thabs;upaya;Skillful means. Insight (''prajñā'') in action. In tantric iconography, ''upāya'' is represented by the male deity. He is active compassion. His partner, the female deity consort, represents highest insight. Thus, the symbol of complete and perfected enlightenment is shown to be the perfect "union" of these two. +
zuṅ Jug;yuganaddha;Throughout these translations, this term is rendered "total integration." A common rendering is "union," as between any number of standard technical pairs, such as the "illusory body and the clear light";but the sense is that the two no longer remain two separate entities. "Total integration" is the fifth and final division of "Completion Stage" practice. Yogically, its practice involves continued mastery in forcing the consciousness-bearing "energy winds" (''prāṇa'') into the central channel (''avadhūti'') of the arcane body generated by the practicing adept. Its accomplishment is the simultaneous experience of bliss and voidness. +
za ma tog;karaṇḍa;In ordinary speech, this term means "basker," "carrier," or "receptacle." It sometimes also refers to the human body. In the namtar of Chökyi Dorje, however, the term is used in a mystic sense. Here it is but a prop, a form taken on by the ''siddha'' so that he might teach others. Having achieved the "rainbow body" through his practice of Mahāmudrā, he merely assumes the appearance of having a physical body so that he can communicate the teachings. +
dam tshig;samaya;The special vows of commitment, especially those in tantric practice between a guru and disciple. The most important ''samaya'' is maintaining a proper attitude towards one's root guru. +
śes rab;prajñā;Insight of the highest order, especially that which cognizes the true meaning of voidness (''śūnyatā''). It is defined as being of three types: that insight gained by "hearing" the Doctrine (Skt. ''śrūta-mayi-prajñā''), that gained by "pondering and reflecting" upon it (''cinta-mayi- prajñā''), and that gained through "cultivating meditation" upon it (''bhāvanā-mayi-prajñā''). The last practice engenders the culminating achievement, since it leads to direct realization of the teachings and, thereby, to complete liberation. +
rnal 'byor;yoga;The term ''yoga'' is derived from the Sanskrit root, ''yuj'', "to join together." Thus, it generally refers to practices-both physical and mental- aimed at bringing about a state of holistic integration. +
Lhag mthoṅ;vipaśyanā;Literally, "higher seeing" or "higher vision." The term refers to that stage of meditative achievement wherein clear discriminative attention is brought to bear on a given object of meditation. The stage of "higher seeing" follows that of "calm abiding" and so represents a type of "discerning" that is of a higher order. +
sdom pa;saṃvara;Vows, especially the three "sets" of vows: monastic discipline [''pratimokḶa'' vows], the Mahāyāna's "Thought of Enlightenment" [''bodhicitta'' vows], and tantric practice [''vajrayāna'' vows] . +