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From Buddha-Nature
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The famous monastic university built at the birthplace of Shariputra some distance north of Bodhgaya in Bihar and near Rajgir or Vulture Peak where Shakyamuni Buddha expounded the sutras of the Prajnaparamita. The place where many of the greatest masters of the Mahayana lived, studied, and taught, Nalanda had a long and illustrious history. +
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Positive energy arising from wholesome action or virtue (''dge ba''). There are two kinds of merit: (1) mere "merit tending to happiness" (''bsod nams tsam po pa'' or ''bsod nams cha mthun'') and (2) "merit tending to liberation" (''thar pa cha mthun''), on the basis of which the mind progresses toward emancipation from samsara. "Stainless merit" (''zag med dge ba'') is merit tending to liberation, accumulated on the five paths. See also Virtue tending to happiness; Virtue tending to liberation. +
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A commentary on the words of the Buddha. +
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The five families of Tathagata, vajra, jewel, lotus, and action, representing five aspects of buddhahood. Each of them is presided over by a Dhyani Buddha: Vairochana, Akshobhya, Ratnasambhava, Amitabha, and Amoghasiddhi, respectively. +
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The subtle channels, wind energies, and essences, brought under control in the practice of Anuyoga. +
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These are the gods who are traditionally considered to be the protectors of the four directions. Their realm is the lowest divine sphere of the desire realm situated on the four terraces or "steps" of Mount Meru. +
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The five perfections of place, teacher, retinue, time, and teaching. According to the Shravakayana, this refers to the Buddha Shakyamuni and the various moments and geographical locations in which he expounded the Dharma to his disciples. According to the Mahayana, this refers to the Sambhogakaya Buddhas such as Vairochana, expounding the teachings of the Great Vehicle in various buddhafields, in the eternal present beyond time, to a vast retinue of Bodhisattvas residing on the tenth ground. In the latter case, the five excellences are also called the "five certainties" (''nges pa lnga''). +
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The relative truth and absolute truth, the interpretation of which is pivotal in the establishment of the various system of Buddhist tenets. ''See'' Relative truth; Absolute truth. +
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''See'' Nirvana. +
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''See'' Ground. +
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The third section of the Tripitaka (the other two sections being the Vinaya and the Sutras). The Abhidharma is the corpus of texts expounding the metaphysical content of the Sutras. +
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(510—570 c.e.). A follower of Vasubandhu. It is said that he was the rebirth of a pigeon that had spent its life nesting near Vasubhandu's dwelling place, with the result that it heard the master's recitation of scripture so frequently that it was reborn as a human being and became one of his greatest disciples. +
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''See'' Mahayana. +
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lit. eight gatherings. A way of classifying the functions of the mind according to the Chittamatra school, also used in the Vajrayana. The eight types of consciousness are the five sense consciousnesses followed by the mental consciousness, the defiled emotional consciousness of conceiving "I," and the consciousness of the alaya, the fundamental level of the mind. +
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''See'' Two obscurations. +
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The expanse of ultimate reality, emptiness. +
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lit. joining ('' 'byor'') or union with the natural state of the mind (''rnal ma''). A term commonly used to refer to spiritual practice. +
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A tenth-ground Bodhisattva, one of the eight Close Sons of the Buddha. He is the personification of the body aspect and the wisdom of all the Buddhas. ''See also'' Asanga; Nagarjuna. +
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The Shravaka level of attainment, so called because it implies that one more birth in the desire realm is necessary before liberation is attained. +
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The fifth divine sphere of the desire realm, in which the gods can magically produce whatever they wish. +
