Guru, yidam, and dharmapāla. These three are objects of refuge in the vajrayāna in addition to the three jewels. The lineage gurus are the root or source of blessings (S: adhiṣṭhāna). The yidams are the root of attainment (S: siddhi). The dharmapālas are the root of enlightened action (the four karmas: pacifying, enriching, magnetizing, and destroying). The root guru embodies them all. +
Siddhis or accomplishments are either ordinary or supreme. The eight ordinary siddhis involve mastery over the phenomenal world. An example is the siddhi of the sword, the touch of which is said to grant whatever is wished. Supreme siddhi is enlightenment. +
The four ways a bodhisattva gathers students and spreads the dharma: (1) generosity, providing necessities so that students will be attracted to the dharma; (2) praise, being generous in a pleasing and kind way; (3) acting in accord with local customs, so that students will understand the bodhisattva's actions; and (4) actions that benefit students. +
A wrathful or semi-wrathful female yidam, signifying compassion, emptiness, and prajñā. The ḍākinīs are tricky and playful, representing the basic space of fertility out of which the play of sarṃsāra and nirvāṇa arises. They inspire the union of skillful means and prajñā. More generally, a ḍākinī can be a type of messenger or protector. +
E is the seed syllable for the feminine principle-emptiness, prajñā; VAṂ is the seed syllable for the masculine principle-form, upāya. EVAṂ is the union of prajñā and upāya-space and indestructibility. +
A term in fruition tantra. This refers to a yogin who has completely transmuted physical experience into basic space. Though he retains an apparent body during his lifetime, at death his body may dissolve into luminosity. It is said that sometimes only hair and nails remain. +
Maitrī (friendliness), karuṇa (compassion), muditā (joy), and upekṣā (impartiality). These are a catalyst to the bodhisattva's attitude. When these have a conditional reference point, they are also referred to as the" dwelling places of Brahmā" (S: brahmavihāra). The bodhisattva sees these as indivisible with śūnyatā, and in this case, they are called "immeasurables." As Longchenpa says,<br><small>A man who has become a site for spiritual growth by having taken refuge<br>Will cultivate his mind for the welfare of beings.<br>By letting the flower of compassion blossom in the soil of friendliness<br>And tending it with the pure water of equanimity in the cool shade of joy.</small><br><small>[Herbert V. Guenther, trans. ''Kindly Bent to Ease Us'', Vol. I, Emeryville, CA: Dharma Publishing, 1975, p. 113]</small> +