attain liberation (the cessation of suffering) on their own, without the help of a spiritual teacher. Although some solitary realizers with sharp intellects remain alone “like rhinoceroses,” others with dull minds need to stay in large groups, “like flocks of parrots.” Solitary realizers’ practice consists, in particular, of meditation on the twelve links of dependent arising. +
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The twelve types of teaching given by the Buddha, corresponding to twelve kinds of text: condensed (Tib. ''mdo sde'', Skt. sūtra), melodious (''dbyangs bsnyan, geya''), prophetic (''lung bstan, vyākaraṇa''), verse (''tshigs bcad, gāthā''), spoken with a purpose (''ched brjod, udāna''), contextual (''gleng gzhi, nidāna''—questions, talks, etc.), concerning his past lives (''skyes rab, jātaka''), marvelous (''rmad byung, adbhuta-dharma''), establishing a truth (''gtan babs, upadeśa''), biographical or “expressing realization” (''rtogs brjod, avadāna''), historical (''de ltar byung, itivṛittaka''), and very detailed (''shin tu rgyas pa, vaipulya''). +
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The last of the five paths, the culmination of the path to perfect enlightenment—buddhahood. +
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The accumulation of merit (Tib. ''bsod nams'') and the accumulation of wisdom (Tib. ''ye shes''). +
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A serpent-like being (classed in the animal realm) living in the water or under the earth and endowed with magical powers and wealth. The most powerful ones have several heads. In Indian mythology they are preyed on by the garudas. +
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Obscurations related to defilements, or defilement-related obscurations (''nyon sgrib''), and those that obscure knowledge, or cognitive obscurations (''shes sgrib''). +
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In general, the past, present, and future. +
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This term, used in apposition to purity, covers both the truth of suffering and the truth of the origin—in other words, saṃsāra and the whole process that results in saṃsāra. It is the opposite of purity. +
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The hell in which the very worst suffering is experienced, for incalculable periods of time. +
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Also called complete purity. This term, used in apposition to defilement, covers the truth of cessation and the truth of the path, both the purity that is nirvāṇa and the process of purification that leads to nirvāṇa. It is the opposite of defilement. +
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Depending on context, the extreme of saṃsāra and the extreme of nirvāṇa; the extremes of existence and nonexistence; the extremes of pleasurable indulgence and excessive austerity. +
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The nondual ultimate reality that is neither existent nor nonexistent, neither the same nor different, neither produced nor destroyed, subject to neither growth nor diminution, neither pure nor impure. +
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Also translated as “renunciation” and, depending on context, “certain deliverance.” The deeply felt wish to achieve liberation from cyclic existence. See also certain deliverance. +
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Generosity, discipline, patience, diligence, concentration, and wisdom. +
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The sixth of the six transcendent perfections. The ability to understand correctly, usually with the particular sense of understanding emptiness. +
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The ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of phenomena, which can only be known by gnosis, beyond all conceptual constructs and duality. See also relative truth. +
