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Books/Toward a New Paradigm of East Asian Yogācāra Buddhism: Taehyŏn (ca. 8th Century CE), a Korean Yogācāra Monk, and His Predecessors +

* ''Abstract''ii * ''Lists of Charts''xi * ''Abbreviations''xii * ''Acknowledgements''xiii * '''INTRODUCTION'''1 ** 1. The Origin of the Problem: Taehyŏn and the Difficulty of Determining His Yogācāra Doctrinal Position1 ** 2. Traditional Bifurcations of East Asian Yogācāra Buddhism and Their Problems9 *** (1) "Old" Yogācāra Buddhism vs. "New" Yogācāra Buddhism; Paramārtha vs. Xuanzang9 *** (2) Tathāgatagarbha Theory vs. Yogācāra Theory; One Vehicle vs. Three Vehicles14 *** (3) Dharma Nature school vs. Dharma Characteristics school18 ** 3. Outline of Chapters21 * '''CHAPTER I. The Initial Stage of the Old Yogācāra Tradition'''24 ** 1. Two Directions in the Initial Stage of Old Yogācāra Tradition24 ** 2. The Northern and Southern Dilun Schools and Their Interpretations of ''Ālayavijñāna''27 ** 3. Comparison of Tathāgatagarbha Doctrine in the Four and Ten-Fascicle ''Laṅkāvatārasūtra''35 ** 4. Concluding Remarks41 * '''CHAPTER II. "Old" Yogācāra: Two Strands of the Shelun Schoo'''l42 ** 1. Issues42 ** 2. Distinction between Paramārtha's and Tanqian's Shelun Lineages 47 *** (1) Two Types of Synthesis of Tathāgatagarbha and Yogācāra47 *** (2) Reconsideration of Paramārtha’s Doctrine of Amalavijñāna52 *** (3) Two Types of Interpretations of the Nature of Realization: Perfect Enlightenment and Potential Enlightenment63 *** (4) Connection between the Unconditioned and Conditioned I: The Duality of Thusness71 *** (5) Connection between the Unconditioned and Conditioned II: Two Types of Attainment of the Dharma Body77 *** (6) Connection between the Unconditioned and Conditioned III: The Connection between the Nature of Realization and the Buddha Bodies80 *** (7) Disappearance of the Distinction between the Two Shelun Strands86 ** 3. Development of Paramārtha’s Shelun Lineage88 ** 4. Concluding Remarks102 * '''CHAPTER III. Emergence of Antagonism between the "Old" and "New" Yogācāra'''104 ** 1. Transmission of the "New" Buddhist Literature and Doctrinal Diversity104 ** 2. Problems in Interpreting the New Yogācāra as the Dharma Characteristics School107 ** 3. Ji’s Yogācāra Position I: Antagonism towards the One Vehicle and Bhāvaviveka121 *** (1) Background: Outbreak of the Buddha Nature Controversy and the Emptiness-Existence Controversy123 *** (2) New Yogācāra Doctrinal Positions Derived from the Eight- Consciousness System in Comparison with the Tathāgatagarbha Position128 *** (3) The Doctrine of Uncontaminated Seeds and Criticism of Bhāvaviveka: Ji’s Response to the Two Controversies133 ** 4. Ji’s Yogācāra Position II: Embracing One Vehicle Thought and Bhāvaviveka’s Madhyamaka139 *** (1) Background: Translation of the Mahāprajñāpāramitāsūtra and its Influence on the Two Controversies140 *** (2) Embracing One Vehicle Thought and Bhāvaviveka’s Madhyamaka144 *** (3) Two Types of Buddha Nature: Ji’s Theoretical Basis for Embracing the Universal Buddha Nature150 *** (4) Separation between the Unconditioned and Conditioned Realms: Ji’s Doctrinal Limitation154 ** 5. Concluding Remarks160 * '''CHAPTER IV. Synthesis of the "Old" and "New" Yogācāra Systems: Wŏnhyo and Fazang's Interpretations of the Awakening of Faith'''161 ** 1. Social Background and the Emergence of the Awakening of Faith161 ** 2. Wŏnhyo and Fazang’s Compromises between Madhyamaka and Yogācāra and the Differences in their Perspectives166 *** (1) Wŏnhyo's Binary Perspective166 *** (2) Fazang's Hierarchical Synthesis178 *** (3) Concluding Remarks188 ** 3. Significance of Wŏnhyo and Fazang's distinct interpretations of the AMF in the East Asian Yogācāra Tradition189 *** (1) Wŏnhyo as a Successor of Paramārtha189 *** (2) Fazang: Origin of the Teaching of Dependent Origination from the Tathāgatagarbha196 *** 4. Concluding Remarks201 * '''CHAPTER V. Synthesis of the One Vehicle and the Three Vehicles: Taehyŏn's Interpretation of the AMF, the ''Sūtra of Brahmā's Net'', and the ''Cheng weishi lun'' '''203 ** 1. Taehyŏn's Yogācāra Thought from a New Perspective203 ** 2. Taehyŏn's Yogācāra Thought in the ''Taesŭng kisillon naeŭi yakt’amgi''205 *** (1) Balanced Perspective toward the One Vehicle and the Three Vehicles205 *** (2) Binary Perspective on the Buddha Nature I: Distinction between the Original Awakening and the Nature of Realization210 ** 3. Taehyŏn's View on Buddhist Precepts Represented in the Pŏmmanggyŏng kojŏkki214 *** (1) Balanced View toward the Śrāvaka Precepts and the Bodhisattva Precepts214 *** (2) Binary Perspective on the Buddha Nature II: Universal Buddha Nature as the Cause221 ** 4. Taehyŏn’s Response to the Emptiness-Existence Controversy Represented in the ''Sŏng yusik non hakki''224 *** (1) Taehyŏn's Position on the Emptiness-Existence Controversy and Its Significance224 *** (2) Binary Perspective on the Innate Uncontaminated Seeds: Coexistence of the Doctrines of Five Distinct Lineages and the Universal Gotra229 ** 5. Concluding Remarks235 * '''CONCLUSION'''237 * ''Bibliography''242

Books/Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule +

* Sommaire * Avant-propos 17 * Le ''Traité de la Continuité suprême du Grand Véhicule''33 * ''L’Incontestable Rugissement du lion'' de Jamgön Kongtrul91 * Introduction : sens général et points définitifs du texte95 * Commentaire : explication détaillée du texte123 * Chapitre I La quintessence des tathāgatas123 * '''Première partie : Les trois premiers points de vajra'''129 ** Le premier point : le Bouddha129 ** Le deuxième point : le Dharma132 ** Le troisième point : la Communauté135 * '''Deuxième partie : Les quatre autres points de vajra'''141 ** Le quatrième point : l’Élément145 * Chapitre II Le cinquième point : l’Éveil211 * Chapitre III Le sixième point : les Qualités245 * Chapitre IV Le septième point : les Activités éveillées265 *'''Conclusion''' * Chapitre V Les bienfaits du présent enseignement309 * Abréviations327 * Notes de l’Introduction328 * Notes du Commentaire 360 * Annexe 1 : Les sources de ''La Continuité suprême'' 383 * Annexe 2 : Les soixante facteurs de purification complète393 * Annexe 3 : Résumé des dix qualités397 * Tableaux 403 * Bibliographie407 * Glossaire tibétain-français 423 * Glossaire français-tibétain 429 * Index des maîtres et auteurs 435 * Index thématique 437 * Schéma structurel451

Books/Traité de la Continuité ultime du Grand Véhicule (Loyon) +

[https://www.khenpo.fr/1intro1.html Introduction] [https://www.khenpo.fr/5homage1-5.html Titre et hommage] [https://www.khenpo.fr/6buddha6_8.html Bouddha] [https://www.khenpo.fr/7dharma9_11.html Dharma] [https://www.khenpo.fr/8sangha13-21.html Sańgha] [https://www.khenpo.fr/9elem_present22_29.html Elément] [https://www.khenpo.fr/27eveil_present141_143.html Eveil] [https://www.khenpo.fr/39qualites191_192.html Qualité] [https://www.khenpo.fr/43activite_present214_215.html Activité] [http://khenpofrance.free.fr/57bienfait_ultime_278_286.html Bienfaits] [https://www.khenpo.fr/nonnes.html Commentaires 1] [http://khenpofrance.free.fr/comment2.html Commentaires 2] [http://khenpofrance.free.fr/comment3.html Commentaires 3] [http://khenpofrance.free.fr/comment4.html Commentaires 4] +

Books/Transmission of Light +

* Introduction''vii'' ** 1. Shakyamuni Buddha3 ** 2. Kasyapa6 ** 3. Ananda10 ** 4. Shanavasa16 ** 5. Upagupta20 ** 6. Dhrtaka24 ** 7. Micchaka28 ** 8. Vasumitra33 ** 9. Buddhanandi36 ** 10. Punyamitra40 ** 11. Parshva44 ** 12. Punyayashas48 ** 13. Ashvaghosha51 ** 14. Kapimala56 ** 15. Nagarjuna61 ** 16. Kanadeva67 ** 17. Rahulata70 ** 18. Sanghanandi75 ** 19. Jayashata81 ** 20. Kumarata87 ** 21. Jayata90 ** 22. Vasubandhu94 ** 23. Manora98 ** 24. Haklena102 ** 25. Sinha105 ** 26. Vashashita108 ** 27. Punyamitra111 ** 28. Prajnatara114 ** 29. Bodhidharma118 ** 30. Huike (Shenguang)124 ** 31. Sengcan129 ** 32. Daoxin132 ** 33. Hongren135 ** 34. Huineng138 ** 35. Qingyuan147 ** 36. Shitou150 ** 37. Yaoshan155 ** 38. Yunyan160 ** 39. Dongshan164 ** 40. Yunju170 ** 41. Daopi174 ** 42. Tongan177 ** 43. Liangshan180 ** 44. Dayang185 ** 45. Touzi188 ** 46. Daokai194 ** 47. Danxia200 ** 48. Wukong202 ** 49. Zongjue206 ** 50. Zhijian209 ** 51. Rujing214 ** 52. Dogen219 ** 53. Ejo227

