The term "non-Buddhist," which is often translated literally as "forder," is often used in a pejorative sense to refer to non-Buddhist Indian religions and philosophical schools. The original term, however, also implies certain similarities between some of these traditions and Buddhism. When it comes to the development stage, such similarities do exist between practices found in the Hindu tradition and those practiced in Buddhist Tantra. There are also important differences, however. Taking a polemic approach, Jigme Lingpa explains, "From a general point of view, the practices found in the non-Buddhist traditions do involve a tremendous amount of virtue. Nevertheless, it is nothing more than a moderate degree of virtue, insofar as these practices do not involve any sense of self-discipline. Their development stage practices are bereft of the vows of the knowledge holder and, despite their status as methods of the Secret Mantra path, they have no capacity to bring enlightenment. The specific problem is that these individuals do not grasp the interdependent link between the basis of purification and the methods that comprise the process of purification, insofar as these relate to development stage practice. Demonstrating a complete lack of understanding, in this style of development stage practice, the apparent aspect, shape, and color, for example, are believed to be permanent. This is the approach taken by the non-Buddhist schools, as well as some powerful spirits." [YT 408] +
One of the five kāyas; this refers to the indivisibility of the two rūpakāyas and the dharmakāya, showing that, while the two rūpakāyas do manifest, they have no independent existence. [TD 2065] +
This empowerment is the second of the three higher, supreme empowerments, which is bestowed upon the student's mind in dependence upon the maṇḍala of the feminine seal. This purifies mental impurities and, in terms of the path, empowers the student to train in the completion stage. As the result of this empowerment, a causal link is formed that leads to the attainment of the dharmakāya. [TD 2865] +
An Indian master known for his mastery of the Buddhist tantric teachings. In particular, he developed one of the two main exegetical approaches related to the ''Guhyasamāja Tantra''. Jigme Lingpa writes, "The great master Buddhajñānapāda, who was accepted by noble Mañjuśrī himself, advocated the principles of clarity, profundity, and their union. Clarity is embodied in the mahāmudrā - the illusory form of the deity. Profundity lies in the enlightened mind that rests in reality, which is difficult to fathom. The indivisible union of these two is the completion stage of nondual wisdom, the nonduality of profundity and clarity." Jigme Lingpa concludes with a quote from one of Jñānapāda's texts, the ''Sphere of Liberation'', about which he writes, "The terminology employed in this text is remarkably similar to that of the Great Perfection." [YT 429] +
These four are: 1) emptiness, 2) extreme emptiness, 3) great emptiness, and 4) universal emptiness. Respectively, these four are linked with the stages of death: 1) appearance, 2) increase, 3) attainment, and 4) luminosity. [TD 1110] +
Vajradhara is considered the sovereign lord of all families and the teacher of the tantras. It is also said that this is the form Śākyamuni took when teaching the Secret Mantra. [TD 1439] +
[Lit. "Performance Tantra"] - The second of the three outer tantras; the view of this tradition is similar to that of Yoga Tantra, while its conduct is equated with that of Kriyā Tantra. For this reason, it is also known as "dual tantra." [NS 271] This is also the second of the four classes of Tantra found in the New Schools. +
The sixteen joys are a more detailed presentation of the four joys, a common principle in both the New Schools and Nyingma teachings on the conceptual completion stage +
According to Jigme Lingpa, the four manifestations of enlightenment comprise an approach to development stage meditation unique to the ''Heruka Galpo Tantra'', in contrast to the more well-known five manifestations of enlightenment. These four are: 1) emptiness and the awakened mind, 2) the seed syllable, 3) the complete form of the deity, and 4) the placement of the seed syllable. [YT 375] +
This is an honorific term for body, which is often used to refer to the "body" or "form" of buddhahood, in all its various aspects. ''See also'' nirmāṇakāya, sambhogakāya, dharmakāya, svābhāvikakāya, vajrakāya, and abhisambodhikaya. +
The stake of absorption, the stake of the essence mantra, the stake of unchanging realization, and the stake of projection and absorption. k Tenpe Nyima explains, "All key points of the Vajrayana path of Secret Mantra are included in these four." [KR 59] Explaining further, Khenpo Ngaga writes, "It is traditionally said that these four stakes bring together our own ordinary body, speech, mind, and actions with the enlightened form, speech, mind, and activities of the wisdom deity. They are like stakes that bind these together ... In other words, these key instructions on the four stakes that bind the life-force purify the three gates and actions, which seem to be obscured from the perspective of the way things appear. Consequently, enlightened form, speech, mind, and activities - the way things really are - actually manifest. This is why these four are necessary." [ST 29] +