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From Buddha-Nature
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The Three Collections of the words of the Buddha (Vinaya, Sutra, and Abhidharma). They were compiled at the first council held shortly after the parinirvana of the Lord Buddha in the Nyagrodha cave at Rajagriha under the aegis of King Ajatashatru. Ananda recited from memory all the Buddha's sutric teachings, Kashyapa all his metaphysical teachings, and Upali all the rules of ethical discipline. The collection was supplemented and completed at the third council held at the behest of King Kanishka. +
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Karmic effects that in some way resemble the kind of actions that give rise to them. These may be "active," in the sense of being a spontaneous inclination to repeat the former action, or "passive," in the sense of being experiences that mirror the quality of the previous action. The former may be exemplified by children who take a natural pleasure in killing insects—a predisposition acquired through having indulged in such activity in previous existences. An instance of the latter would be the experience of poor health and short life, the passive result of killing. +
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''See'' Nonanalytical cessation. +
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The Triple Gem of Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha; the object of Buddhist refuge. +
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The first stage in the monastic ordination implying the observance of certain precepts. ''See'' note 160. +
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lit. moving through space. The representation of wisdom in female form. There are several levels of dakini: wisdom dakinis, who have complete realization, and worldly dakinis, who possess various spiritual powers. The word is also used as a title for great women teachers and as a respectful form of address to the wives of spiritual masters. +
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Name of a master who transmitted the Mahayoga tantras to Buddhaguhya and Vimalamitra. +
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lit. awareness holder or knowledge holder. A being of high attainment in the Vajrayana. According to the Nyingma tradition, there are four levels of Vidyadhara corresponding to the ten (sometimes eleven) levels of realization of the Sutrayana. They are: (1) the Vidyadhara with corporal residue (''rnam smin rig 'dzin''); (2) the Vidyadhara with power over life (''tshe dbang rig 'dzin''); (3) the Mahamudra Vidyadhara (''phyag chen rig 'dzin''); and (4) the Vidyadhara of spontaneous presence (''lhun grub rig 'dzin''). +
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Trainings in ethical discipline (''tshul khrims''), concentration (''ting nge 'dzin''), and wisdom (''shes rab''). The three trainings form the basis of the Buddhist path. +
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the upholders of "mind-only." Followers of the Chittamatra (also called the Yogachara) philosophy of the Mahayana, which asserts the self-cognizing mind as the ultimate reality and identifies shunyata, or emptiness, as the absence of the subject-object dualism that overspreads and obscures the underlying pure consciousness. The Chittamatra or Yogachara school was founded by Asanga and his brother Vasubandhu (fourth century), who base themselves on the scriptures of the third turning of the Dharma wheel, such as the ''Sandhinirmochana-sutra''. +
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Disciple of Shakya Shri (thirteenth century) and exponent of the three vows. +
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A ritual offering in tantric Buddhism in which oblations of food and drink are blessed as the elixir of wisdom and offered to the yidam deity as well as to the mandala of one's own body. +
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''See'' Luminosity. +
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(1).The paramita of transcendent wisdom, the knowledge of emptiness; (2) the collection of sutras belonging to the second turning of the Dharma wheel and expounding the doctrine of shunyata, the emptiness of phenomena. +
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A term used to refer to any meditational deity, a symbol of the ultimate nature of the mind. +
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A system of thirty-seven factors practiced on the paths of accumulation, joining, seeing, and meditation, by means of which progress is made toward enlightenment. +
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(1182—1251). Regarded as an emanation of the Bodhisattva Manjushri, one of the most illustrious masters in the history of Tibetan Buddhism. Belonging to the Sakya school, he was a great polymath and Sanskritist. His work on the three types of vow, ''The Three Vows Distinguished'', was and is extremely influential. +
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The enlightened body, speech, mind, qualities, and activities of the Buddhas. +
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A Kashmiri master, the last abbot of Vikramashila, who visited Tibet in the early thirteenth century. He was the source of the lineage of monastic ordination called the Middle Vinaya lineage (''bar 'dul'') of the Ngor branch of the Sakya school. +