Books/Treasury of Precious Qualities: Book One (2010) +

* ''Foreword by His Holiness the Dalai Lama''xvii * ''Foreword by Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche''xix * ''Introduction''1 * Treasury of Precious Qualities15 *''by Jigme Lingpa'' * The Quintessence of the Three Paths105 *''by Longchen Yeshe Dorje, Kangyur Rinpoche * ''Prologue''107 * The title107 * Homage to the Three Jewels108 * Commitment to Compose the Text110 * PART ONE: ''Turning the Mind to the Dharma''115 * CHAPTER 1 The Value of Human Existence117 * Samsaric existence117 * Eight conditions in which there is no freedom to practice the Dharma117 * Five individual and five circumstantial advantages121 * The rarity of a precious human existence121 * PART TWO: ''An Incentive for the Practice''123 * CHAPTER 2 Impermanence125 * The impermanence of the outer world125 * The impermanence of living beings126 * PART THREE: ''The Gradual Path of the Three Kinds of Beings''131 *The Path of Beings of Lesser Scope *''Ethical Teachings in Relation to the Karmic Law of Cause and Effect'' * CHAPTER 3 The Law of Karma133 * The karmic process in general133 ** ''Actions never fail to produce an effect''133 ** ''The karmic process is irresistible''134 ** ''Karmic effects are not transferable from one mindstream to another''135 ** ''An explanation of the eight worldly concerns and thirteen influential factors''135 ** ''The proliferating tendency of karmic results''136 ** ''Assessing the gravity of positive and negative actions''138 ** ''The basis of the karmic phenomenon''139 ** ''Propelling and completing actions''140 ** ''The performed and stored aspects of actions''141 * Negative actions142 ** ''Negative actions regarding the Three Jewels''142 ** ''The crucial role of intention''142 ** ''The ten negative actions''142 ** ''The results of the ten negative actions''146 *** The fully ripened effect147 *** The effect similar to the cause147 *** The conditioning or environmental effect148 *** The proliferating effect150 ** ''Conclusion''150 * Virtuous actions151 * A recapitulation of the path of beings of lesser scope151 * How beings of medium scope practice virtue152 * How beings of great scope practice virtue152 * The Path of Beings of Medium Scope155 *''Correct Conduct in Relation to the Four Truths'' * CHAPTER 4 The Sufferings of Samsara157 * The four truths157 ** ''The truth of suffering''158 *** The all-pervasive nature of suffering158 *** The conditions that perpetuate suffering159 *** The sufferings of the lower realms161 **** ''The eight hot hells''161 **** ''The sixteen neighboring hells''163 **** ''The eight cold hells''164 **** ''The ephemeral hells''165 *** The sufferings of the higher realms165 **** ''The suffering of the gods''165 **** ''The suffering of the asuras''167 **** ''The suffering of human beings''168 ***** Suffering of suffering168 ***** Suffering of change168 ***** All-pervading suffering in the making168 ***** The eight complementary sufferings169 ****** ''Birth''169 ****** ''Old age''171 ****** ''IlIness''172 ****** ''Death''172 ****** ''Meeting unwanted circumstances''172 ****** ''Separation from what is loved''173 ****** ''Not having what one wants''173 ****** ''Having what one does not want''173 ** ''The truth of origin''173 ** ''The truth of path and truth of cessation''174 * The twelve links of dependent arising175 ** ''The need for this teaching''175 ** ''Definitions of the twelve links''176 ** ''Four way's of presenting the principle of dependent arising''177 ** ''The number of lifetimes required for an entire cycle''179 ** ''How to meditate on the principle of dependent arising''180 ** ''The unoriginated nature of dependent arising''183 * The Extraordinary Path of Beings of Great Scope185 *''Meditation on the Twofold Bodhichitta'' * CHAPTER 5 The Preparation: The Four Wheels187 * Prerequisites for the practice187 * Solitude187 ** ''Livelihood''189 * Reliance on a spiritual master191 ** ''Fully qualified masters''191 ** ''False teachers''193 ** ''Evoking the sublime qualities of an authentic teacher''195 ** ''Relying on the teacher with a twentyfold attitude''197 ** ''The characteristics of bad disciples''198 ** ''The characteristics of good disciples''200 ** ''How to serve and follow the teacher''201 ** ''How to behave in the presence of the teacher''202 ** ''Reasons for serving the teacher''205 ** ''Conclusion''206 * Excellent aspiration208 * The supreme protection of merit210 * CHAPTER 6 The Foundation of the Path: Refuge213 * The reasons for taking refuge213 ** ''Faith as the cause of taking refuge''213 ** ''The causes of faith''215 *** The qualities of the Buddha215 **** ''The qualities of elimination''215 ***** The one hundred and twelve obscurations eliminated on the path of seeing215 ***** How the obscurations militate against the understanding of the four truths216 ***** The four hundred and fourteen obscurations eliminated on the path of meditation217 ***** The difference between the Hinayana and the Mahayana approaches to the removal of obscurations219 ***** The Hinayana and Mahayana ways of removing the obscurations by seeing219 ***** How the obscurations are eliminated on the path of meditation222 **** ''The qualities of a Buddha's realization''223 *** The qualities of the Dharma225 **** ''Dharma posited as the two truths of path and cessation''225 **** ''Dharma defined as the Dharma of transmission and realization''225 ***** The Dharma of transmission225 ***** The Dharma of realization226 ***** The grounds or stages of realization227 *** The qualities of the Sangha229 **** ''The Hinayana and Mahayana Sangha''230 * What is refuge?231 ** ''Causal and resultant refuge''231 ** ''The different motives for taking refuge''232 * How to take refuge233 * The benefits of taking refuge234 ** ''The benefits of causal refuge''234 ** ''The benefits of resultant refuge''235 * The precepts of the refuge vow236 ** ''The precepts of causal refuge''236 *** The precepts regarding things to be avoided236 *** The precepts regarding things to be accomplished236 ** ''The precepts of resultant refuge''237 ** ''When the refuge vow is broken''237 ** ''Attitudes incompatible with refuge''238 ** ''The benefits of observing the precepts of the refuge vow''238 * CHAPTER 7 Cleansing the Mind by Training in the Four Boundless Attitudes239 * The Mahayana path239 * The four boundless attitudes240 * How to meditate on the four boundless attitudes242 * The benefits of this meditation242 * CHAPTER 8 The Vow of Bodhichitta247 * What is bodhichitta?247 * Classifications of bodhichitta249 ** ''Bodhichitta in aspiration and action''249 ** ''Other classifications of bodhichitta''249 ** ''Bodhichitta classified according to twenty-two similes''250 ** ''Bodhichitta classified according to its benefits''251 ** ''Bodhichitta classified according to the speed of progression''253 * How to cultivate bodhichitta253 ** ''The causes of bodhichitta''254 ** ''Who can generate bodhichitta?''254 ** ''The ritual for taking the vow of bodhichitta''255 *** Inculcating the correct attitude255 *** Accumulating merit256 **** ''Preparing the place''256 **** ''Inviting the field of merit''256 **** ''Offering cleansing waters and clothes''257 **** ''Requesting to be seated''260 **** ''Expressions of respect''260 **** ''The prayer of seven branches''261 **** ''Offering oneself in service''264 **** ''Conclusion''265 *** The ritual of the bodhisattva vow266 *** The conclusion of the ritual: the uplifting of one's own and others' minds269 * CHAPTER 9 The Precepts of Bodhichitta in Aspiration and Action271 * The Bodhisattva commitment271 * The precepts concerning what is to be avoided273 ** ''Repairing faults''274 * The precepts to be implemented275 ** ''The four precepts of aspiration bodhichitta''275 *** The first precept: taking suffering and giving happiness275 *** The second precept: the seven-point causal sequence giving birth to the attitude of bodhichitta276 *** The third precept: the four black and four white factors278 *** The fourth precept: the four attitudes that strengthen bodhichitta279 ** ''The precepts of bodhichitta in action''280 *** A brief explanation of the paramitas280 **** ''A categorization of Bodhisattvas according to their strength of mind''280 *** The Paramita of Generosity281 **** ''The gift of material things''281 **** ''The gift of protection from fear''282 **** ''The gift of Dharma''283 *** The Paramita of Discipline284 **** ''The discipline of avoiding negative actions''284 ***** The difference between the vows of the Hinayana and Mahayana284 ***** Avoiding negativity according to the Mahayana286 ***** The levels of ordination287 ****** ''The Precepts of Laypeople''287 ****** ''The Monastic Precepts''288 ******* The precepts of shramaneras288 ******* The precepts of a woman novice in training for full ordination290 ******* The precepts of full monastic ordination290 ******** ''The precepts concerning what is to be avoided''290 ******** ''The precepts concerning what is to be done''291 ***** How the three kinds of vow may be observed simultaneously293 ****** ''The observance of the three vows as taught in the Nyingma tradition''296 ******* 1. The aspects remain distinct297 ******* 2. The three vows are the same both in purpose and as antidote297 ******* 3. The transmutation of the vows299 ******* 4. The gradual qualitative enhancement of the three vows305 ******* 5. The absence of contradiction in the practice of the three vows306 ******* 6. Observance should be appropriate to the moment306 ****** ''The three vows as presented in other traditions''308 ***** Concluding summary312 **** ''The discipline of gathering virtue''316 **** ''The discipline of benefiting others''318 *** The Paramita of Patience319 *** The Paramita of Diligence322 **** ''The three kinds of laziness''322 **** ''The three kinds of diligence''323 *** The Paramita of Concentration324 **** ''The prerequisites for concentration''324 ***** In praise of forest dwellings324 ***** Giving up attachment to wealth324 ***** Giving up attachment to bad company325 ***** Giving up attachment to objects of the senses326 ***** In praise of solitude327 **** ''Concentration itself''328 ***** The essence of concentration328 ***** The categories of concentration329 ****** ''Childish concentration''329 ****** ''Clearly discerning concentration''332 ****** ''The excellent concentration of the Tathagatas''332 ***** The qualities resulting from concentration333 *** The Paramita of Wisdom335 **** ''The categories of wisdom''335 **** ''The wisdom resulting from hearing the teachings''335 ***** The keys that open the treasure chest of Dharma336 ****** ''The definitive and expedient teachings''336 ****** ''The implied teachings and indirect teachings''337 ******* Implied teachings337 ******* Indirect teachings338 ******* The difference between implied and indirect teachings342 ***** An explanation of the treasury of Dharma342 ****** ''A general exposition of the two truths''342 ****** ''The four tenet systems''345 ******* The Vaibhashikas345 ******* The Sautrantikas345 ******* The Chittamatrins, the Mind Only school346 ******* The Svatantrika Madhyamikas346 ******* The Prasangika Madhyamikas347 ****** ''Conclusion''349 **** ''The wisdom resulting from reflection''351 ***** Dependent arising with regard to the ground nature351 ***** The dependent arising of samsara353 ***** The dependent arising of nirvana354 **** ''The wisdom resulting from meditation''355 **** ''Wisdom itself''355 **** ''Progress on the paths and the attainment of the result''356 *** A concluding summary of the six paramitas357 * APPENDIX I Impermanence demonstrated by the formation and destruction of the universe according to Buddhist cosmology359 * The gradual formation of the universe359 * The gradual formation of animate beings360 * The duration of the universe362 * The destruction of beings363 * The destruction of the universe364 * The period of voidness364 * The four periods reflected in the existence of an individual being365 * The ceaseless continuity of the process of formation and destruction366 * APPENDIX 2 The bardo369 * The four bardos369 * The six uncertainties of the bardo of becoming369 * How to benefit the consciousness of beings in the bardo371 * APPENDIX 3 The four truths373 * Essential definitions and aspects of the four truths373 * The meaning of the term "four truths"374 * A sequential exposition of the four truths374 * APPENDIX 4 The five aggregates377 * APPENDIX 5 A Buddha's qualities of realization387 * APPENDIX 6 The five paths and the thirty-seven elements leading to enlightenment391 * APPENDIX 7 The two truths397 * The two truths according to the Madhyamika view397 * The specificity of the two truths398 * Their literal, etymological meaning398 * Their necessarily binary character399 * The kinds of cognition that validly ascertain the two truths400 * Divisions and categories of the two truths400 * The necessity and benefits of establishing the two truths410 * APPENDIX 8 The Madhyamika school413 * The Svatantrika Madhyamikas413 * The Prasangika Madhyamikas417 ** ''Establishing the ground Madhyamika''417 ** ''Identifying the object of refutation: the two selves''421 *** The difference between the "self" and "apprehension of (or clinging to) self"421 ** ''Analysis through the application of reason''422 *** The four arguments424 **** An investigation of causes: the Diamond Splinters argument425 **** An investigation of results: no effects, whether existent or nonexistent, can be said to be produced426 **** An investigation of the causal process itself: a refutation of origination related to four possible alternatives426 **** An investigation into the nature of phenomena: the Great Interdependence argument and the argument of "Neither One nor Many"427 ** ''Why the Madhyamika dialectic is superior to all other tenet systems''428 * APPENDIX 9 The twenty-one qualities of Dharmakaya wisdom431 * APPENDIX 10 The three doors of perfect liberation 437 * Notes439 * Glossary491 * Bibliography531 * Index537

