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A translation for thera, the Sanskrit for" elders" in the old Theravada tradition. Jōza originally meant senior monks who had been ordained over twenty years. Gradually it has come to refer to junior monks. In modern Sōtō and sometimes in Dōgen's usage, jōza refers to those who have not yet been shuso in a monastery, although Dōgen uses it interchangeably with taiko in "The Dharma when Meeting Senior Instructors." 107n. 56, 126n. 2 +
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Literally, "holy monk," this refers to the figure on the central altar. In the sōdō this is Manjushri, the bodhisattva of wisdom, evoking the penetrating insight of meditation cutting through delusion. In the shuryō study hall the shosō is Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, who studies the causes and conditions of suffering and the skillful teachings to alleviate it. 76n. 6, 81n. 40 +
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Right mindfulness, one of the practices of the noble eightfold path, taught by Shakyamuni as the fourth Noble Truth. 194n. 92 +
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Equality, or the equal measure of two different quantities. 100n. 4 +
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(6th cent. B.C.E.) Half-brother of Shakyamuni; they were both sons of King Suddhodana. After Shakyamuni left home Nanda became the heir to the throne, but later joined the Buddhist order and became an awakened arhat. +
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"Recite dedications," done after all chanting to dedicate and transfer the resulting merit and benefit to all beings. 190n. 61 +
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All-inclusive study, or to study widely, a term for the traditional practice of a monk traveling to visit different teachers to test the monk's own (and the teachers') awareness. "Henzan" is the name of one of the chapters in Dōgen's Shōbōgenzō, in which he indicates that to study widely [henzan] is to study oneself widely. 195n.98 +
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Arts, techniques, or skillfulness of mind; generally, all helpful mental attitudes. 195n. 96 +
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To study thoroughly. Also diversity or multiplicity. Also the community dharma meeting with the teacher to receive instruction, sometimes with questions and responses. There are various different kinds of san meetings, depending on where and when it is held, e.g., chōsan in the morning, bansan in the evening, shōsan in the abbot's room, and daisan in the dharma hall. 52n. 17 +
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The head scribe/secretary, who always sits next to the shuso in the sōdō, and otherwise assists the head monk. See chōshū. 52n. 18,90,105n. 32 +
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The anja who calls out the names of courses as they are served during meals. Before the serving they also carry to the altar the meal-offering tray, with small portions of that meal's food in miniature monk's bowls. As servers enter, this anja stands just inside the door, bows in shashu, and announces the names of the courses for breakfast and lunch, i.e., "gruel" and "vegetables" at breakfast, and "rice," "soup," and "vegetables" at lunch. The anja also announces when servers enter to provide second helpings, to collect lunch spirit offerings, saba, to distribute water for cleaning bowls, and to provide buckets for collecting the water. 102n. 15, 105n.33 +
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The director of a monastery, one of the six temple administrators. See chiji. 34, 50n. 4, 102n. 11 +
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Nirvana, literally, "serene cessation," considered the goal of practice in Theravada Buddhism. 182n. 8 +
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Pure standards, as in Eihei Shingi. Gi is standard or measure. This shin means pure. This could also be interpreted as "standards for purity," so that Dōgen's work might also imply standards for a pure community. 115n. 1 +
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Lacking the requisite faith for entering practice. It is short for issendai, which is the standard Japanese transliteration of the Sanskrit word icchantika. This is a traditional Indian Buddhist term for beings initially understood as completely devoid of buddha nature and therefore incapable of enlightenment, but later interpreted as those completely lacking in faith but who might possibly later develop some capacity for practice. 194n. 89 +
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An informal full prostration, done with the zagu folded up and placed horizontally on the ground in front of the bowing monk, rather than spread out on the ground. 118n. 16 +
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(885-958) Three generations after Xuefeng and the student of Luohan Guichen, Fayan is considered the founder of the Fayan lineage, one of the five houses or "schools" of classical Zen. +
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Director of a monastery. This is the name formerly given to the one person who did the work that was later divided between the director (tsūsu), assistant director (kansu), and treasurer (fūsu), the first three of the six temple administrators. Smaller temples still have just one kan'in position for the three, and some larger temples also still have an additional kan'in administrator, whose job includes receiving important guests. 102n. 11, 132-35, 152-66 +
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Literally, "here," which sometimes indicates the concrete reality here and now, as opposed to nahen. 52n. 16 +
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Literally, "playing or wandering out in the mountains," a common Chinese and Japanese expression for going out to enjoy oneself. 184n. 23 +
