Tsampa;tsampa;powdered form of roasted barley;a staple food of the Tibetans. People nowadays make it out of roasted wheat and maize, but still call it tsampa. +
Demong;demong;a gorilla-like animal found in Tibet and the adjoining Himalayan regions. This is probably what some adventurers have called yeti, the abominable snow man. +
'jam dbyang raya mtsho;JAMYANG GYAMTSO;jamyang gyamtso;(17??-1800) One of Shabkar's root teachers. He was a highly accomplished master thoroughly versed in the teachings of both the Nyingma and Sarma traditions;he instructed Shabkar in the mind-training teachings and gave him many empowerments from the cycles of Nyingma treasures, including the Longchen Nyingthig of the vidyadhara Jigme Lingpa. +
ye shes rdo rje;JNANAVAJRA;jnanavajra;An Indian master and author of a commentary on the Lankavatara-sutra, the Tathagata-hridayalamkara (de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying pa rgyan), preserved in the Tengyur collection. +
dge lugs pa;GELUGPA;gelugpa;One of the New Translation schools, founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357-1419). Its head is the Throne Holder of Ganden Monastery, and its most illustrious member is His Holiness the Dalai Lama. +
dpa' bo;DAKA;daka;A name given in the tantras to male Bodhisattvas;the male counterpart of a dakini. A worldly daka is a being endowed with certain preternatural powers, not necessarily beneficent. +
JIGME LINGPA;jigme lingpa;(1730-1798) One of the most important figures in the Nyingma lineage, an. incarnation of both the master Vimalamitra and the Dharma king Trisong Detsen. He was closely associated with Gyalwa·Longchenpa, whom he encountered in a series of important visions. His Dharma treasure, the Longchen Nyingthig, remains to this day one of the most important md widely practiced meditative systems in the N)ingma school. +
TARANATHA KUNGA NYINGPO;taranatha kunga nyingpo;(1575-1635): A famous scholar and the most eminent master of the Jonang tradition. One of the leading exponents of the "extraneous emptiness" view (gzhan stong). +
nyan thos;SHRAVAKA;shravaka;One who hears the teachings of the Buddha, practices them, and transmits them to others with a view to his or her personal liberation from samsara. Shravakas are practitioners of the Root Vehicle, or Hinayana, which is often for that reason called the Shravakayana. +
NYINGMAPA;nyingmapa;or Ancient Translation School, rnying ma The original tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. Its adherents study and practice the tantras, and their related teachings, translated in the first period between the introduction of the Buddha Dharma to Tibet in the eighth century and the period of the new translations inaugurated by Rinchen Zangpo (958-1051) after the persecution by Langdarma. +
lang kar gshegs pa'i mdo;LANKAVATARA-SUTRA;lankavatara-sutra;A Mahayana sutra of the third turning of the Dharma wheel that belongs, according to Gyalwa Longchenpa, Karma Rangjung Dorje, and Kongtrul Lodrothaye and others, to the teachings of the ultimate meaning. Chandrakirti classified this sutra as being of expedient meaning, in line with the teaching of the Aksayamatinirdesha-sutra, which, however, does not mention or take into account the three turnings of the Dharma wheel. For an excellent discussion of this topic, see Susan K. Hookham, The Buddha Within: Tathagatagarbha Doctrine According to the Shentong Interpretation of the Ratnagotravibhaga (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991 ). +
ye shes dpal bzang po;JNANASHRIBHADRA;jnanashribhadra;An Indian master and author of a commentary on the Lankavataru-sutra, the Alya-lankavatara-vritti, preserved in the Tengyur collection. +
sor phreng can gyi mdo;ANGULIMALA-SUTRA;angulimala-sutra;A Mahayana sutra belonging to the third turning of the Dharma wheel. It expounds the doctrine of the tathagatagarbha. +