Books/Treasury of Precious Qualities: Book Two +

Foreword by Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche xix Translators' Introduction xxi Treasury of Precious Qualities ''by Jigme Lingpa'' Chapter 10 The Teachings of the Vidyādharas 5 Chapter 11 The Ground of the Great Perfection 43 Chapter 12 The Extraordinary Path of Practice of the Great Perfection 51 Chapter 13 The Ultimate Result, the Kayas and Wisdoms 61 The Quintessence of the Three Paths ''by Longchen Yeshe Dorje, Kangyur Rinpoche'' The Extraordinary Path of Beings of Great Scope ''The Hidden Teachings of the Path Expounded in the Vajrayana, the Vehicle of Secret Mantra and the Short Path of the Natural Great Perfection'' CHAPTER 10 The Teachings of the Vidyādharas 83 1. The transmission lineages of the Vajrayana 83 1. The main subject of the text 85 :2. The difference between the vehicles of sutra and of mantra (1—2) 85 :2. The classification of the tantras ::3. A general classification of the tantras into four classes (3) 93 ::3. An explanation of the three classes of the outer tantras 99 :::4. A general exposition (4) 99 :::4. An exposition dealing specifically with the three classes of the outer tantras 100 ::::5. The difference between the Kriyatantra and the Charyatantra (5) 100 ::::5. The Kriyatantra or action tantra (6) 100 ::::5. The Charyatantra or conduct tantra (7) 103 ::::5. The Yogatantra (8, 9) 104 ::3. An explanation of the inner tantras 106 :::4. A general explanation (10) 106 :::4. A specific explanation of the three inner tantras (11) 107 :2. A exposition of the Anuttara or highest tantra 108 ::3. A short general description of the path (12) 108 ::3. A detailed explanation of the actual path of practice of the highest tantras 109 :::4. The practice related to the cause tantra or continuum of the universal ground: the view, meditation, conduct, and result (13) 109 :::4. The practice of the path tantra of skillful means: the maturing empowerment and the liberating stages of generation and perfection, together with the support provided by samaya 112 ::::5. A brief exposition (14) 112 ::::5. A detailed explanation 112 :::::6. Empowerment that brings to maturity 112 ::::::7. The need for empowerment (15—16) 112 ::::::7. An exposition of the character of authentic teachers and authentic disciples (17—18) 114 ::::::7. The An explanation of the actual empowerment 116 :::::::8. The preparatory stages of the empowerment (19) 116 :::::::8. empowerment itself 117 ::::::::9. A short outline concerning empowerments in general 117 :::::::::10. Empowerments classified according to the four classes of tantra (20—21) 117 :::::::::10. An explanation of the causes and conditions whereby empowerment is received (22—23) I23 :::::::::10. An explanation of the reason why four empowerments are necessary (24) 125 ::::::::9. A specific explanation of the four empowerments 126 :::::::::10. The essence of the four empowerments 126 ::::::::::11. A brief explanation (25) 126 ::::::::::11. A detailed explanation of the four empowerments 127 :::::::::::12.The vase empowerment (26—28) 127 :::::::::::12.The secret empowerment (29—30) 128 :::::::::::12. The wisdom empowerment (31—32) 130 :::::::::::12. The fourth empowerment or word empowerment (33-34) 131 :::::::::10. The meaning of the term “empowerment” (35) 132 :::::::::10. Empowerments related to the cause, path, and result (36) 133 :::::::8. The benefits of receiving empowerments (37) 134 :::::6. An explanation of the path of the liberating stages of generation and perfection 135 ::::::7. The generation stage 135 :::::::8. A short exposition (38) 135 :::::::8. A detailed exposition of the generation stage 135 ::::::::9. Purification, perfection, and ripening (39) 135 ::::::::9. A specific explanation of the purification of the propensities related to the four types of birth 136 :::::::::10. The generation-stage practice that purifies birth from an egg 136 ::::::::::11. A detailed explanation (40—43) 136 ::::::::::11. A short explanation (44) 139 :::::::::10. The generation-stage practice that purifies birth from a womb 139 ::::::::::11. The generation-stage practice performed through the four factors of awakening (45—46) 139 ::::::::::11. The generation-stage practice performed through the three vajra methods (47) 141 ::::::::::11. The generation-stage practice performed through the five factors of awakening 142 :::::::::::12. A general explanation of the correspondence between the ground and the result (48) 142 :::::::::::12. A specific explanation of the five factors of awakening of the path (49—54) 143 :::::::::10. The generation-stage practice that purifies birth from warmth and moisture (55) 146 :::::::::10. The generation-stage practice that purifies miraculous birth (56) 146 :::::::::10. Conclusion 147 ::::::::9. The three concentrations, the basis of the generation stage (57) 147 :::::::::10. The four “life-fastening” nails (58) 148 ::::::::9. Progress through the grounds and paths of realization (59-60) 152 ::::::7. The perfection stage 154 :::::::8. A brief explanation (61—62) 154 :::::::8. A detailed explanation 155 ::::::::9. The perfection stage with visual forms 155 :::::::::10. An explanation of the aggregate of the vajra body 155 ::::::::::11. An explanation of the aggregate of the vajra body according to the general tantra tradition 155 :::::::::::12. A short explanation (63) 155 :::::::::::12. A detailed explanation 155 ::::::::::::13. The stationary channels (64—66) 155 ::::::::::::13. The chakras or channel-wheels (67—72) 157 ::::::::::::13. The mobile winds on the outer, inner, and secret levels 160 :::::::::::::14. The winds on the outer level (73-75) 160 :::::::::::::14. The winds on the inner level (76) 162 :::::::::::::14. The winds on the secret level 163 ::::::::::::13. The positioned bodhichitta (77-78) 163 :::::::::::12. Conclusion (79—80) 164 ::::::::::11. An explanation of the aggregate of the vajra body according to the tradition of the ''Mayajala'', as explained in the ''Secret Heart-Essence'' (81—86) 165 :::::::::10. An explanation of the actual perfection stage 169 ::::::::::11. The skillful path of one’s own body (87) 169 ::::::::::11. The skillful path of the consort’s body (88) 178 ::::::::9. The perfection stage that is without visual forms (89) 178 ::::::7. Conclusion: The benefits of the generation and perfection stages (90) 179 :::::6. Samaya, the favorable condition for progress on the path 179 ::::::7. A brief explanation (91) 179 ::::::7. A detailed explanation 180 :::::::8. The categories of samaya 180 ::::::::9. The general vows of the Anuttaratantras 180 :::::::::10. The distinction between “samaya” and “vow” (92) 180 :::::::::10. The individual considered as the basis of samaya (93) 181 :::::::::10. Factors productive of a complete downfall (94—95) 181 :::::::::10. How the samayas are to be observed (96—98) 182 :::::::::10. The violation of the samayas 183 ::::::::::11. An explanation of the fourteen root downfalls (99-112) 183 ::::::::::11. An explanation of the category of infractions 190 :::::::::::12. The eight infractions (113—17) 190 :::::::::::12. Other categories of infraction (118) 191 ::::::::::11. The textual sources describing the downfalls (119) 192 :::::::::10. How damaged samaya is repaired 192. ::::::::::11. Why it is necessary to restore samaya (120) 192 ::::::::::11. The repairing of damaged samaya (121—24) 193 ::::::::9. An explanation of the samayas according to the ''General Scripture of Summarized Wisdom'', the ''Mayajala-tantra'', and the tradition of the Mind, the Great Perfection 195 :::::::::10. The samayas according to the ''General Scripture of Summarized Wisdom'' (125) 195 :::::::::10. The samayas according to the ''Mayajala'' (126—29) 197 :::::::::10. The samayas according to the tradition of the Mind, the Great Perfection 205 ::::::::::11. The samayas of “nothing to keep” (130) 205 ::::::::::11. The samayas of “something to keep” 208 :::::::::::12. The root samayas (131—34) 208 :::::::::::12. The branch samayas (135—36) 213 ::::::::9. An explanation of the twenty-five modes of conduct and of the vows of the five enlightened families 216 :::::::::10. The twenty-five modes of conduct (137) 216 :::::::::10. The vows connected with the five enlightened families 217 ::::::::::11. General vows (138) 217 ::::::::::11. The special vows of the five enlightened families (139-43) 218 :::::::8. The repairing of damaged samaya 222 ::::::::9. The individual considered as the basis of the vow (144) 222 ::::::::9. The causes of damaged samaya and the connected antidotes (145—46) 222 ::::::::9. The repairing of damaged samaya 223 :::::::::10. Why it is easy to repair damaged samaya (147—48) 223 :::::::::10. The methods of repairing broken samayas 224 ::::::::::11. Repairing the broken samayas of body, speech, and mind (149) 224 ::::::::::11. Repairing deteriorated samayas that have exceeded the time period for confession (150—51) 225 ::::::::::11. Other ways of repairing deteriorated samayas (152—53) 225 :::::::8. The defects resulting from the degeneration of samaya (154) 228 :::::::8. The benefits resulting from a pure observance of the samayas 228 CHAPTER 11 The Ground of the Great Perfection 231 1. A brief explanation of the ground of the Great Perfection (1—2) 231 1. A detailed explanation of the ground of the Great Perfection 232 :2. An explanation of the common ground of samsara and nirvana 232 ::3. An explanation of the ground itself 232 :::4. A general explanation of the fundamental nature of the ground (3-4) 232 :::4. An explanation of the various assertions made about the ground (5-6) 233 :::4. A detailed explanation of the ground according to our own unmistaken tradition (7—11) 234 ::3. An explanation of the appearances ot the ground 237 :::4. A general explanation of the manner of their arising (12) 237 :::4. The eight ways in which the appearances of the ground arise (13-14) 238 :2. The freedom of Samantabhadra 240 ::3. The way Samantabhadra is free in the dharmakaya (15) 240 ::3. How the sambhogakaya buddhafields manifest (16) 242 ::3. How the nirmanakaya accomplishes the benefit of beings (17—19) 242 :2. How beings become deluded 244 ::3. The causes and conditions of their delusion (20-23) 244 ::3. The manner in which delusion occurs (24—25) 247 ::3. Distinguishing between mind and appearance (26—29) 248 CHAPTER 12 The Extraordinary Path of Practice of the Great Perfection 251 1. A brief explanation (1—2) 251 1. A detailed explanation 252 :2. The distinctive features of the path of the Great Perfection 252 ::3. The superiority of the Great Perfection as compared with other paths (3-5) 252 ::3. The particular features of the three inner classes of the Great Perfection (6) 254 :2. An explanation of the actual path of the Great Perfection 255 ::3. The ways of subsiding or freedom 255 :::4. How one is to understand that there is nothing to be freed (7) 255 :::4. A specific explanation of the individual modes of subsiding or “states of openness and freedom” (8) 256 ::3. An explanation of the ten distinctions 257 :::4. Distinguishing awareness from the ordinary mind (9—11) 257 :::4. Distinguishing awareness from the ordinary mind in relation to stillness (12) 258 :::4. Distinguishing awareness from the ordinary mind with reference to unfolding creative power (13) 259 :::4. Distinguishing awareness from the ordinary mind with reference to the mode of subsiding or freedom (14—15) 260 :::4. Distinguishing the universal ground from the dharmakaya (16) 261 :::4. Distinguishing the state of delusion from the state of freedom (17) 262 :::4. Distinguishing the ground from the result with reference to spontaneous presence (18) 262 :::4. Distinguishing the path from the result with reference to primordial purity (19) 263 :::4. Distinguishing the deities appearing in the bardo (20) 263 :::4. Distinguishing the buddhafields that give release (21) 264 ::3. An explanation of the key points of the practice 265 :::4. The practice of those who perceive everything as the self-experience of awareness 265 ::::5. Trekchö, the path of primordial purity 265 :::::6. The view that severs the continuum of the city (of samsara) (22) 265 :::::6. Meditation is the self-subsiding (of thoughts) through the absence of all clinging (23) 266 :::::6. Conduct that overpowers appearances (24) 266 :::::6. The result is the actual nature (the dharmakaya) beyond all exertion (25) 267 ::::5.The particularity of thögal, the practice of spontaneous presence (26—27) 268 :::4. The practice of those who perceive appearances in the manner of sense objects 269 ::::5. Sustaining meditative equipoise with shamatha and vipashyana 269 :::::6. A brief explanation (28—29) 269 :::::6. A more detailed explanation (30—31) 270 :::::6. A short account of the union of shamatha and vipashyana (32-33) 271 ::::5. Bringing thoughts onto the path (34—35) 272 1. Conclusion of the chapter (36—37) 274 CHAPTER 13 The Great Result That Is Spontaneously Present 277 1.The result is not produced by extraneous causes (1—2) 277 1. A detailed explanation of the five kayas 278 :2. The three kayas of inner luminosity of the ultimate expanse 278 ::3. An explanation of the three kayas 278 :::4. The vajrakaya, the unchanging and indestructible body (3) 278 :::4. The abhisambodhikaya, the body of manifest enlightenment (4) 279 :::4. The dharmakaya, the body of peaceful ultimate reality (5) 280 ::3. From the standpoint of ultimate reality, the three kayas of inner luminosity cannot be differentiated 280 :::4. The three kayas of inner luminosity are not objects of the ordinary mind (6) 280 :::4. The manner in which the three kayas of inner luminosity dwell in the dharmadhatu (7) 281 :2. An explanation of the two kayas of outwardly radiating luminosity 282 ::3. An explanation of the sambhogakaya 282 :::4. The sambhogakaya in which the ground and the result are not separate 282 ::::5.A brief explanation (8) 282 ::::5.A detailed explanation of the five perfections of the sambhogakaya 282 :::::6. The perfection of the place (9—10) 282 :::::6. The perfection of the time 284 :::::6. The perfection of the Teacher 284 :::::6. The perfection of the retinue (11) 285 :::::6. The perfection of the teaching 285 :::4. The sambhogakaya of the spontaneously present result 286 ::::5. The peaceful mandala of the upper palace (12) 286 ::::5. The wrathful mandala of the lower palace (13—17) 287 :::4. A summary of the sambhogakaya in which the ground and result are not separate, together with the sambhogakaya of the spontaneously present result (18—19) 292 ::3. An explanation of the nirmanakaya 293 :::4. A brief explanation (20) 293 :::4. detailed explanation 294 ::::5. The nirmanakaya of luminous character 294 :::::6. The nirmanakaya of luminous character that is counted as the sambhogakaya (in the vehicle of the paramitas) 294 ::::::7. A brief explanation 294 ::::::7. A detailed explanation in six points 294 :::::::8. The place (21) 294 :::::::8. The Teachers 295 :::::::8. The primordial wisdoms (22) 295 :::::::8. The retinue (23) 296 :::::::8. The time (24) 298 :::::::8. The defilements to be purified (25) 298 ::::::7. Conclusion (26) 299 :::::6. The nirmanakaya of indwelling luminous character 300 ::::::7. The actual nirmanakaya of indwelling luminous character 300 :::::::8. A brief explanation of the nirmanakaya fields of the ten directions (27) 300 :::::::8. The five buddhafields that grant release and freedom (28—33) 301 ::::::7. The highest celestial pure lands (34) 304 ::::5. The nirmanakaya guides of beings 305 :::::6. The explanation of the guides themselves (35—40) 305 :::::6. The secondary emanations of the mrmanakaya guides of beings (41-43) 309 :::::6. The illusion-like appearance of the nirmanakaya guides of beings (44) 311 ::::5.The diversified nirmanakaya 313 :::::6. The diversified nirmanakaya itself 313 ::::::7. The nirmanakaya that appears as inanimate objects (45) 313 ::::::7. The animate nirmanakaya (46) 314 :::::6. Conclusion: the dissolution of the rupakaya’s appearance 314 ::::::7. The dissolution of the nirmanakaya into the sambhogakaya (47) 314 ::::::7. The dissolution of the sambhogakaya into the dharmakaya (48) 315 ::::::7. The abiding of the dharmakaya in the dharmadhatu (49) 316 1. The virtuous conclusion 318 :2. The circumstances that make possible the composition of shastras 318 :2. The dedication of the merit of composition 319 :2. Colophon 321 APPENDIX 1 The Three Transmissions of Kahma, the Orally Transmitted Teachings 323 1. The mind transmission of the Buddhas 323 1. The knowledge transmission of the Vidyādharas 324 :2. The transmission lineage of Mahayoga, the system of tantra 327 :2. The transmission lineage of Anuyoga, the system of explanatory teaching 327 :2. The transmission lineage of Atiyoga, the system of pith instructions 328 1. The hearing transmission of spiritual masters 330 APPENDIX 2 The Manner in Which the Tantras Are Expounded 333 1. How the teacher is to teach 333 :2. The six exegetical perspectives 333 :2. The four ways of exposition 335 1. How disciples are to receive the teaching 336 :2. Mental attitude 336 :2. Conduct 338 1. The method of explanation and study 338 APPENDIX 3 The View Expounded in the Guhyagarbha, the Root Tantra of the Mayajala Cycle 341 1. The view of phenomena 342 1. The view of the ultimate nature of phenomena 340 1. The view of self-cognizing awareness 347 APPENDIX 4 The Ten Elements of the Tantric Path 351 APPENDIX 5 The Mandala 353 APPENDIX 6 The Winds 359 APPENDIX 7 A Brief Summary of the Stages of Generation andPerfection 363 APPENDIX 8 Transmission Lineages of the Treasury of Precious Qualities 367 ''Notes'' 369 ''Bibliography'' 483 ''Index'' 493

