The native religion of Tibet, according to Tibetan Buddhists. It was first promulgated in Shangshung (T: zhang-zhung), an ancient name of the province of Guge in western Tibet, west of lake Manasarovar. +
Certain abilities that the Buddha possessed and which may be attained through meditation practice. There are several lists of abhijñās, which include the ability to hear and see for great distances, reading others' minds, and so on. These are more mundane compared to the final abhijñā, the wisdom of the termination of defilements (S: āśravakṣayajñāna), marking the attainment of the arhat. +
In the early texts, one who attains liberation from saṃsāra without the benefit of a teacher and does not teach others. In the Tibetan tradition, the pratyekabuddha became a symbol of a certain stage of enlightenment. He concentrates on individual liberation through examining the twelvefold chain of dependent co-origination, pratītyasamutpāda. It is also the name of the second of the nine yānas.<br> Regarded positively, he is worthy of veneration as among the awakened ones. Regarded negatively, his spiritual arrogance and fear of saṃsāra prevent him from completely developing skillful means and compassion. Hence, his enlightenment is only partial. +
A mahākalī who has been a traditional protector of the Practice Lineage since the time of Nāropa and Marpa. She is dark blue, wearing the skull crown and bone ornaments. She wields in her four arms a mirror of judgment, a skull cup, a hooked knife, and a phurba. She rides on a donkey with a white blaze. +
S: standing over, resting upon; T: splendor wave-conveying the sense of atmosphere descending or coming toward the practitioner) One's root guru and lineage gurus are said to be the source of blessings. When the student can open himself with uncontrived devotion, the grace of the lineage manifests as blessings, which dissolve into and awaken him to a sense of greater reality. +
A student of Gampopa. His students founded the eight lesser lineages within the Kagyü lineage. He is also known as Khampa Dorgyal or Dorje Gyalpo (T: rdo-rje-rgyal-po). +
Pretas inhabit one of the three lower realms of saṃsāra. They suffer the obsession of hunger and craving. It is said that even if they came upon a lake of pure fresh water, due to their heavy karmic obscurations, they would experience it as an undrinkable pool of pus. Pretas are depicted with very large bellies and very thin necks. +
Originally a disciple who actually heard the teachings of the Buddha directly. It is also the name of the first of the nine yānas, in which the practitioner concentrates on basic meditation practice and an understanding of basic Buddhist doctrines such as the four noble truths. +
The oral commentary that a vajra master gives to his students concerning a particular abhiṣeka or sādhana. It generally is given after the reading transmission and abhiṣeka itself. +
Originally a Hindu deity, an emanation of Śiva. In the vajrayāna, Rudra is the personification of the destructive principle of ultimate ego. Traditionally, Rudra was a student who perverted the teachings, eventually killing his guru. Rudrahood is the complete opposite of buddhahood. +
One of the two stages of sādhana practice. In sampannakrama, the practitioner dissolves the visualization of the sādhana and meditates formlessly. This breaks any fixation that may have developed from the visualization. Sampannakrama is the key practice which defines the nontheistic approach. Utpattikrama arises from sampannakrama. Visualization being based on nonego allows the deities to naturally arise from the practitioner's mind. ''See also'' utpattikrama. +