(1) Firm aspiration (being firmly convinced of the benefits of the goal and the drawbacks of not achieving it); (2) steadfastness (convinced that one is capable of the goal, applying oneself steadily, even though the rate of progress may fluctuate); (3) joy (satisfaction in advancing); and (4) rest (taking a break in order to refresh oneself). +
The Four Rivers are the Yangtze ('bri chu); Yellow (rma chu); Salween (rgyal mo rngul chu); and Mekong (zla chu). The Six Ranges are the Drida Zelmo Gang (''zla mo sgang''); Tsawagang (''tsha ba sgang''); Markhamgang (''smar khams sgang''); Poborgang (''spo 'bor sgang''); Mardzagang (''dmar rdza sgang''); and Minyak Rabgang (''mi nyag rab sgang''). +
Five major Buddhist sciences: (1) craftsmanship, (2) logic, (3) grammar, (4) medicine, and (5) spirituality. Five minor Buddhist sciences: (1) synonyms, (2) mathematics and astrology, (3) performance and drama, (4) poetry, and (5) composition. +
(1) Great emptiness (stong pa chen po); (2) great compassion (snying rje chen po); (3) the single seal (phyag rgya gcig pa); (4) the elaborate seal (phyag rgya spros bcas); and (5) the attainment of the mandala clusters (tshom bu tshogs sgrub). +
The 253 vows of a fully ordained monk in the Mulasarvastivadan school of the Vinaya are broadly divided into five categories or classes: (1) the four defeats, (2) the thirteen remainders, (3) the one hundred twenty downfalls, (4) the four matters to be confessed individually, and (5) the one hundred twelve misdeeds. +
(1) The truth of suffering (sdug bsngal bden pa); (2) the truth of the origin of suffering (kun 'byung bden pa); (3) the truth of the cessation of suffering ('gog pa'i bden pa); and (4) the truth of the eightfold path (lam gyi bden pa). +
The five shortcomings that impede concentration are (1) laziness (le lo); (2) forgetting the instructions (gdams ngag brjed pa); (3) dullness and agitation (bying rgod); (4) nonapplication of remedies ('du mi byed pa); and (5) overapplication of remedies (ha cang 'du byed pa). +
(1212–70). Chökyi Wangchuk. One of the Five Tertön Kings, treasure-revealer of Lama Sangdu treasure cycle, commentator on the treasure tradition. Built Samdrup Dewachenpo Temple at Lhalung Monastery. +
(1) Material offerings, (2)service, and (3) spiritual practice; or (1) imbibing the teachings, (2) meditating on the teachings, and (3) integrating the teachings in all activities. +
The two aspects of instruction in the Great Perfection pith-instructional class (man ngag sde): (1) The practice of Kadak Trekchö, "Cutting Through to Primordial Purity" (ka dag khregs chod). Through this practice, the wisdom aspect, one cuts through the stream of delusion, the thoughts of past, present, and future, by revealing a naked awareness devoid of dualistic fixation. To recognize this view through applying the precious instructions of one's lama and sustain it uninterruptedly throughout all aspects of life is the very essence of the Great Perfection; and (2) the practice of Trekchö forms the basis for the second aspect of Great Perfection instruction, the skillful means aspect, that of Ösel Tögal, "Direct Crossing to Luminosity" ('od gsal thod rgal), also known as Lhündrup Tögal, "Direct Crossing to Spontaneous Presence" (lhun grub thod rgal). Through the discipline of Tögal, which is more a fruition than a practice, the practitioner actualizes all the different aspects of enlightenment within a single lifetime. He or she uses specific and exceptionally powerful physical and visual exercises to incite four specific visionary experiences. Both Trekchö and Tögal require the direct guidance of a qualified master. +
(fl. 6th century). Also known as Indrabhuti. Title refers to several kings. Key figure in early transmission of Mahayoga and Anuyoga lineages. See Dudjom Rinpoche, Nyingma School (548–462). +