Books/Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith +

* List of Mapsvii * Series Editor's Forewordix * Acknowledgmentsxiii * Translatorsxv * Abbreviationsxvii * About the Companion Websitexix * Introduction1 * Treatise on Awakening Mahāyāna Faith61 * English-to-Chinese Glossary139 * Chinese-to-English Glossary143 * Bibliography147 * Index155 +

Books/Trusting the Gold +

* Our Basic Goodness11 * What Is Good Enough?12 * Thank You for Everything14 * The Second Arrow15 * Resisting the Demons18 * This Too21 * Newspaper Meditation23 * Meet You Edge and Soften27 * The Gift of a Failed Strategy29 * From White Guilt to Heartbreak32 * Speaking and Receiving Difficult Truths39 * Not a Problem43 * Thank You, Siri45 * What You Practice Grows Stronger49 * Real but Not True51 * Sacred Presence52 * Every Day, No Matter What53 * Love Is Always Loving You59 * Loving Ourselves into Healing63 * The Boundary of Our Freedom67 * Living True to Ourselves70 * Please, May I Be Kind75 * Narayan's Ant Farm78 * We Are Friends81 * Reverence for Life84 * Our Secret Beauty89 * The Bridge Between Longing and Belonging92 * Keeping Company with Grief95 * Our World's Fear98 * Loving Life No Matter What103 * Two Wings109 * A Sunlit Sky111 * "This Is It"114 * Remembering the Way Home115 * Surrendering Again and Again118 * Touching Presence125 * Saying Yes126 * The Unreal Other129 * The Vast Sky of Awareness132 * Seeing Behind the Mask135 * "I'm an Undo"139 * Is This Universe a Friendly Place?140 * A Prayer for Mia144 * Happy for No Reason145 * The Lion's Roar150 * These Precious Moments151 * Standing Still153 * Our True Home155 * A Heart Ready for Anything157 * The Fragrance of Awareness158 * Truth or Love?161 ** Acknowledgments165 ** Notes167 ** About the Author171 ** About the Illustrator173

Books/Tsung-mi and the Sinification of Buddhism +

* ''Acknowledgments''xi * ''Abbreviations''xiii *CHAPTER ONE * Introduction3 <center>PART ONE: ''Tsung-mi's Life''</center> *CHAPTER TWO * A Biography of Tsung-mi27 ** Classical Background (780–804)28 ** Ch'an Training and the ''Scripture of Perfect Enlightenment'' (804–810)33 ** Ch'eng-kuan and Hua-yen (810–816)58 ** Early Scholarship (816–828)68 ** Literati Connections (828–835)73 ** The Sweet Dew Incident (835)85 ** Later Years and Death (835–841)88 <center>PART TWO: ''Doctrinal Classification''</center> *CHAPTER THREE * Doctrinal Classification93 ** The Hermeneutical Problem in Buddhism93 ** The Chinese Context104 *CHAPTER FOUR * Doctrinal Classification in the Hua-yen Tradition115 ** Chih-yen's Classification Schemes117 ** Fa-tsang's Classification Scheme127 ** Tsung-mi's Classification Scheme134 *CHAPTER FIVE * The Sudden Teaching136 ** The Sudden Teaching According to Fa-tsang137 ** The Problematical Nature of the Sudden Teaching142 ** The Sudden Teaching and Ch'an144 ** The Sudden Teaching in Tsung-mi's Thought146 *CHAPTER SIX * The Perfect Teaching154 ** The Samādhi of Oceanic Reflection154 ** Two Paradigms157 ** The Shift from ''Shih-shih wu-ai'' to ''Li-shih wu-ai''162 ** The Teaching that Reveals the Nature165 ** The ''Scripture of Perfect Enlightenment''167 <center>PART THREE: ''The Ground of Practice''</center> *CHAPTER SEVEN * A Cosmogonic Map for Buddhist Practice173 ** The Five Stages of Phenomenal Evolution173 ** Nature Origination and Conditioned Origination187 ** Sudden Enlightenment Followed by Gradual Cultivation192 ** Tsung-mi's Ten-Stage Model196 *CHAPTER EIGHT * The Role of Emptiness206 ** A Cosmogony-Derived P'an-chiao206 ** Tsung-mi's Theory of Religious Language209 ** The Meaning of Awareness216 ** The Tathāgatagarbha Critique of Emptiness218 *CHAPTER NINE * Tsung-mi's Critique of Ch'an224 ** Ch'an and the Teachings224 ** Critique of the Different Types of Ch'an230 ** Historical Context244 <center>PART FOUR: ''The Broader Intellectual Tradition''</center> *CHAPTER TEN * Confucianism and Taoism in Tsung-mi's Thought255 ** Tsung-mi's Extension of P'an-chiao to the Two Teachings256 ** Tsung-mi's Critique of Confucianism and Taoism261 ** The Teaching of Men and Gods279 ** Tsung-mi's Synthesis of Confucianism and Taoism285 ** Tsung-mi's Intellectual Personality293 *CHAPTER ELEVEN * Tsung-mi and Neo-Confucianism295 ** Chu Hsi's Critique of the Buddhist Understanding of Nature297 ** A Common Problematic304 ** The Problem of Predication306 ** The Structural Parallels309 *APPENDIX I * A Note on Biographical Sources313 *APPENDIX II * A Note on Tsung-mi 's Writings315 * Glossary327 * Bibliography335 * Index355

U

Books/Unraveling the Intent: Saṃdhinirmocana (Forgues, G.) +

* Title * Imprint * Contents * Summary * Acknowledgements * Introduction ** Setting and Summary ** The Context ** Main Points of the Subject Matter *** The Basis *** The Path *** The Result ** Source Text and Various Versions **Translation Issues and Academic Research ***Identifying and organizing source texts ***Evaluating the available translations ***Checking intertextual patterns and delineating the scope of primary sources ***Collating academic research ***Organizing academic resources according to the text structure and specific translation issues ** Translating the text * Unraveling the Intent ** Prologue ** Chapter 1 ** Chapter 2 ** Chapter 3 ** Chapter 4 ** Chapter 5 ** Chapter 6 ** Chapter 7 ** Chapter 8 ** Chapter 9 ** Chapter 10 * Abbreviations * Notes * Bibliography * Glossary +

V

Books/Vegetal Buddhas +

* INTRODUCTION: NONSENTIENTS, NATURE AND MATERIAL OBJECTS1 * CHAPTER 1: ECOSOPHIA AND ECOGNOSIS: BUDDHIST DOCTRINES OF THE NONSENTIENT7 ** The Status of Nonsentients in East Asian Buddhism7 ** Tendai Ecognosis12 *** 1. Annen and the Modalities of Plants' Salvation14 *** 2. Plants Become Buddhas: the ''Sōmoku hosshin shugyō jōbutsu ki'' Attributed to Ryōgen16 *** 3. Plants do not Become Buddhas: the ''Sanjūshika no kotogaki'' Attributed to Genshin18 *** 4. Plants as the Unconditioned: the ''Kankō ruijū'' Attributed to Chujin21 *** 5. Tendai-related Ecognosis in Other Buddhist Schools27 ** Shingon Ecognosis30 * CHAPTER 2: ECOPIETAS: THE DISCOURSE OF THE NONSENTIENT AND ITS CULTURAL RAMIFICATIONS41 ** The Domain of Ecopietas41 ** Trees, ''Kami'', and Buddhism43 ** Suwa Shrine's ''Onbashira'' Ritual and the Transformation of Nature57 ** The Revenge of the Nonsentients60 ** Soteriological Implications of Doctrines on Plants' Salvation63 * CHAPTER 3: IDEOLOGICAL EFFECTS69 ** Environmentalism and Ecological Ethics69 ** Against Tree Cutting: Environmentalism, Religion, and Ideology75 ** Animism and the Japanese Cultural Tradition81 ** A Metaphor of Power85 * CONCLUSION91 * BIBLIOGRAPHY95 * GENERAL INDEX119 * LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS129

Books/Visions of Unity +

* List of Tables ix * Acknowledgments xi * Introduction 1 ** 1. Introducing the Visions of Unity 6 ** 2. Introducing the Chapters 11 * Chapter One: Life and Works of the Golden Paṇḍita 17 ** 1. Political and Religious Landscape of Fifteenth-Century Tibet 17 ** 2. Life of the Golden Paṇḍita 23 *** ''Early Years and Education'' 25 *** ''Becoming a Prolific Writer and Famous Scholar'' 31 *** ''Settling in the Golden Monastery and Exploring New Horizons'' 35 *** ''Becoming a Tantric Master and Crystallizing Novel Views'' 44 ** 3. Writings of Shakya Chokden 51 *** ''Chronological List of Shakya Chokden's Works'' 51 *** ''Topical Divisions of Shakya Chokden's Works Addressed in This Book'' 59 * Chapter Two: The Intellectual Background of Shakya Chokden's Interpretation of Yogācāra and Madhyamaka 71 ** 1. Two Tendencies in Yogācāra and Niḥsvabhāvavāda Writings 71 ** 2. Basic Elements of Shakya Chokden's Approach to Mahāyāna Systems 84 ** 3. Pointed Disappointments: Shakya Chokden's Personal Reflections 91 ** 4. Broadening Empty Horizons: A Note on Changes in Shakya Chokden's Views 102 * Chapter Three: Readjusting Rungs of the Ladder: Revisiting Doxographical Hierarchies 109 ** 1. Key Features of Shakya Chokden's Approach to the Buddhist Tenets 109 ** 2. Demarcating the Middle: On the Valid Divisions of Madhyamaka and Great Madhyamaka 116 ** 3. Self-Emptiness and Other-Emptiness 122 *** ''Self-Emptiness'' 124 *** ''Other-Emptiness'' 127 ** 4. Bidding Farewell to the Prāsaṅgika/Svātantrika Division? 136 ** 5. Are There Two Types of Yogācāra Madhyamaka? 141 ** 6. Are There Any Cittamātra Followers Around? 145 ** 7. Expanding the Madhyamika Camp 150 * Chapter Four: Through Broken Boundaries to New Enclosures: Reconciling Yogācāra and Madhyamaka 157 ** 1. Differences between Alīkākāravāda and Satyākāravāda 157 ** 2. The Heart of the Matter: Probing the Alīkākāravāda/ Niḥsvabhāvavāda Distinction 168 ** 3. A New Look at the Old Origins: Distinctions of Madhyamaka Stemming from Interpretations of the Second and Third Dharmacakras 183 *** ''Looking at the Second and Third Dharmacakras through the Eyes of the Madhyamaka Founders'' 183 *** ''Position of Alīkākāravāda'' 186 *** ''Position of Niḥsvabhāvavāda'' 191 *** ''Positions of Later Madhyamikas'' 201 ** 4. Steering the Middle Way between the Two Conflicting Middle Ways: The Art of Not Taking Sides 207 * Chapter Five: Explorations in Empty Luminosity: Shakya Chokden's Position on Primordial Mind 213 ** 1. Facing the Reality of Primordial Mind 213 *** ''Primordial Mind and the Question of Existence'' 213 *** ''The Question of Withstanding Analysis'' 220 *** ''Does True Existence Have to Be Negated in Order to Abandon Grasping at It?'' 223 ** 2. Primordial Mind as an Impermanent Phenomenon 228 ** 3. (Un)linking the Self-Cognizing Primordial Mind and Dualistic Consciousness 238 ** 4. Does Self-Cognition Cognize Itself? 242 ** 5. Primordial Mind as the Bridge between Yogācāra and Tantra 249 *** ''Primordial Mind as the Focus of All Mahāyāna Paths'' 249 *** ''Different but Concordant Approaches to Primordial Mind in Alīkākāravāda and Tantra'' 252 *** ''A Powerful Ally: Using the Tantric View of Reality for Support'' 264 * Conclusion: The Grand Unity—Shakya Chokden's Middle Way 269 * Glossary of Buddhist Terms: English-Tibetan with Sanskrit Parallels279 * Spellings of Tibetan Names and Terms299 * Notes307 * Bibliography391 * Index423

