o rgyan;Oḍḍiyāna;oḍḍiyāna;oḍḍiyāna;Legendary country, domain of the ḍākinīs, kingdom of the king Indrabhūti, and Padmasambhava's birthplace. Some situate it between present-day Afghanistan and Kashmir. It is the origin of numerous Vajrayāna teachings. +
gu ru rin po che;Padmasambhava;padmasambhava;padmasambhava;Introduced Dharma to Tibet under the reign of King Thrisong Detsen (790-858). He spread the teaching and hid numerous instructions in the form of treasures destined to be revealed at a later date. He is venerated as the second buddha, prophesied by the first, Buddha Śākyamuni. +
dge lugs;Gelug;gelug;The Gelug school is one of four main Tibetan Buddhist schools, initiated by Tsongkhapa Lobsang Drakpa (1357-1419), who founded Ganden monastery near Lhasa. At first the school was known as that of the Gandenpas and, later, of the Gelugpas. +
bstan 'dzin rgya mtsho;Tenzin Gyatso;tenzin gyatso;The lineage of Dalai Lamas has continued without interruption up to the present fourteenth holder of the title, His Holiness Tenzin Gyatso, born in July 1935. +
jo bo rje;Atīśa;atīśa;atīśa;(982-1054 C.E.) Dīpaṅkaraśrījñāna Atīśa (jo bo rje mar me mdzad) was a superior of Vikramaśīla University. He was invited to Tibet in 1042, where he taught for the remaining twelve years of his life. Recipient of two great transmission lineages of the Buddha's word — Widespread Activity (rgya chen spyod rgyu) from Maitreya-Asaṅga, and Profound View (zab mo'i lta rgyud) from Mañjuśrī-Nāgārjuna — he established the tradition of the graduated path teachings with his text ''Lamp on the Path to Enlightenment (Bodhipathapradīpa;byang chub lam sgron)'', which became the prototype of the lam-rim, whose treatises present from an instructional perspective the stages on the path to enlightenment. He composed over a hundred works included in the ''Tengyur'' and assisted in the translation into Tibetan of numerous others. He founded the Kadam lineage, which became a fundamental component in the second spread of Buddhism in Tibet and in the forms it took there in the Kagyu, Sakya, and Gelug schools. +
dus 'khor;Kālacakra;kālacakra;kalacakra;Name of a tantra and deity (yidam) of anuttarayogatantra. The teachings of the Kālacakra tantra (literally, "cycles of time") were requested by the king of Shambhala and played a fundamental role in the perspectives and practices of the Vajrayāna. +