dri med bshes gnyen;VIMALAMITRA;vimalamitra;One of the greatest masters and scholars of Indian Buddhism. He went to Tibet in the ninth century where he taught and translated numerous Sanskrit texts. He was one of the principal sources, together with Guru Padmasambhava, of the Dzogchen teachings of Tibet. +
lcang skya rol pa'i rdo rje;CHANGKYA ROLPE DORJE;changkya rolpe dorje;(1717-1786) A major scholar and prolific writer of the Gelugpa school. He had close connections with Mongolia and China, presiding over the translation of the Kangyur into Manchu and the translation and revision of the Tengyur into Mongolian. He composed the celebrated encyclopedic description of Buddhist teachings, The Presentation of the Tenets (grub mtha'i rnam par bzhag pa). +
KAMALASHILA;kamalashila;(713-763) The principal disciple of Shantarakshita and an exponent with him of the Yogachara-Madhyamika school. He was invited to Tibet, where he successfully debated against the Chinese master Hoshang Mahayana, thereby establishing the gradual approach of the Indian tradition as normative for Tibetan Buddhism. +
chos rgyal ngag gi dbang po;CHÖGYAL NGAKYI WANGPO;chögyal ngakyi wangpo;(1759-1807) Also known as Ngawang Dargye;a Mongolian king living in the,Blue Lake (Kokonor) region who was a celebrated Nyingmapa master and disciple of the first Dodrupchen Rinpoche. +
klu grub;NAGARJUNA;nagarjuna;A great second-century master of the Mahayana and founder of the Madhyamika system of thought closely associated with the Prajnaparamita-sutras. +
de bzhin gshegs pa'i snying po;TATHAGATAGARBHA;tathagatagarbha;The essence of buddhahood, the luminous and empty nature of the mind, which is present, albeit veiled, in all sentient beings. When the obscuring veils are removed and it is revealed, it is Tathagata, or buddhahood. +
mi la ras pa;MILAREPA;milarepa;(1040-1123) One of the greatest yogis and poets of Tibet. He was one of the foremost disciples of Marpa the Translator, founder of the Kagyu lineage. +
lhas byin;DEVADATTA;devadatta;A cousin of Shakyamuni Buddha whose extreme jealousy prevented him from receiving any benefit from the Buddha's teachings. +
'brom ston;DROMTÖN;dromtön;Atisha's renowned Tibetan lay disciple (1004-1064). He built the monastery of Reting (rwa greng). which became the center of the Kadampa tradition. +
yon tan 'od;GUNAPRABHA;gunaprabha;(4th century C.E.) A disciple of Vasubandhu and great authority on the Vinaya, he composed the celebrated Vinaya-sutra ('dul ba'i mdo rtsa). +
mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang;KHEDRUP JE;khedrup je;(1385-1438) One of the two most important disciples (the other being Gyaltsap Je) of Je Tsongkhapa, founder of the Gelugpa school. +
BUDDHA DIPAMKARA;buddha dipamkara;A Buddha who appeared in remote antiquity. During his lifetime the ascetic Sumedha (who was reborn many kalpas later as Shakyamuni Buddha) resolved to attain enlightenment. +
rang sangs rgyas;PRATYEKABUDDHA;pratyekabuddha;A "solitary Buddha," one who, without relying on a teacher, attains the cessation of suffering by meditating on the twelve links of dependent arising. Pratyekabuddhas realize the no-self of the person and go halfway to realizing the no-self of phenomena. In other words, they realize the no-self of perceived phenomena but not that of the perceiving mind. +
rwa greng khri chen blo bzang ye shes bstan pa rab rgyas;RETING TRICHEN;reting trichen;(1759-1816) The second throne holder and abbot of the monastery of Reting, founded by Atisha's great disciple Dromtönpa. +