Books/Vivid Awareness +

* ''Foreword''vii * ''Translator's Introduction''ix * ''Preface''xiii * PART ONE * ''Helpful Advice for Good Times and Bad'' * I. Prophecies of Hidden Lands3 * 2. Recognizing Our Good Fortune19 * 3· The General Preliminaries30 * PART TWO * ''The Special Preliminaries: The Analytic Meditation of a Pandita'' * 4· The Foundation: Karma, Cause, and Result45 * 5· The Importance of Mind62 * 6. Appearances and Mind78 * 7· Looking at the Mind94 * 8. A Summary of the Analytic Meditation of a Pandita107 * PART THREE * ''The Resting Meditation of a Kusulu'' * 9· Devotion and Stability113 * 10. Getting Right Down to Meditation121 * II. The Benefits ofthe Kusulu's Meditation133 * 12. Distinguishing Mind and Awareness154 * PART FOUR * ''Following Through in Our Lives'' * 13. Taking the Situations of Our Lives as the Path169 * 14. Taking Joy and Sorrow as the Path175 * 15. Taking Pain and Illness as the Path179 * 16. Taking Afflictions and Emotions as the Path182 * 17. Taking the Bardo as the Path199 * 18. Closing Words210 * Appendix: The Texts of Khenpo Gangshar215 ** ''The Concise Mind Instructions Called Naturally Liberating Whatever You Meet''217 ** ''Naturally Liberating Whatever You Meet: Instructions to Guide You on the Profound Path''221 * ''Bibliography''234 * ''Index''235

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Books/What is Tathāgatagarbha: Buddha-Nature or Buddha Within? +

* SAITŌ Akira: Introductioniii–iv * SAITŌ Akira: Buddha-Nature or Buddha Within? Revisiting the Meaning of ''Tathāgata-garbha''1–15 * KANŌ Kazuo: A Syntactic Analysis of the Term ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in Sanskrit Fragments and Multiple Meanings of ''Garbha'' in the ''Mahāparinirvāṇamahāsūtra'' 17–40 * Michael ZIMMERMANN: A Multi-associative Term: Why ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Is Not One and the Same41–55 * Christopher V. JONES: Reconsidering the "Essence" of Indian Buddha- Nature Literature57–78 * SHIMODA Masahiro: The Structure of the Soteriology of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Thought as Seen from the Perspective of Different Modes of Discourse: A Response to Critical Buddhism79–97 * List of Contributors98–100 +

Books/When the Clouds Part +

* Abbreviationsix * Prefacexi * Acknowledgmentsxiii <center>Translator's Introduction 1</center> * The Sūtra Sources of the ''Tathāgatagarbha'' Teachings3 * [[Books/When_the_Clouds_Part/Different_Ways_of_Explaining_the_Meaning_of_Tathāgatagarbha|Different Ways of Explaining the Meaning of ''Tathāgatagarbha'']]53 ** Explanations of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in Indian Texts54 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as the Emptiness That Is a Nonimplicative Negation55 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as Mind’s Luminous Nature57 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as the Ālaya-Consciousness63 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as a Sentient Being63 *** ''Tathāgatagarbha'' as the Dharmakāya, Suchness, the Disposition, and Nonconceptuality64 ** Tibetan Assertions on ''Tathāgatagarbha''65 * The History and Transmission of "The Five Dharmas of Maitreya" from India to Tibet81 * The ''Mahāyānottaratantra'' (''Ratnagotravibhāga'') and the ''Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā''93 ** Texts and Authorships93 ** The Meanings of the Titles ''Ratnagotravibhāga'' and ''Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra''95 * The ''Uttaratantra'' and Its Relationship with Yogācāra105 * The Meditative Tradition of the ''Uttaratantra'' and Shentong123 ** The Two Approaches of Explaining the ''Uttaratantra''123 ** The Shentong Lineages and the Meditative Tradition of the ''Uttaratantra'' in the Jonang, Kagyü, and Nyingma Schools131 ** Indian Forerunners of Shentong, Early Tibetan Shentongpas, and Their Connection to the ''Uttaratantra''140 * The ''Uttaratantra'' and Mahāmudrā151 ** Sūtra Mahāmudrā, Tantra Mahāmudrā, and Essence Mahāmudrā151 ** The Sūtra Sources of Mahāmudrā165 ** Maitrīpa’s Mahāmudrā of "Mental Nonengagement"167 ** Connections between Maitrīpa’s Mahāmudrā and the ''Uttaratantra''177 ** Other Indian Nontantric Treatises on Mahāmudrā184 ** Gampopa’s Mahāmudrā and the ''Uttaratantra''190 ** The Third Karmapa, Rangjung Dorje202 ** The Eighth Karmapa, Mikyö Dorje206 ** Tagpo Dashi Namgyal212 ** Padma Karpo214 ** The Eighth Situpa, Chökyi Jungné216 ** Other Kagyü Masters on Mahāmudrā and the ''Uttaratantra''227 ** Gö Lotsāwa’s Unique Mahāmudrā Interpretation of the ''Uttaratantra''243 ** The Geden Kagyü Tradition of Mahāmudrā278 * Overview of the Indian and Tibetan Texts Presented in This Book283 ** The ''Uttaratantra'' and Ratnagotravibhāgavyākhyā283 ** The Indian Texts on the ''Uttaratantra''288 ** The Tibetan Commentaries301 ** Instruction Manuals314 <center>Translations 329</center> * ''Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra—An Analysis of the Jewel Disposition, A Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna''331 ** Chapter 1: The Three Jewels and the Tathāgata Heart337 ** Chapter 2: Awakening415 ** Chapter 3: The Buddha Qualities429 ** Chapter 4: Buddha Activity437 ** Chapter 5: The Benefit455 * ''Pith Instructions on "The Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna"'' by Sajjana461 * ''A Commentary on the Meaning of the Words of the "Uttaratantra"''473 * ''A Commentary on "The Treatise on the Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna," The Heart of the Luminous Sun'' by Dashi Öser695 * ''Instructions on "The Ultimate Continuum of the Mahāyāna"'' by Mönlam Tsültrim777 * ''The Repository of Wisdom'' by Mönlam Tsültrim789 * ''The Heart of the Matter of Luminosity'' by Mönlam Tsültrim797 * ''Pith Instructions on the Wisdom at the Point of Passing when about to Die'' by Mönlam Tsültrim801 * ''The Lamp That Excellently Elucidates the System of the Proponents of Shentong Madhyamaka'' by the Eighth Karmapa803 * ''Guiding Instructions on the View of Great Shentong Madhyamaka— Light Rays of the Stainless Vajra Moon'' by Jamgön Kongtrul831 * Appendix 1: Selected Indian and Tibetan Comments on ''Uttaratantra'' I.27–2855 * Appendix 2: Selected Indian and Tibetan Comments on ''Uttaratantra'' I.154–5901 * Appendix 3: Indian and Tibetan Comments on ''Abhisamayālaṃkāra'' V.2943 * Appendix 4: The Emptiness Endowed with All Supreme Aspect953 * Appendix 5: The General Explanation of ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in Yeshé Dorje's Commentary on the ''Uttaratantra''963 * Appendix 6: The Presentation of the Purpose of Teaching ''Tathāgatagarbha'' in Yeshé Dorje's Commentary on the ''Uttaratantra''969 * Appendix 7: Comparison of the First Six Topics of the Fourth and Fifth Vajra Points in the ''Uttaratantra'' with the Same Six Topics in the ''Mahāyānasūtrā- laṃkāra'' and the ''Mahāyānasaṃgraha''979 * Appendix 8: ''A Letter from Stainless Expanse and Awareness— a Casual Summary of the "Uttaratantra"''983 * Notes985 * English–Sanskrit–Tibetan Glossary1227 * Tibetan–Sanskrit–English Glossary1231 * Selected Bibliography1235 * Index1259

