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From Buddha-Nature
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"Autonomists," a subdivision of the Madhyamika school of tenets, distinguished from the Prasangika. Inaugurated by Bhavaviveka (fifth century C.E.), the Svatantrika represents an approach to the relative and absolute truth in which positive reasoning, or "autonomous" syllogisms, are employed, together with arguments and examples, in order to produce a (conceptual) understanding of emptiness in the mind of the opponent and to refute the true existence of phenomena. It is distinguished from the Prasangika approach, which confines itself exclusively to consequences or reductio ad absurdum arguments. +
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A mythical creature half-man and half-animal. +
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The clarity or knowing aspect of the mind. Luminosity means practically the same thing as primordial wisdom. +
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One who has gained siddhi or accomplishment through the practice of the Vajrayana. +
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A great translator (958—1051) and inaugurator of the second phase of translation of Sanskrit texts into Tibetan, so-called the New Translation period. +
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A renowned scholar (1290—1364) famous for his compilation of the Kangyur and Tengyur, and author of an important ''History of Dharma''. +
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Six modes of existence produced by specific karmas and apprehended as real. They are all equal in being merely perceptions of the deluded mind and lacking inherent existence. In ascending order they are the realms of hell, produced by hatred; pretas, brought about by extreme miserliness; of animals, provoked by stupidity; of humans, produced by desire; of asuras, by intense envy; and of gods, due to actions concomitant with pride. +
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Syllables or formulas which, when recited with appropriate visualizations and so on, protect the mind of the practitioner from ordinary perceptions. They are invocations of, and manifestations of, the yidam deity in the form of sound. +
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A land in which the Dharma is taught and practiced, as opposed to the peripheral or barbarous lands, so called because the Buddha's teachings are unknown there. From this standpoint, a country devoid of Dharma will still be termed barbarous, even though it may possess a high level of civilization and technology. +
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''See'' Three natures. +
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The Three Collections of the words of the Buddha (Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma). They were compiled at the first council held shortly after the parinirvana of the Lord Buddha in the Nyagrodha cave at Rajagriha under the aegis of King Ajatashatru. Ananda recited from memory all the Buddha's sutric teachings, Kashyapa all his metaphysical teachings, and Upali all the rules of ethical discipline. The collection was supplemented and completed at the third council held at the behest of King Kanishka. +
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Karmic effects that in some way resemble the kind of actions that give rise to them. These may be "active," in the sense of being a spontaneous inclination to repeat the former action, or "passive," in the sense of being experiences that mirror the quality of the previous action. The former may be exemplified by children who take a natural pleasure in killing insects—a predisposition acquired through having indulged in such activity in previous existences. An instance of the latter would be the experience of poor health and short life, the passive result of killing. +
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''See'' Nonanalytical cessation. +
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The Triple Gem of Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; the object of Buddhist refuge. +
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The first stage in the monastic ordination implying the observance of certain precepts. ''See'' note 160. +
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lit. moving through space. The representation of wisdom in female form. There are several levels of dakini: wisdom dakinis, who have complete realization, and worldly dakinis, who possess various spiritual powers. The word is also used as a title for great women teachers and as a respectful form of address to the wives of spiritual masters. +
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Name of a master who transmitted the Mahayoga tantras to Buddhaguhya and Vimalamitra. +
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lit. awareness holder or knowledge holder. A being of high attainment in the Vajrayana. According to the Nyingma tradition, there are four levels of Vidyadhara corresponding to the ten (sometimes eleven) levels of realization of the Sutrayana. They are: (1) the Vidyadhara with corporal residue (''rnam smin rig 'dzin''); (2) the Vidyadhara with power over life (''tshe dbang rig 'dzin''); (3) the Mahamudra Vidyadhara (''phyag chen rig 'dzin''); and (4) the Vidyadhara of spontaneous presence (''lhun grub rig 'dzin''). +
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Trainings in ethical discipline (''tshul khrims''), concentration (''ting nge 'dzin''), and wisdom (''shes rab''). The three trainings form the basis of the Buddhist path. +
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the upholders of "mind-only." Followers of the Chittamatra (also called the Yogachara) philosophy of the Mahayana, which asserts the self-cognizing mind as the ultimate reality and identifies shunyata, or emptiness, as the absence of the subject-object dualism that overspreads and obscures the underlying pure consciousness. The Chittamatra or Yogachara school was founded by Asanga and his brother Vasubandhu (fourth century), who base themselves on the scriptures of the third turning of the Dharma wheel, such as the ''Sandhinirmochana-sutra''. +
