(1357–1419). Also known as Lobsang Drakpa (blo bzang grags pa) or Je Rinpoche. Famous master and prolific writer inspired by the Kadam tradition of Atisha. Founder of the Geluk school of Tibetan Buddhism. +
The successive steps of visualization employed in the generation stage of meditation: (1) the moon cushion emerging from the Sanskrit vowels, (2) the sun cushion emerging from the Sanskrit consonants, (3) the seedsyllable of buddha speech, (4) the hand implements emblematic of buddha mind, and (5) the complete body of the yidam deity. The moon cushion represents the mirrorlike wisdom, the sun cushion represents the wisdom of evenness, the seed-syllable and symbolic qualities represent the wisdom of discernment, the combination of all of these represents the wisdom of accomplishment, and the complete form of the deity represents the wisdom of the space of reality. +
(1) Sleep (gnyid); (2) unconsciousness (dran med); (3) absorption of cessation ('gog pa'i snyoms 'jug); (4) absorption devoid of perception ('du shes med pa'i snyoms 'jug); and (5) being in the realm of the conceptionless gods ('du shes med pa'i lha yul). +
The first three of the nine vehicles (theg pa rim pa dgu): those of the (1) shravakas (nyan thos theg pa); (2) pratyekabuddhas (rang rgyal theg pa); and (3) bodhisattvas (byang chub sems dpa' theg pa). +
(1) Preparation, (2) actual conferral of the ordination, and (3) subsequent advice. Also, three levels of ordination: (1) laity, (2) novitiate, and (3) full-fledged ordination. +
(1872–1943). Author of Nectar of Manjushri's Speech, a commentary on Way of the Bodhisattva, and biographies of Dza Patrul Rinpoche and Jamgön Mipam Rinpoche. +
(1) In the east, Most Fierce (gtum drag); (2) in the north, Dense Thicket (tsang tsing 'khrigs pa); (3) in the west, Blazing Vajra (rdo rje 'bar ba); (4) in the south, Endowed with Skeletons (keng rus can); (5) in the northeast, Wild Cries of Ha Ha (ha ha rgod pa); (6) in the southeast, Auspicious Grove (mer bkra shis tshal); (7) in the southwest, Black Darkness (mun pa drag po); and (8) in the northwest, Resounding with Kili Kili (ki li ki li'i sgra sgrog pa). +
(1) Urine, (2) dung, (3) milk, (4) butter, and (5) curd. In traditional Indian culture, the cow is a sacred symbol of fecundity and is often regarded as a manifestation of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and plenty. A mixture of these five substances is added to saffron water and sprinkled over the mandala plate. +