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Also called afflictive emotions, negative emotions. The mental factors that influence thoughts and actions and produce suffering. The three principal defilements are bewilderment or ignorance, attachment or desire, and aversion or hatred. +
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An epithet for a bodhisattva. +
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Also called Excellent Speech. The words of the Buddha, the teachings that he gave. +
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The bodhisattva’s spiritual intent, the mind set on perfect enlightenment. On the relative level, it is the wish to attain buddhahood for the sake of all beings, as well as the practice of the path of love, compassion, the six transcendent perfections, and so forth, necessary for achieving that goal; on the ultimate level, it is the direct insight into the ultimate nature. +
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The three means by which a person acts—namely, the body, speech, and mind. +
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lit. “individual liberation.” The collective term for the different forms of Buddhist ordination and the irrespective vows, as laid down in the Vinaya. +
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“one who has gone to thusness.” A buddha; one who has reached or realized thusness, the ultimate reality. Also, one who is “thus come,” a buddha in the body of manifestation (nirmaṇakāya) who has appeared in the world to benefit beings. +
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Also called dominant āyatanas. The power to control and transform characteristics such as size, shape, color, and so on. +
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A fifth-sixth-century Indian Abhidharma scholar. He was a disciple of Vasubandhu and wrote numerous commentaries on his master’s works. +
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The final state of enlightenment attained when an enlightened being (an arhat or buddha) leaves their earthly body (composed of aggregates) and “passes into nirvāṇa.” When listeners attain cessation in the arhat’s nirvāṇa without residual aggregates, all their accumulated merit and qualities come to an end. On the other hand, the virtue and qualities that bodhisattvas accumulate never come to an end but continue to be active once they attain buddhahood. +
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The three fundamental types of suffering to which beings in saṃsāra are subject: the suffering of change, suffering upon suffering, and the suffering of everything composite (or all-pervading suffering in the making). +
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An epithet of the Buddha Śākyamuni, of ten translated as Mighty One. He was called “capable” because, when he was a bodhisattva and there was none who had the courage to tame the most unfortunate beings, with extremely gross views, defilements, and actions, he, our kind teacher, was the only one, of all the 1,002 buddhas of this Excellent Kalpa, who had the strength or capacity to vow to benefit them. +
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One of the three scriptural collections; the branch of the Buddha’s teachings that deals mainly with psychology and logic +
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Emptiness, absence of attributes, and absence of expectancy. +
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A collection of scriptures, originally in the form of palm leaf folios stored in baskets. The Buddha’s teachings are generally divided into three collections or baskets: Vinaya, Sūtra, and Abhidharma. +
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Teachings intended to lead unrealized beings toward the truth of the ultimate (or definitive) teachings. +
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One who has dispelled (Tib. ''sangs'') the darkness of the two obscurations and developed (Tib.''rgyas'') the two kinds of omniscience (knowing the nature of phenomena and knowing the multiplicity of phenomena). +
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In the context of Buddhist meditation and practice, a demon is any factor, on the physical or mental plane, that obstructs enlightenment. +
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The threefold training in discipline, concentration, and wisdom. +
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Asaṅga’s half-brother and disciple, famous in particular for his authorship of the classic text ''Treasury of Abhidharma'' (''Abhidharmakośa''). +
