(1) Knowing the lama as the Buddha, (2) knowing all the lama's actions as buddha activities, (3) knowing that for oneself the lama is even kinder than the Buddha, (4) knowing that the lama is the embodiment of all objects of refuge, and (5) knowing that if we pray to the lama, we will attain realization without needing to rely upon anyone else. +
(ca. 757–817). Female buddha who attained the Rainbow Body. Main disciple and Tibetan consort of Padmasambhava. Recorded and concealed many of Padmasambhava's teachings. +
Nangchen County occupies the upper reaches of the Ngom-chu and Dza-chu headwaters of the Mekong, in Yushul Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province. +
Three approaches: (1) generation (bskyed rim); (2) completion (rdzogs rim); and (3) Great Perfection (rdzogs pa chen po); or the three yogas: (1) Maha (rnal 'byor chen po); (2) Anu (rjes su rnal 'byor); and (3) Ati (shin tu rnal 'byor). +
Teachings of buddha body, speech, and mind as described in Longchenpa's Dzogchen tradition: (1) the vajra represents Dharmakaya, (2) a four-digit-size book represents Sambhogakaya, and (3) a buddha image represents Nirmanakaya. +
Mamos or matrikas constitute a large class of fierce female deities. Although they predate Buddhism, they have been assimilated to the Matrika, a type of sorcerer of the charnel grounds. These black goddesses personify natural forces that become destructive when disturbed. They carry bags full of disease germs and comprise the retinue of the Great Dharma Protectresses. +
The buddha families are traditionally displayed as the mandala of the five tathagatas, or buddhas. Each of the buddhas in the mandala embodies one of the five different aspects of enlightenment: (1) at the center of the mandala is Vairochana, lord of the buddha family, who is white and represents the wisdom of all-encompassing space; (2) in the east of the mandala is Akshobya, lord of the vajra family, who is blue and represents mirrorlike wisdom; (3) in the south of the mandala is Ratnasambhava, buddha of the ratna family, who is yellow and represents the wisdom of equanimity; (4) in the west of the mandala is Amitabha, buddha of the padma family, who is red and represents the wisdom of discernment; and (5) in the north of the mandala is Amogasiddhi, buddha of the karma family, who is green and represents all-accomplishing wisdom. +
Three regions above, on, and below the earth: (1) the celestial abode of gods, (2) the terrestrial abode of humans, and (3) the subterranean abode of nagas. +