Teachers gather disciples by (1) their generosity; (2) the fact that their teachings are attuned to the minds of their disciples; (3) their ability to introduce disciples to the practice leading to liberation; and (4) the fact that they themselves practice what they preach. +
A technical term in Buddhist logic, used to refer to objects of the conceptual consciousness that identifies and names things. It thus refers to sense objects as apprehended by this consciousness, but also to imaginary objects that are mistakenly assumed to exist (e.g., the "self "). +
A member of Nalanda university and the celebrated author of the Bodhicharyavatara (The Way of the Bodhisattva). He upheld the view of the Prasangika Madhyamika in the tradition of Chandrakirti. Shantideva was also the author of the ''Shiksasamuccaya'', a compendium of citations on discipline, which forms a valuable collection of texts that have otherwise been lost. +
Three consecutive stages in the practice of a sadhana. In the first stage the practitioner becomes familiar with the figure and mandala of the meditational deity. In the second stage, the deity is "accomplished," and in the third, different enlightened activities are practiced. +
One of the four systems of Buddhist tenets. Together with the Vaibhashika school, the Sautrantika is considered as belonging to the Hinayana. The Sautrantika is remarkable for its elaborate psychology and logic and is widely studied and utilized in Tibetan Buddhism. +
A ritual object of varying shape and composed of a variety of substances. Depending on the context, the torma is considered as an offering, a symbolic representation of a yidam deity, a vehicle of blessings, or even a weapon for dispelling obstacles. +
Protectors of the teachings. These are either enlightened beings or spirits and gods who have been subjugated by great masters and bound under oath to guard the teachings. Their task is to protect the Doctrine, its upholders, and its practitioners. +
The wisdom resulting from hearing (''thos pa'i shes rab''), reflecting on (''bsam pa'i shes rab''), and meditating on the teachings (''sgom pa'i shes rab''). +
From a certain point of view, a buddhafield is a sphere or dimension projected and manifested by a Buddha or great Bodhisattva, in which beings may abide and progress toward enlightenment without ever falling into lower states of existence. However, any place viewed as the pure manifestation of spontaneous wisdom is a buddhafield. +
(1) The original natural purity of the mind, present in the minds of all sentient beings (''rang bzhin ye dag''), and (2) the purity from all adventitious stains (''bur 'phral dag''), which is the result of the path and is the preserve of Buddhas only. +
An epithet of the Buddha sometimes translated as the Blessed One or the Blessed Lord. The title can be analyzed etymologically as "the one who has vanquished (''bcom'') the four demons, who possesses (''ldan'') all qualities and who is beyond ('' 'das'') samsara and nirvana." +