The basic vehicle comprising the vehicles of the listeners and solitary realizers, whose ultimate result is the state of arhat. It is termed “lesser” or “lower” in comparison ro the Great Vehicle. +
“He whose accomplishment is related to the nāgas.” The great first-second-century Indian master and father of the Profound View tradition who rediscovered the Buddha’s teachings on transcendent wisdom (prajnāpāramitā) in the realm of the nāgas and composed numerous treatises that became the basic texts for the proponents of the Madhyamika or Middle Way philosophical system. +
The world of desire, the world of form, and the world of formlessness. Alternatively (Tib. ''‘jig rten gsum, sa gsum, srid gsum''): the world of gods above the earth, that of humans on the earth, and that of the nāgas under the earth. +
Also called literal definition, precise definition. A device used by commentators to provide a definition ofa term, usually based on a breakdown of the original Sanskrit term into its component roots. This does not necessarily correspond to the way in which etymologyis understood in the West. +
One’s own goal, benefit, or welfare (Tib. ''rang don'') and that of others (Tib. ''gzhan don''). Often understood in the ultimate sense of the goal for oneself being achieved by the realization of emptiness, the body of truth (Skt. ''dharmakāyd''), and the goal for others by compassion manifesting as the form body (Skt. ''rūpakāya''). +
Also translated as defilement aspect and purity aspect, defilement process and purification process. The sum of defilement and purity, the two sides of the whole of phenomena seen in the context of the spiritual path. See also defilement; purity. +
lit. “one who has vanquished the enemy” (the enemy being defilements). A practitioner of the Lesser Vehicle (that is, a listener or solitary realizer) who has attained the cessation of suffering, i.e., nirvaṇa, but not the perfect buddhahood of the Great Vehicle. +
The consciousnesses of the five senses, together with the mind consciousness, defiled mind consciousness, and the consciousness of the ground of all. +
lit. “mind-only.” The teaching that the objects of the senses do not exist outside the mind and are simply projections of the mind. This doctrine was propagated in particular by the followers of the Yogācāra school. Its proponents are known as Cittamātrin (Tib. ''sems tsam pa''). +
The five psychophysical components into which a person can be analyzed and that together produce the illusion of a self. They are form, feeling, perception, conditioning factors, and consciousness. The term is often used to denote an individual as the basis for imputing a self. +
In Buddhism, a manifestation of supreme enlightenment in the form of sound: a series of syllables that, especially in the sādhanas of the Secret Mantrayāna, protect the mind of the practitioner from ordinary perceptions and invoke the wisdom deities. Mantras are also used in non-Buddhist spiritual practices and as spells in black magic. +
That aspect of the teachings and practice, based on the Buddha’s second turning of the wheel of the Dharma and the teachings of Nāgārjuna and his followers, that stress the profound view of emptiness. See also extensive aspect. +