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(1219-1309) Student of Dōgen who later became Dharma heir of Koun Ejō and third abbot of Eiheiji. He traveled to China to study Chinese monastic architecture and forms. Teacher of Keizan Jōkin. +
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(1025-1100) Dharma heir of Huanglong Huinan. Huitang taught by raising a fist and saying, "If you call this a fist you've said too much. If you say it's not a fist you do not hit the mark." +
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(6th cent. B.C.E.) One of the ten great disciples of Shakyamuni. He was especially noted for wisdom. +
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One-piece robe (jikitotsu) used during day. 79n.27 +
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Divination techniques using astrology or the Chinese five element or I Ching systems. 197n. 114 +
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Manager of gruel in a monastery kitchen. 193n. 79 +
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Another expression for taiho henshō, "Take the backward step of inner illumination," or "learn to withdraw, turning the light inwards, illuminating the Self," which is described in Dōgen's "Fukanzazengi," "The Way of Zazen Recommended to Everyone." 52n. 14 +
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Novice monks or children raised in the monastery, in some cases preparatory to full monk ordination. 192n. 75 +
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"Documents of opening the hall"; formal, official documents used as resumes by former abbots to indicate their seniority based on the dates of their having become abbots. The kaidasha is recited at an abbot's installation ceremony. See also jujichō. 199n. 127 +
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(896-973) Three generations after Linji and a successor of Nanyuan Huiyong. All the subsequent Rinzai tradition descends from his lineage, as supposedly predicted by Yangshan. Teacher of Shoushan Xingnian. +
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(867-928) Second generation successor after Xuefeng. he was the teacher of Fayan Wenyi, founder of the Fayan lineage of Chan. Dōgen praises Luohan for his saying, "The tenzo enters the kitchen." +
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(9th cent.) A Dharma heir of Dongshan Liangjie, the founder of Caodong/Sōtō Zen. +
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(d. 808) This famous lay adept, known as Layman Pang, was a student of Mazu, Shitou, and Yaoshan, among others. His whole family were practitioners, and his daughter also is especially noted as an adept. +
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(n.d.) A government official who was a student and benefactor of Guishan. +
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High Ancestor, usually used only for great founders, e.g. Mahakashyapa, Dongshan Liangjie, and Dōgen himself. 55n. 41 +
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Since the seventeenth century the system of supporters for individual Japanese Buddhist temples. 126n. 7 +
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(700-790) Shitou was two generations after the Sixth Ancestor and three generations before Dongshan Liangjie, founder of the Sōtō lineage which Dōgen brought back to Japan from China. Shitou and Mazu, the two great teachers of their time, regularly sent students to each other. Shitou authored the long poem "Sandōkai" ["Unifying of Sameness and Difference"; "Cantongqi" in Chinese], which is still important in the Sōtō tradition. It is chanted daily in Sōtō training temples. He also wrote "Song of the Grass Hut." +
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Community work, also calledfushin, during which everyone in the monastery, without exception, is expected to work. This tradition derives from Baizhang. 184n. 26 +
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The five watches into which the time between sunset and sunrise are divided in monasteries. Traditionally, they vary seasonally with the length of the nighttime. Each of these is also divided into five shorter periods called ten. Katen time signals are given at the end of evening zazen, and the beginning and end of morning zazen, with a drum for ko and bell or chime for ten. In American training centers, and some Japanese monasteries, these signals are now given to indicate the clock hour for ko, and the third of the hour (first, middle, or last twenty minutes within the hour) for ten. 77n. 12 +
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(986-1039) Student of Fenyang Shanzhao, and teacher of both Yangqi and Huanglong, founders of the two main branches of Linji/Rinzai Zen, Ciming taught at Shishuang Mountain, the temple established by Shishuang Qingzhu. +
