mchod rten;stupa;chörten;chörten;A monument often containing relics of Buddhist saints, as well as mandalas, hundred of thousands of mantras, sacred books, and earth from various sacred places. Stupas symbolize the enlightened mind of the buddhas, while statues symbolize the enlightened body and books symbolize the enlightened speech. There are many kinds ofstupas, which are all built according to well-defined proportions. It is said that they bring great benefit to the land where they are built and contribute to reducing conflicts, famines, and other causes of suffering throughout the world. +
mkhan po;Khenpo;khenpo;A title for a person, mostly in the Nyingma, Sakya, and Kagyu traditions, who has completed the major course of nine to twelve years of studying traditional Buddhist philosophy, logic, Vinaya, and other subjects, and afterward has been authorized to teach. This title can also refer to the abbot of a monastery of any of the four traditions or the preceptor from whom one receives ordination. +
tshogs;ganachakra;A sacred feast or ritual of fering in tantric Buddhism in which oblations of food and drink are blessed as the elixir of wisdom and offered to the yidam deity as well as to the mandala of one's own body. +
dharmakaya;One of the three bodies (''kayas'') of the Buddha, the dharmakaya is the formless body of enlightened qualities and the absolute dimension of enlightenment. +
rnal 'byor;yoga;naljor;naljor;A term commonly used to refer to spiritual practice. ''Yoga'' literally means "joining" or "union" with the natural state of the mind. +
dakini script;dakini script;Text written in symbolic letters, said to be used by the dakinis, which can only be read by certain treasure revealers (tertöns). +
'pho ba;phowa;phowa;A ritual performed at the moment of death, either by a lama or by a dying practitioner, for the transference of consciousness to a buddhafield where enlightenment will ultimately be attained. In its quintessential form, it consists in merging with the Guru's enlightened mind at the time of death. Phowa is also practiced during one's lifetime, combined with a longevity practice, as a training to be fully applied at the time ofdeath. +
nirmanakaya;tulku;tulku;One of the three bodies (''kayas'') of the Buddha, the nirmanakaya ("manifestation body") is the manifestation in physical form. +