Also egolessness: the absence of independent or intrinsic existence, either of oneself (Tib. gang zag gi bdag med) or of external phenomena (Tib. chos kyi bdag med) +
The first of the schools of the New Tradition, which followed the teachings of Atisha. It stressed compassion, study, and pure discipline. Its teachings were continued by all the other schools, in particular the Gelugpa, which is also known as the New Kadampa School +
Tibet's great yogi and poet, whose biography and spiritual songs are among the best loved works in Tibetan Buddhism. One of the foremost disciples of Marpa, he is among the great masters at the origin of the Kagyupa School +
(1) “With characteristics” (Tib. mtshan bcas): meditation on the channels and energies of the body visualized as a vajra body; (2) “without characteristics” (Tib. mtshan med): the meditation phase during which the forms visualized in the generation phase are dissolved and one remains in the experience of emptiness +
Students of the same teacher, or with whom one has received teaching. It is considered vital to have harmonious relations with such people, particularly in the Vajrayana +
The discoverer of the Longchen Nyingtik teachings, revealed to him in a vision he had of Longchenpa. He is considered to be a combined emanation of Vimalamitra and King Trisong Detsen. Patrul Rinpoche is often considered to be the emanation of Jigme Lingpa's speech (1729-1798) +
The first five of the ten advantages: (1) to be born a human, (2) in a region where the Buddha's doctrine is taught, (3) with all one's sense organs complete, (4) with a propensity for positive deeds, and (5) with faith in the Dharma +
The vehicle that teaches the path as the cause for attaining enlightenment. It includes the vehicles of the Shravakas, Pratyekabuddhas, and Bodhisattvas (that is, those Bodhisattvas practicing the Sutra path and not that of the Mantras). It is distinct from the Resultant Vehicle of the Mantras, or Secret Mantrayana, which takes the result (i.e., enlightenment) as the path +
The first teachings translated from Sanskrit and propagated in Tibet, those of the Ancient Tradition, as distinct from the teachings of the New Tradition that were translated and propagated from the tenth century onwards +
Also known as hungry ghosts or spirits: a class of beings whose attachment and miserliness in previous lives result in constant hunger and the frustration of their desires +
(eighth century) One of the most important Vidyadharas of the Kriya and Yoga tantras, and a major holder of the transmission of the Guhyagarbha tantra in the Mahayoga lineage +
A cousin of the Buddha who became his attendant. Since he was able to remember everything that he had heard the Buddha say, it was he who ensured the preservation of the sutra teachings by reciting the sutras in their entirety at the First Council +