THONMI SAMBHOTA;thonmi sambhota;A minister of the king Songtsen Gampo. After studying in India, he composed the grammar of the Tibetan language and devised the alphabet. +
NYATRI TSENPO;nyatri tsenpo;According to Buddhist tradition, the first king of Tibet. He was of Indian origin and is credited with the construction of the first stone edifice in Tibet, the tower of Yumbulakhar. +
mtshan dang dpe byed;GREAT AND LESSER MARKS OF ENLIGHTENMENT;great and lesser marks of enlightenment;Thirty-two major marks and eighty minor physical marks character-istic of a Buddha. These include the wheels that mark his palms and soles, golden hue of his body, copper-colored fingernails, among others. +
SKILLFUL MEANS AND WISDOM;skillful means and wisdom;An important pairing in Mahayana Buddhism. It refers to the wisdom (shes rah) of emptiness, and the voidness aspect of phenomena, together with the skillful means (thabs) of compas-sion, and the appearance aspect of phenomena. Skillful means and wisdom are indissociable. +
phrin las bzhi;FOUR ACTIVITIES;four activities;Four types of activity performed by realized beings to help others and eliminate unfavorable circumstances: pacifying, increasing, attracting or magnetizing, and fierce subjugation. +
UNFAILING MEMORY;unfailing memory;gzungs;gzungs;Grounded in the realization of emptiness, and cultivated on the Path of Seeing and above, unfailing memory is one of the characteristics of the highest attainment. Generally speaking, one can distinguish eight (in this text seven) different powers of unfailing memory, such as the power to give an explanation of and teaching on one word for an infinite length of time. +
sa;GROUND;ground;bhumi;The ten levels of Bodhisattva realization in Mahayana Buddhism, covering the paths of Seeing and Meditation. GURU SENGE DRADOK. One of the eight manifestations of Padmasamb-hava. +
dgra bcotn pa;lit. Foe-Destroyer. One who has vanquished the enemies of afflictive emotion and is thus definitively liberated from the sufferings of samsara. Arhatship is the goal of the teachings of the root vehicle, the Shravakayana. +