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From Buddha-Nature
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The system of the Path with the Result speaks of five kāyas: the nirmāṇakāya (''sprul sku''), the sambhogakāya (''longs sku''), the dharmakāya (''chos sku''), the svābhāvikakāya (''ngo bo nyid kyi sku''), and the utterly pure svābhāvikakāya (''ngo bo nyid kyi sku shin tu rnam par dag pa''). +
These terms are often very specific. The top of the head is eight finger-widths above the eyebrows. The crown of the head is twelve finger-widths above the eyebrows, and the aperture of Brahmā refers to the juncture of the bones of the skull at that point. The cranial dome is a knob or dome that protrudes from the crown of the head at the point of enlightenment. +
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lit. three wheels. Conceptions of the inherent existence of the object, the subject, and the action itself. +
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''See'' Pratimoksha. +
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This term is used to designate either a malevolent spirit or, symbolically, a negative force or obstacle on the path. The Four Demons (''bdud bzhi'') are of the latter kind. The Demon of the Aggregates refers to the five skandhas (body, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness), as described in Buddhist teaching, which form the basis of suffering in samsara. The Demon of the Defilements refers to the afflictive emotions, which provoke suffering. The Demon of Death refers not only to death itself but to the momentary transience of all phenomena, the nature of which is suffering. The Demon Child of the Gods refers to mental wandering and the attachment to phenomena apprehended as truly existent. +
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Subdivision of the Madhyamika school of philosophy characterized by the use of prasanga, or consequence (i.e., reduction to absurdity), as the best method of dealing with false assertions in order to establish emptiness beyond the reach of conceptual construction. This particular approach was first explicitly formulated by Buddhapalita and later taken up and confirmed by Chandrakirti. +
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Four highly virtuous states of mind, regarded as immeasurable because they focus on all beings without exception and are productive of boundless merits. They are: love, compassion, sympathetic joy, and impartiality. +
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''See'' Five Bodies. +
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The lowest of the hot hells, according to Buddhist teaching, characterized by the most intense and protracted form of suffering. +
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These are teachings and sacred objects concealed mainly by Guru Padmasambhava, to be revealed later, at a time when they would be more beneficial for the world and its inhabitants. Guru Rinpoche concealed such treasures in the deepest recesses of the minds of his disciples, who were themselves practitioners of great accomplishment. In addition, although not in every case, the bestowal of these treasure teachings was accompanied by the creation of certain physical objects, often scrolls of yellow paper carrying the symbolic letters of the dakinis, or other writing (sometimes a few words, sometimes entire texts). These texts, together with other items, were entrusted for protection to the dakinis or Dharma protectors and were concealed, not in the ordinary sense, but within the very nature of the elements. According to the inconceivable workings of interdependence, when the appropriate historical period arrives, the disciples to whom a specific teaching was bestowed appear in the world and proceed to unfold the treasure teachings. In this they are often prompted by the discovery of the items just referred to, or else they spontaneously recollect the teaching received many centuries before from the mouth of the guru. The collection of terma is enormous and forms one of the main sources of teaching and practice of the Nyingma school. +
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''See'' Expository vehicle of causality. +
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The second of the inner tantras, according to the system of nine vehicles used in the Nyingma tradition. Anuyoga emphasizes the perfection stage of tantric practice, which consists of meditation on emptiness, as well as the subtle channels, energies, and essence of the physical body. +
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A central principle of the Vajrayana. It is the view of the Mahayoga expounded in the tantra ''sgyu 'phrul dra ba'' (Fantasmagorical Net). All appearances, in their purity, are the mandala of the kayas and wisdoms. This comprises the superior relative truth. Being pure, they are all equal, wisdom and emptiness united. This is superior absolute truth. The "pure" status of the appearing mode and the "equal" status of the absolute mode of being are present indivisibly in every phenomenon. This is referred to as the great Dharmakaya. +
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This Sanskrit term is the normal word used to indicate the Doctrine of the Buddha. In fact the term has ten meanings (see note 82). The Dharma of transmission refers to the corpus of verbal teachings, whether oral or written. The Dharma of realization refers to the spiritual qualities resulting from the practice of these teachings. +
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Historical Buddha Gautama, who attained full enlightenment beneath the Bodhi tree in Bodhgaya, circa 500 B.C.E. +
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lit. basket. Collection of scriptures. +
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lit. support of offering. Symbolic representation of the Buddha's enlightenment. Stupas, perhaps the most typical of Buddhist monuments, are to be found in a variety of forms all over the Buddhist world. They often contain the relics of enlightened beings and are objects of great reverence. +
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The absorption experienced by the insensate gods of the form realm and the gods of the formless realms. In this absorption, the sense consciousnesses are arrested although the defiled emotional consciousness (''nyon yid'') continues to function. +
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These are: (1) reliance not on the person of the teacher but on the teaching; (2) reliance not on the mere words of the teaching but on its intended meaning; (3) reliance not on the expedient but on the absolute meaning; and (4) reliance not on intellectual understanding but on nonconceptual wisdom that sees the absolute truth directly. +
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An ancient Indian measurement of distance which according to the ''Abhidharmakosha'' corresponds to 4.5 miles or 7.4 kilometers. +