Books/Wisdom of Buddha: The Saṁdhinirmocana Mahāyāna Sūtra +

* Prefacexiii * Introductionxv *The Setting and Chapter One: * The Chapter of Gambhīrārthasaṁdhinirmocana3 * Chapter Two: The Questions of Dharmodgata23 * Chapter Three: The Questions of Suviśuddhamati33 * Chapter Four: The Questions of Subhūti51 * Chapter Five: The Questions of Viśālamati67 * Chapter Six: The Questions of Guṇākara79 * Chapter Seven: The Questions of Paramārthasamudgata93 * Chapter Eight: The Questions of Maitreya147 * Chapter Nine: The Questions of Avalokiteśvara219 * Chapter Ten: The Questions of Mañjuśrī273 * Notes313 * Abbreviations371 * Bibliography373 * Glossary384 * Index386 +

Books/Wǒnhyo's Commentaries on the Awakening of Faith in Mahāyāna +

* Acknowledgmentsi * Abbreviationsii *PART ONE * Preface2 ** I. Introduction6 ** II. The Essence of the ''Ta-ch'eng ch'i-hsin lun''26 ** III. Biography of Wonhyo45 ** IV. Wonhyo's Bibliography58 ** V. Wonhyo's Thought73 ** VI. Conclusion84 * Notes to PART ONE92 *PART TWO ** I. Introduction to Translation115 ** II. Translation120 * Notes to Translation186 * Appendix250 * Bibliography253 +

Y

Books/Yogâcāra Buddhism Transmitted or Transformed? Paramārtha (499–569) and His Chinese Interpreters +

* '''Abstract''''''iii''' * '''Table of Content''''''v''' * '''List of Tables and Figures''''''xii''' * '''Acknowledgement''''''xiii''' * '''Abbreviations''''''xvii''' * '''Dedication''''''xviii''' * '''0. Introduction''''''1''' * 0.1 Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha as Two Competing Traditions1 * Yogâcāra Tradition (Acquired Gnosis) v.s. Tathāgatagarbha Tradition (Inherent Gnosis)2 * Paramârtha's Life and Work in China4 * 0.2 The Traditional Image of Paramârtha and Its Problems7 * The Traditional Image of Paramârtha7 * The Traditional Interpretation of ''Jiexing'': ''Jiexing'' [equals] "Original Awakening"9 * Problematizing the Traditional Image of Paramârtha11 * 0.3 Toward a New Image of Paramârtha: Methodological Considerations13 * Situating My Dissertation in the Study of Religion17 * Difficulties with Reconstructing the Original Teachings of Paramârtha21 * (A) Reconstructing from Indian Sources with the Help of Chinese and Tibetan Sources?21 * (B) Reconstruction from Later Testimonies?25 * A New Approach to the Study of Paramârtha27 * 0.4 Review of Previous Scholarship: Three Dubious Assumptions30 * (1) The ''Awakening of Faith'' Was Related to Paramârtha in a Certain Way30 * (2) Paramârtha Stood Against Xuanzang34 * (3) Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha Are Two Distinct and Antagonistic Traditions36 * The Internal Diversity of Yogâcāra39 * More Than One Kinds of Tathāgatagarbha Thought40 * The Unawareness of the Heterogeneity of the ''Shelun'' Masters41 * Other Related Studies of Paramârtha and of the Sixth Century Chinese Buddhism44 * 0.5 Outline of Chapters48 * '''Chapter 1. Two Competing Readings of the Notion of ''Jiexing'' ''''''52''' * 1.1 The Initial Passages on ''Jiexing''52 * ''Shelun Jiexing'' Passage (1)53 * ''Shelun Jiexing'' Passage (2)54 * The Relation between the Two "''Shelun Jiexing''" Passages"?54 * Ui 's Interpretation of ''Jiexing''56 * 1.2 The Genealogy of our Current Understanding of ''Jiexing''62 * (1) The First Stage: ''Jiexing'' Identified with the "Original awakening"62 * ''Dasheng qixinlun yishu'' 大乘起信論義疏 by Tanyan (516-588)62 * Jingying Huiyuan 淨影慧遠 (523-592)65 * ''Dasheng zhiguan famen'' 大乘止觀法門67 * ''She dasheng lun chao'' 攝大乘論抄72 * Jizang 吉藏 (549-623)74 * (2) The Second Stage: Two Kinds of "Original Awakening"75 * Faxiang School: Wǒnch'ǔk 圓測 (613-696)76 * Huayan School: Wǒnhyo 元曉 (617-686)79 * (3) The Third Stage: Return to the First Stage81 * Huayan School: Fazang 法藏 (643-712)82 * Faxiang School: Tunnyun 遁倫 (active around 700?)84 * 1.3 "Permanence Reading" (''Awakening of Faith'') vs. "Impermanence Reading" (T2805)86 * The Implications of Reading ''Jiexing'' as "Original Awakening"86 * The "Permanence Reading" of ''Jiexing''90 * 1.4 An Alternative Reading of ''Jiexing'' Suggested by T280590 * T2805 ''Jiexing'' Passage (1)91 * T2805 ''Jiexing'' Passage (2)92 * Kimura's Study of ''Jiexing'' in T280594 * Preliminary Observation of ''Jiexing'' in T280595 * Impermanence Reading of ''Jiexing''96 * The Testimonies for the Impermanence Reading of ''Jiexing''97 * Zhiyi 智顗 (538-597)99 * ''Zhaolun shu'' 肇論疏100 * 1.5 Conclusion103 * '''Chapter 2. Doubts about the Connection between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and Paramârtha''''''105''' * 2.1 The Early Reception of the ''Awakening of Faith''105 * 2.2 The Inconsistency among the Chinese Buddhist Catalogues108 * 2.3 Three Claims Made regarding the Provenance of the ''Awakening of Faith''111 * (A) Hirakawa: Paramârtha Translated the ''Awakening of Faith''111 * Regarding the Doubt Cast by the ''Fajing lu''111 * Regarding the Terminological Differences between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and other works by Paramârtha112 * The ''Awakening of Faith'' was Based on Indian Scriptures113 * (B) Mochizuki, Takemura: Paramârtha Had Nothing to Do with the ''Awakening of Faith''114 * Mochizuki115 * The Terminological Differences between the ''Awakening of Faith'' and Paramârtha119 * Strengthening Mochizuki's Arguments: Takemura's Observations121 * (C) Kashiwagi, Yoshizu: the ''Awakening of Faith'' is connected with Paramârtha, although he may not have translated it125 * 2.4 How Does the ''Awakening of Faith'' Deviate from the Indian Yogâcāra Texts?129 * ''Awakening of Faith'': Thusness Is Permeated130 * ''MSg'', ''MSgBh'', ''CWSL'': Unconditioned Dharmas Cannot Be Permeated131 * Thusness as the "Object" of the "non-discriminating cognition" in Paramârtha133 * Thusness as the Object-support Condition in the ''Yogâcārabhūmi''136 * The notion of ''zhenru suoyuanyuan zhongzi'' 眞如所緣緣種子138 * 2.5 Conclusion141 * '''Chapter 3. A Philological Investigation of T2805''''''143''' * 3.1 An Introduction to the Dunhuang Fragment T2805 (S.2747/Or. 8210)143 * 3.2 Some Preliminary Observations of T2805146 * Preliminary Dating of the Composition of T2805147 * T2805 Cannot Be Done by Paramârtha Himself148 * T2805 Probably Predates Xuanzang148 * The Style of T2805149 * The Division in terms of ''pin'' and ''zhang''150 * The Origin of ''zhang''?152 * No Reference to the ''Awakening of Faith'' in T2805153 * 3.3 Methodological Considerations about the Terminological Analysis155 * Ishii's NGSM Method156 * Features of Paramârtha's Terminology158 * A Few Features of the Chinese Language160 * More Methodological Considerations about Working with the CBETA162 * 3.4 The Affinity between T2805 and Paramârtha's Works from the Terminological Perspective166 * (1) New Translated Terms Invented by Paramârtha's Group174 * (2) Special Transliterations by Paramârtha's Group174 * (3) Newly Introduced School Names176 * (4) Special Technical Terms from Sanskrit176 * (5) Special Notions not directly from Sanskrit177 * 3.5 The Intimacy between T2805 with the ''Suixiang lun''179 * The Phrase ''Jiwufu''181 * T2805 and ''Suixiang lun'': Written down/Transcribed by the Same Person183 * Reflections and Disclaimers184 * 3.6 The Northern and Southern Traditions of Chinese Buddhism in the Sixth Century185 * (1) T2805'sAffiliation with the Southern Chinese Buddhist Context188 * (2) The Distinction between the South vs. the North189 * (3) The Confluence between the South and the North190 * A Separate Category: "Authors in the North around 589-600"191 * "Exegetical Tools" in the South198 * Paucity of Extant Commentaries from