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From Buddha-Nature
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One who hears the teachings of the Buddha, practices them, and transmits them to others with a view to his or her personal liberation from samsara, rather than the perfect enlightenment of buddhahood. Shravakas are practitioners of the Root Vehicle, or Hinayana, which is often for that reason called the Shravakayana. +
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Also known as Dipamkarashrijnana (982—1054), abbot of the Indian monastic university of Vikramashila. Philosophically, he is considered to be Prasangika Madhyamika in the school of Chandrakirti, although he also upheld the teachings of the Yogachara Madhyamika. He came to Tibet at the invitation of the king Yeshe Ö to restore the Buddhadharma after its persecution by Langdarma. He introduced there the Mind Training teachings (''blo 'byongs''), which he received from his teacher Suvarnadvipa Dharmakirti and which are a synthesis of the bodhichitta traditions of Nagarjuna and Asanga. He was also a master of the tantra teachings. His main disciple and successor was the upasaka Dromton ('' 'brom ston''), who founded the Kadampa school and built the monastery of Reting (''rwa sgreng''). Atisha died at Nyethang in Tibet in 1054. +
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A kind of clairvoyance. There are six kinds of preternatural knowledge. The first five (knowledge of the past lives, etc.) can occur even in the experience of ordinary beings. The sixth one, the knowledge of the total elimination of obscurations, is the exclusive preserve of a Buddha. +
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''See'' Demon. +
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(1) Bodhisattva Samantabhadra, one of the eight Close Sons of the Buddha, renowned for his offerings emanated through the power of his concentration; (2) the primordial Buddha who has never fallen into delusion, the symbol of awareness, the ever-present pure and luminous nature of the mind. +
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The first level of the first samadhi of the form realm. +
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Eight existential states in which spiritual growth is either impossible or severely hampered. These are the conditions of hell beings, pretas, animals, long-lived gods without perception, the inhabitants of barbarous lands, people who are severely handicapped physically and mentally, and people who espouse false beliefs or who live in a kalpa in which no Buddha has appeared. +
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''See'' Vajrayana. +
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Practitioners of the Hinayana teachings who aspire to liberation from the cycle of existences. +
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A kind of bird, in both Indian and Tibetan tradition. A creature of great size, it hatches already fledged and is able to fly at once. It is therefore used as a symbol of primordial wisdom. +
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lit. the Blissful. The name of the "Western Paradise," the pure land of the Buddha Amitabha. +
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The three main afflictions of attachment, hatred, and ignorance. ''See'' Afflictions. +
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''See'' Main mind. +
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An intermediary state. This term most often refers to the state between death and subsequent rebirth. In fact, human experience encompasses six types of bardo: the bardo of the present life (''rang bzhin skye gnas bar do''), the bardo of meditation (''bsam gtan gyi bar do''), the bardo of dream (''rmi lam gyi bar do''), the bardo of dying ('' 'chi ka'i bar do''), the luminous bardo of ultimate reality (''chos nyid bar do''), and the bardo of becoming (''srid pa'i bar do''). The first three bardos unfold in the course of life. The second three refer to the death and rebirth process which terminates at conception at the beginning of the subsequent existence. +
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Teacher, the equivalent of spiritual master or lama. +
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A central notion of the Mahayana teachings of the second turning of the Dharma wheel. They are a means of approach to ultimate reality through an understanding of three qualities implicit in all phenomena. The three doors are: (1) all phenomena are empty; (2) they are beyond all attributes; and (3) they are beyond all aspiration or expectation. +
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The ultimate nature of phenomena (namely, their lack of inherent existence) beyond the four ontological extremes. +
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The sixth and highest heaven of the desire realm, where gods have power over the enjoyments that other gods have created. +
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A term with several levels of meaning. Basically, it means a ritual gesture performed with the hands. +
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In a Buddhist context, ignorance is not mere nescience but mistaken apprehension. It is the incorrect understanding of, or failure to recognize, the ultimate nature of the person and phenomena, and falsely ascribing true existence to them. +
