las;KARMA;karma;KARMA;Action;the psychophysical principle of cause and effect (las rgyu 'bras), according to which all existential states arise as the result of previous action. Actions that result in the experience of happiness are defined as virtuous;actions that give rise to suffering are nonvirtuous. +
ATI,ATIYOGA;The last and highest of the inner tantras, the summit of the system of nine vehicles according to the Nyingma classification. See also Great Perfection +
ANUYOGA;In the system of nine vehicles used in the Nyingma tradi-tion, the second of the inner sections of tantra. In Anuyoga, emphasis is placed on the perfection stage of tantric practice. This is characterized by the experience of emptiness and meditation on the subtle channels, ener-gies, and essence of the physical body. +
ORGYEN;orgyen;Also called Oddiyana, a country to the northwest of ancient India, nowadays identified as the Swat Valley in Kashmir. It was here that Guru Padmasambhava was born. +
dge ba bcu;TEN VIRTUES;ten virtues;In the Buddhist teachings, virtuous behav-ior is systematized into ten wholesome activities. Three concern the body and consist of the abstention from killing, stealing, and sexual misconduct;four concern the speech faculty and are to refrain from lying, divisive speech, violent and aggressive speech, and worthless chatter;three concern the mind and are to refrain from covetousness, ill-will, and wrong views. +
sa gsum;THREE DIMENSIONS OF EXISTENCE;three dimensions of existence;The world of humans and animals inhabiting the earth's surface, the realm of the gods and spirits in the heavens above or the upper airs, and the kingdom of the nagas, etc., in the subterranean regions. Translated also as "three levels of the world." +
rtsa dbu ma;AVADHUTI;The subtle central channel of the body into which, by means of the practice of the perfection stage (rdzogs rim), the subtle wind-energies are gathered, a process that gives rise to nondual wisdom. By extension, the term avadhuti is often used loosely to indicate nondual wisdom. +
MANDALA;This word has several levels of meaning. Most basically, it may be understood simply as a configuration, an intelligi-ble unit of space. The mandala of the deity, for example, is the sacred space at the center of which a wisdom deity is located. A mandala can also be understood as the arrangement of an offering and a powerful means of accumulating merit. It can take several forms, beginning with the offering of desirable objects, including one's own body, and extending to a symbolic offering of the entire universe and even the three kayas. The term is also used honorifically, as when speaking, for instance, of the mandala of the Guru's body. +
mngon pa;ABHIDHARMA;The third part of the Tripitaka, the "three baskets." The Abhidharma is the corpus of texts expounding Bud-dhist metaphysical teaching. +
brten ma bcu gnyis;TENMA GODDESSES;tenma goddesses;Twelve spirits, associated with mountain ranges in Tibet, who in the presence of Guru Padmasambhava vowed to protect the religion and the people of Tibet. +