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From Buddha-Nature
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The wheel, or round, of existence. The state of being unenlightened, in which the mind, enslaved by the three poisons of attachment, hatred, and ignorance, passes uncontrolled from one state to another through an endless stream of psychophysical experiences that are all characterized by suffering. ''See also'' Six realms; Three worlds. +
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(1) Suffering: the nature of existence in saṃsāra is suffering. (2) Cause: the cause of suffering is negative or obscuring emotions. (3) Cessation: the cessation of suffering is Buddhahood. (4) Path: the path is the means to attain liberation. +
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One who has removed the two veils (the veil of afflictive emotions, which is the cause of suffering, and the veil of ignorance, which is the obstacle to omniscience) and who has brought to perfection the two sorts of knowledge (of the ultimate and relative nature of phenomena). +
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The six activities of generosity, moral discipline, patience, endeavor, meditative concentration, and wisdom, which form the practice of the Bodhisattva path. They are termed transcendent because, unlike ordinary generosity, etc., they are untainted by attachment and other negative emotions. +
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One who attains enlightenment alone, without the aid of a master, and who does not transmit teachings to others. +
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The earliest of the four main traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, founded in the eighth century by Guru Padmasambhava. +
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In some contexts saṃsāra is spoken of as being divided into three worlds, or realms — those of desire, of form, and of formlessness. The world of desire includes all the six realms (q.v.). The worlds of form and formlessness exist only for certain types of celestial beings, who have attained these states through the four meditative concentrations of form and the four formless absorptions, respectively. +
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One of the four main traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, founded by Tsong-khapa (1357-1419). +
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Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism deriving from the teachings of Atīsha (982—1054). Its teaching emphasizes monastic discipline, study, and the practice of compassion. The influence of the Kadam tradition is pervasive in all schools of Tibetan Buddhism, although it is especially associated with the Gelug teaching, which is indeed sometimes referred to as the New Kadam. +
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The Mahāyāna has two subsections: the Sūtrayāna, that is, the teachings based on the sūtras and propounding the practice of the six pāramitās, and the Mantrayāna, the teachings and practices based on the tantra texts. +
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The mind of enlightenment. This is a key word in the Mahāyāna. On the relative level, it is the wish to attain Buddhahood for the sake of all beings and the practice necessary to do this. On the absolute level, it is the direct insight into the ultimate nature of self and phenomena. +
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A highly meritorious devotional practice, consisting in walking clockwise, concentratedly and with awareness, around a sacred object, such as a temple, stupa, holy mountain, or the house — and even the person — of a spiritual master. +
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The Buddha, the Dharma (Doctrine), and the Sangha (Assembly of disciples and practitioners). These are the three objects of refuge. +
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''See'' Shrāvakayāna. +
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The body of enjoyment, or the transhuman forms in which Buddhas may manifest themselves. The sambhogakāya is directly perceptible only to highly realized beings. +
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Stages on the path to enlightenment. The first Bodhisattva level marks the beginning of the path of seeing. The second to tenth levels are progressive stages within the path of meditation. +
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Discipline, concentration, and wisdom. +
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''See'' Three Jewels. +
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The body of teaching expounded by Shākyamuni Buddha and' other enlightened beings that shows the way to enlightenment. It comprises two aspects: the Dharma of transmission, namely, the teachings that are actually given, and the Dharma of realization, or the states that are attained through the application of the teachings. +
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The teaching of the Buddha. ''See also'' Dharma. +
