A student of Gampopa. His students founded the eight lesser lineages within the Kagyü lineage. He is also known as Khampa Dorgyal or Dorje Gyalpo (T: rdo-rje-rgyal-po). +
Pretas inhabit one of the three lower realms of saṃsāra. They suffer the obsession of hunger and craving. It is said that even if they came upon a lake of pure fresh water, due to their heavy karmic obscurations, they would experience it as an undrinkable pool of pus. Pretas are depicted with very large bellies and very thin necks. +
Originally a disciple who actually heard the teachings of the Buddha directly. It is also the name of the first of the nine yānas, in which the practitioner concentrates on basic meditation practice and an understanding of basic Buddhist doctrines such as the four noble truths. +
The oral commentary that a vajra master gives to his students concerning a particular abhiṣeka or sādhana. It generally is given after the reading transmission and abhiṣeka itself. +
Originally a Hindu deity, an emanation of Śiva. In the vajrayāna, Rudra is the personification of the destructive principle of ultimate ego. Traditionally, Rudra was a student who perverted the teachings, eventually killing his guru. Rudrahood is the complete opposite of buddhahood. +
One of the two stages of sādhana practice. In sampannakrama, the practitioner dissolves the visualization of the sādhana and meditates formlessly. This breaks any fixation that may have developed from the visualization. Sampannakrama is the key practice which defines the nontheistic approach. Utpattikrama arises from sampannakrama. Visualization being based on nonego allows the deities to naturally arise from the practitioner's mind. ''See also'' utpattikrama. +
A semiwrathful yidam in the Cakrasaṃvara cycle. She is red, with one face and two arms, young and beautiful but enraged and wearing ornaments of human bones. She represents the transformation of ignorance and passion into śūnyatā and compassion. In the Kagyü tradition, her sādhana is often given as the students' entry into anuttarayoga practice. +
Generally, upāya conveys the sense that enlightened beings teach the dharma skillfully, taking into consideration the various needs, abilities, and shortcomings of their students. Upāya is an expression of compassion. In the bodhisattva's discipline, it corresponds to the first five pāramitās and to relative bodhicitta. By prajñā alone, without upāya, the bodhisattva is fettered to a quietistic nirvāṇa. By upāya without prajñā, one remains bound to saṃsāra. Therefore the practitioner must unify them.<br> In vajrayāna, upāya arises from śūnyatā. It is joined with prajñā and represents the male, form aspect of the union of form and emptiness. +
Awareness and compassion lead the practitioner to experience śūnyatā. From that comes luminosity, manifesting as the purity and sacredness of the phenomenal world. Since the sacredness comes out of śūnyatā, the absence of preconceptions, it is neither a religious nor a secular vision-that is, spiritual and secular vision could meet. Moreover, sacred outlook is not conferred by any god. Seen clearly, the world is self-existingly sacred. +
One of the five buddha families, the vajra family is associated with the buddha Akṣobhya of the eastern direction. Its quality is pristince clarity, indestructibility. In general, the term vajra conveys the sense of what is beyond arising and ceasing and hence indestructible. A vajra is also a ritual scepter used in vajrayāna practice. +