One of five sacred places blessed by Padmasambhava. Situated 30 km northeast of Lhasa, it is famous for caves used for meditation by the Lotus-Born master and his consort Yeshe Tsogyal, as well as by the 10th century scholar Atisha. +
buddhafields; manifested through the aspirations of a bodhisattva in conjunction with the merit of sentient beings. According to the tantras, a buddhafield is an expression of the awakened state. A practitioner can take rebirth in Sukhavati, the pure land of Buddha Amitabha, at the moment of death or during the bardo through a combination of pure faith, sufficient merit, and one-pointed determination. +
practice to develop the blissful inner heat to refine the subtle vajra body, consume obscurations and to bring forth realization. One of the Six Doctrines of Naropa; practiced primarily in the Kagyu lineage. +
chief disciple and successor of Manjushrimitra in the lineage of the Dzogchen teachings; born in Khotan; his disciples were four outstanding masters: Jnanasutra, Vimalamitra, Padmasambhava and the Tibetan translator Vairochana; the latter three were responsible for bringing the canonical scriptures of Dzogchen to Tibet. +
''Manjushri Nama Sangirti Expressed in Songs of Praise''. A tantra in six hundred verses belonging to Kriya Yoga known to all Tibetan Buddhists as ''Jampal Tsenjö''. It is text number 424 in the Tsamdrak edition of ''Collected Nyingma Tantras (Nyingma Gyuma)''. Translated as ''Chanting the Names of Manjushri'', A. Wayman, Shambhala Publications. +
the ''Three Sections of the Great Perfection''; after Garab Dorje established the six million four hundred thousand tantras of Dzogchen in the human world, his chief disciple, Manjushrimitra, arranged these tantras into three categories: the Mind Section emphasizing luminosity, the Space Section emphasizing emptiness, and the Instruction Section emphasizing their inseparability. They represent the most profound or subtle spiritual literature present in this world. +
disciple who receives a teaching and/or empowerment, realizes its intent and is capable of passing it on to others. A lama may hold many lineages of teaching. +