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The traditional classification of the Dharrjia according to the Nyingma school. The first three are known as the three causal vehicles of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas. Following these are the three" vehicles of the outer tantras, namely, Kriyayoga, Upayoga, and Yogatantra. Finally there are the three vehicles of the inner tantras: Mahayoga, Anuyoga, and Atiyoga. +
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A positive action, such as a profound state of meditation devoid of the motivation of bodhichitta. The characteristic feature of this kind of action is that it invariably produces rebirth in the form or formless realms of samsara. Other actions lack this unwavering or invariable quality in the sense that, depending on circumstances, their result may ripen in a realm different from the one normally to be expected. +
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One of the New Translation schools, founded by Je Tsongkhapa (1357—1419), whose head is the Throne-Holder of Ganden and whose most illustrious member is His Holiness the Dalai Lama. +
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The Three Jewels, spiritual masters, abbots, and so forth, who possess extraordinary spiritual qualities of elimination and realization and in respect of whom actions bring forth powerful karmic effects. +
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The name of the Buddhist ethical teachings in general and of the code of monastic discipline in particular. +
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A member of the priestly caste of ancient India; this term often indicates hermits and spiritual practitioners. It should be noted that the Buddha rejected the caste system and proclaimed on several occasions that the true Brahmin is not someone so designated through an accident of birth, but one who has thoroughly overcome defilement and attained freedom. ''See also'' Four castes. +
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One who through compassion strives to attain the full enlightenment of buddhahood for the sake of all beings. Bodhisattvas may be "ordinary" or "noble" depending on whether they have attained the path of seeing and are residing on one of the ten bodhisattva grounds. +
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''See'' Tradition of the Profound View. +
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A method of textual analysis adopted by the panditas of Nalanda and used by Tibetan scholars. It consists of a sequence of five topics: the author of the treatise (''mdzad pa po''), its scriptural source (''lung gang nas btus''), its general philosophical tendency (''phyogs gang du gtogs''), its condensed meaning (''bsdus don''), and its purpose (''dgos ched''). +
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The wheel or round of existence; the state of being unenlightened in which the mind, enslaved by the three poisons of desire, anger, and ignorance, evolves uncontrolled from one state to another, passing through an endless stream of psychophysical experiences all of which are characterized by suffering. ''See also'' World of desire. +
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The state of buddhahood. +
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(1808—1887). A highly accomplished master of the Nyingma tradition, from eastern Tibet. He was famous for his nonsectarian approach and extraordinary simplicity of life. He was a prolific writer and is well known in the West as the author of ''The Words of My Perfect Teacher'', an introduction to the practice of the Vajrayana. +
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Kunkhyen Longchen Rabjam (1308-1363), regarded as the greatest genius of the Nyingma tradition, an incomparable master and author of over two hundred and fifty treatises. He brought together the two main transmissions of Atiyoga, or Dzogchen: the Khandro Nyingthik of Guru Rinpoche and the Vima Nyingthik descended from Vimalamitra. Longchenpa's wide-ranging commentaries cover the whole field of sutra and mantra, in particular the teachings of Dzogchen, or the Great Perfection, but also such topics as history and literature. Many of his writings are considered to be authentic Mind Termas. Of these the most important are the ''Four Sections of Heart Essence'' teachings (''snying thig ya bzhi''), the Seven Treasures (''mdzod bdun''), and the ''Mind at Rest'' trilogy (''sems nyid ngal gso''). For more details, see Longchen Rabjam, ''The Practice of Dzogchen''. +
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A fabulous jewel found in the realms of the gods or nagas which fulfills all wishes. +
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Four levels of the form realm. ''See'' Form realm. +
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Refers to the absence of a phenomenon because the conditions for its presence, or perception, are not operative, whether entirely or in part. This includes, for example, all that is not detected by the senses through being outside the range of the sense organs, or anything else that does not appear due to other disqualifying factors, like the absence of horns on a horse's head which are lacking due to the horse's genetic makeup. A nonanalytical cessation is therefore the absence of a certain object in a specific location. +
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Accomplishment is described as either supreme or ordinary. Supreme accomplishment is the attainment of buddhahood. "Common or ordinary accomplishments" are the miraculous powers acquired in the course of spiritual training. The attainment of these powers, which are similar in kind to those acquired by the practitioners of some non-Buddhist traditions, are not regarded as ends in themselves. When they arise, however, they are taken as signs of progress on the path and are employed for the benefit of the teachings and disciples. +
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A sixth-century Indian master and author of unparalleled dialectical skill. He followed the Madhayamika tradition of Nagarjuna and reaffirmed the prasangika standpoint of Buddhapalita, against Bhavaviveka, as the supreme philosophical position of the Mahayana. He is thus regarded as the systematizer and founder of the Prasangika Madhyamika school. +
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Shantideva's famous text, expounding the practice of the Bodhisattva path. +
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The most famous work of the Omniscient Longchenpa, consisting of seven treatises expounding the entire Buddhist path up to, and stressing, the Great Perfection (which is here discussed in a scholarly manner, "according to the great way of the panditas"). +