the North203 * Distinction between the North vs. the South from Later Testimonies204 * 3.7 Why is it unlikely that the Author of T2805 Was Originated from the North?205 * Some Terms in T2805 That Are Never Used by Authors from the North206 * Notions in T2805 That Were Rarely Used by Authors from the North207 * (1) "Cause of Habituation" vs. "Cause of Retribution"208 * (2) The Notion of "the Last Mind of the ''Gotra'' of the Path"212 * (3) The Notion of ''jingzhi'' ("cognitive object and cognition")217 * 3.8 What Would Constitute a Counter-example?218 * Challenge (A)219 * Challenge (B)220 * 3.9 Contact with Hui yuan?223 * (1) The Notion of "Arising by Adjusting to Falsity" (''suiwang sheng'' 隨妄生)223 * (2) The Notion of the "Three Kinds of Pure Land" (''sanzhong jingtu'' 三種淨土)226 * (3) The Notion of "Reversely Permeating" (''huanxun'')229 * 3.10 Contact with the Buddhist Tradition in the North?231 * (1) The Notion of "Ten Bodhisattva-stage of the Śrāvaka Vehicle" (''shengwen shidi'' 聲聞十地)231 * (2) ''Liushi xin'' 六時心: T 2805 and the Interpolated Explanation of the ''FXL''232 * (3) The Term ''lineng'' 力能 ("power and capability")234 * 3.11 Conclusion235 * '''Chapter 4. Doctrinal Coherence between T2805 and Paramârtha's Works''''''237''' * 4.1 The Altering of Consciousness into the Dual Aspects237 * The Term ''Shibianyi'' in the ''Shelun''238 * The Term ''Shibianyi'' in the ''Viṃśatikā''240 * The Term ''Shibianyi'' in the ''Triṃśikā''242 * What Does the Consciousness Alter into?244 * The Term ''Shibianyi'' in T2805 246 * 4.2 The Compound "Mind-thinking-consciousnesses" (''xinyishi''247 * 4.3 The Notion of "Disclosing Cause"253 * 4.4 The Nirvana of Non-abiding259 * 4.5 Whether One Realizes the Dharma-body at the First Bodhisattva-stage261 * Paramârtha: Dharma-body Includes Both Thusness and the "Cognition" of Thusness264 * T2805: The Dharma-body is Attained at the First Bodhisattva-stage267 * 4.6 Accomplishing Self-benefits Alone at the First Bodhisattva-stage269 * 4.7 The Cognition of "Representation-only" is the Substance of Pure land272 * 4.8 The Enjoyment-body of the Buddha275 * Making Sense of the Mysterious Passage of the ''Shelun''281 * The Dharma-body as Unconditioned and the Enjoyment-body as Conditioned284 * The Agreement between Paramârtha and Kuiji286 * 4.9 Conclusion288 * '''Chapter 5. Two ''Shelun'' Lineages and How the ''Awakening of Faith'' Came to be Attributed to Paramârtha?''''''289''' * 5.1 Where and When did the Dispute regarding ''Jiexing'' Take Place289 * The Disputes regarding ''Jiexing'' Is Located in Chang'an around 590 CE289 * 5.2 Testimonies about the Two ''Shelun'' Masters291 * (A) Testimony from Jizang (1): Whether the Permeation of Hearing Ceases292 * The Permeation of Hearing Ceases: Agreeing with the ''Awakening of Faith''294 * The Permeation of Hearing Does not Cease: Agreeing with T2805296 * (B) Testimony from Jizang (2): regarding the Eighth and the Ninth Consciousnesses298 * Eighth Consciousness [equals] Defiled; Ninth Consciousness [equals] Undefiled299 * The "Exclusive Model" of the Ninth Consciousness301 * Eighth Consciousness [equals] Both Defiled and Undefiled302 * The "Inclusive Model" of the Ninth Consciousness303 * (C) Testimony from Huij: regarding the Buddha-''gotra''307 * All Three Buddha-''gotras'' Are "Direct Cause" to Buddhahood310 * The Innate Buddha-''gotra'' Alone Is the "Direct Cause" to Buddhahood312 * 5.3 The ''Shelun''-T2S05 Lineage vs. the ''Shelun-Awakening of Faith'' Lineage317 * A Brief Review of the Spread of Paramârtha's Legacy317 * Tanqian: the Major Figure of the ''Shelun-Awakening of Faith'' Lineage320 * Daoni as the Most Probable Author of T2805324 * An Explanation of Why Daoni and Tanqian Had Different Views327 * The Prosperity of the ''Shelun-Awakening of Faith'' Lineage329 * The Premature Demise of the ''Shelun''-T2805 Lineage331 * Possible Causes Leading to the Demise of Daoni's Lineage333 * Challenges and an Apology for Tanqian336 * 5.4 A Significant Implication: The ''Awakening of Faith'' was not connected with Paramârtha340 * A Brief Review of Kashiwagi's Claim for the Indian Provenance of the ''Awakening of Faith''340 * 5.5 A Note to the Debates between the ''Dilun'' and the ''Shelun'' Schools341 * 5.6 Conclusion345 * '''Chapter 6. So, What Might ''Jiexing'' Be?''''''348''' * 6.1 Clues from Paramârtha's ''Shelun''349 * 6.2 Clues from T2805358 * "Wisdom Attained through Hearing and Reflecting" and "Wisdom Attained through Cultivating"360 * T2805 ''Jiexing'' Passage (2)363 * The Birth of ''Jiexing''?365 * The Birth of ''Jiexing'' as a "Contributory Cause"?367 * 6.3 Is It Legitimate to Find Clues for ''Jiexing'' from Xuanzang's translations?369 * 6.4 ''CWSL'': ''Jiexing'' [equals] Uncontaminated Seeds?371 * ''Jiexing'' [does not equal] "Uncontaminated seeds"375 * 6.5 ''CWSL'': ''Jiexing'' Referring to ''"Gotra"''?376 * 6.6 ''FDJL'': ''Jiexing'' [equals] lnnate ''Gotra''?380 * Innate ''Gotra'' and the Non-discriminating Cognition382 * Four Wisdoms vs. the Non-discriminating Cognition?384 * ''Jiexing'' as a "Contributory Cause"?385 * 6.7 Checking Back with Paramârtha's ''FXL''386 * ''Jiexing''—"Brought-out ''Gotra''"?391 * ''Jiexing'': Meant to Resolve the Problem with the ''Gotra''-theory in the ''FXL''393 * 6.8 ''Jiexing'' as the Contributory Cause395 * 6.9 A Note about ''"Jie"'' in ''Jiexing''398 * 6.10 Conclusion: What ''Jiexing'' Is399 * '''Chapter 7. Does Paramârtha still Subscribe to Tathāgatagarbha Thought?''''''401''' * 7.1 Vasubandhu's Use of the Term "Tathāgatagarbha"401 * 7.2 Vasubandhu: Dharma-body Is Thusness404 * (A) Vasubandhu: Thusness as the Self-nature (''svabhāva'') of all Buddhas407 * (B) Vasubandhu: the Dharma-body [equals] the Dharma-realm ([equals] Thusness)407 * (C) Vasubandhu: Thusness is the Body of Tathāgatas408 * (D) Vasubandhu: Dharma-body as the "Disclosure of Thusness"408 * (D.l) Thusness Discloses Itself to Be the Buddhas409 * (D.2) Buddhahood is Disclosed through Thusness409 * (D.3) All Buddhas are disclosure of Thusness410 * 7.3 Forerunners of the Identification between Dharma-body and Thusness412 * 7.4 Dharma-body and Thusness: Different only in Perspective414 * 7.5 Vasubandhu: the Tathāgatagarbhan Yogâcārin!418 * 7.6 Strong and Weak Senses of the Notion of "Tathāgatagarbha"422 * "Tathāgatagarbha" in the Strong Sense422 * "Tathagatagarbha" in the Weak Sense423 * 7.7 The "Buddha-''gotra'' of Principle" vs. the "Buddha-''gotra'' of Practice"424 * 7.8 Where does Paramârtha Stand in the Theory of Buddha-''gotra''?427 * Paramartha's ''FXL''428 * "Innate Buddha-''gotra''" vs. "Brought-out Buddha-''gotra''" in the ''FXL''430 * The Three Causes [for Buddhahood] in the ''FXL''432 * The Issue of lccantika434 * 7.9 ''FXL'' among the Post-Vasubandhu Yogâcāra Traditions435 * ''RGV''-''FXL'' in Contrast to Other Yogâcāra Texts436 * ''Gotra'' Theory in the Development of Yogâcāra439 * 7.10 Conclusion440 * '''8. Conclusion''''''441''' * 8.1 What Did I Achieve in This Dissertation?441 * 8.2 Back to the Three False Assumptions about Paramârtha442 * (1) The ''Awakening of Faith'' Was Connected with Paramârtha443 * (2) Paramârtha Stood Against Xuanzang446 * (3) Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha Are Two Distinct and Antagonistic Trends of Thought448 * 8.3 Some General Remarks about the Study of Paramârtha and the Sixth- Century Chinese Buddhism449 * (A) Chinese Buddhist Texts as Snapshots of Indian Buddhism450 * (B) Examining Chinese Texts First in the Chinese Context451 * (C) Sinification of Buddhism?454 * '''Bibliography''''''460'''

