forces that bind one to cyclic existence and obstruct the pursuit of virtue; four are usually enumerated—afflictive emotions, the mind-body aggregates, mortality and fascination with positive meditative experiences that impedes progress on the path to enlightenment +
transcendent knowledge that constitutes realization of the ultimate nonexistence of both the self of the individual personality and the self-nature of phenomena +
literally, "doorway or gateway to liberation"; factors that allow for the possibility of liberation from the cycle of unawakened existence (''see mon-pa med-pa, tong-pa-nyid'' and ''tsan-ma med-pa'') +
ultimate reality; the final mode of being as "meaningful" (''don''), which is "sacred" (''dam'') in that it is the foremost of what is to be realized +
the true nature of phenomena or reality [ultimate nature (BM); the nature of phenomena and mind (FG); meaningfulness (KB); ultimate content of what is (PE); uncontrived essential nature (ws)] +
literally, "Powerful Lord with Eyes Gazing Down"; the bodhisattva embodying the compassion of all buddhas and bodhisattvas; also referred to as the "Supremely Compassionate One" (Skt. Mahākaruṇika; Tib. T'hugje Chhenpo [ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེན་པོ་]) +
literally, "body of perfect enjoyment"; the pure form manifestation of enlightened being perceptible only to beings of advanced realization [enjoyment dimension of awakening (MW); body of perfect rapture (NS); primordial contact with total richness and all its satisfactions (PE); immeasurable qualities of flawless, inconceivable, desireless exaltation form (ws)] +
literally, "stealer of breath"; a personification of the erroneous investment of one's body with true existence, since this misapprehension robs one of the breath of lasting happiness +
relative reality; the level upon which all (''kun'') phenomena manifest in a "false" (''dzob'') manner, as though they truly existed [superficial reality (MW)] +