Z

Books/Zen Mind, Beginner's Mind +

** Preface, ''by'' Huston Smith9 ** Introduction, ''by'' Richard Baker13 ** Prologue: Beginner's Mind21 *PART I RIGHT PRACTICE ** Posture25 ** Breathing29 ** Control31 ** Mind Waves34 ** Mind Weeds36 ** The Marrow of Zen38 ** No Dualism41 ** Bowing43 ** Nothing Special46 *PART 2 RIGHT ATTITUDE ** Single-minded Way53 ** Repetition55 ** Zen and Excitement57 ** Right Effort59 ** No Trace62 ** God Giving65 ** Mistakes in Practice71 ** Limiting Your Activity75 ** Study Yourself76 ** To Polish a Tile80 ** Constancy83 ** Communication86 ** Negative and Positive90 ** Nirvana, the Waterfall92 *PART 3 RIGHT UNDERSTANDING ** Traditional Zen Spirit99 ** Transiency102 ** The Quality of Being104 ** Naturalness107 ** Emptiness110 ** Readiness, Mindfulness113 ** Believing in Nothing116 ** Attachment, Non-attachment118 ** Calmness121 ** Experience, Not Philosophy123 ** Original Buddhism12S ** Beyond Consciousness127 ** Buddha's Enlightenment131 ** Epilogue: Zen Mind133

Ā

Books/Ālayavijñāna: On the Origin and the Early Development of a Central Concept of Yogācāra Philosophy. Part 1: Text +

<center>Contents of Vol. I</center> * PrefaceVII ** 1. Introductory, programmatic and methodological remarks1 ** 2. First introduction and original meaning of ālayavijñāna15 ** 3. Development of ālayavijñāna to the basic constituent of a living being34 ** 4. Development of the negative aspects of ālayavijñāna66 ** 5. Ālayavijñāna as a veritable vijñāna85 ** 6. Evaluation of the other occurrences of ālayavijñāna in the Basic Section of the Yogācārabhūmi109 ** 7. Discussion of some divergent theories on the origin of ālayavijñāna144 ** 8. Supplement I: Reconsideration of some aspects of the methodology of exploring the history of early Yogācāra literature183 ** 9. Supplement II: Preliminary analysis of the Proof Portion194 ** 10. Supplement III: Mystical experience, elimination of ālayavijñāna and the question of vijñaptimātratā in the ālayavijñāna Treatise in the beginning of the Viniścayasaṃgrahaṇī197 ** 11. Supplement IV: Two remarks on the structure of the Nivṛtti Portion208 ** 12. Supplement V: Remark on two quotations from the Nagarasūtra214 ** Appendix I: The Sacittikā and Acittikā Bhūmiḥ of the Yogācārabhūmi220 ** Appendix II: Paramārthagāthās 28–41 and their Commentary223 +