Literally, a "holder of knowledge," ''vidyādharas'' are said to possess arcane and magical knowledge. Because such beings are able to assume different manifestations at their will, they are also said to be "deathless" or indestructible. Chökyi Dorje, of these namtar, is famed as one who, owing to his successful Mahāmudrā practice, attained to the state of "a deathless ''vidyādhara''." +
Skillful means. Insight (''prajñā'') in action. In tantric iconography, ''upāya'' is represented by the male deity. He is active compassion. His partner, the female deity consort, represents highest insight. Thus, the symbol of complete and perfected enlightenment is shown to be the perfect "union" of these two. +
Throughout these translations, this term is rendered "total integration." A common rendering is "union," as between any number of standard technical pairs, such as the "illusory body and the clear light"; but the sense is that the two no longer remain two separate entities. "Total integration" is the fifth and final division of "Completion Stage" practice. Yogically, its practice involves continued mastery in forcing the consciousness-bearing "energy winds" (''prāṇa'') into the central channel (''avadhūti'') of the arcane body generated by the practicing adept. Its accomplishment is the simultaneous experience of bliss and voidness. +
In ordinary speech, this term means "basker," "carrier," or "receptacle." It sometimes also refers to the human body. In the namtar of Chökyi Dorje, however, the term is used in a mystic sense. Here it is but a prop, a form taken on by the ''siddha'' so that he might teach others. Having achieved the "rainbow body" through his practice of Mahāmudrā, he merely assumes the appearance of having a physical body so that he can communicate the teachings. +
The special vows of commitment, especially those in tantric practice between a guru and disciple. The most important ''samaya'' is maintaining a proper attitude towards one's root guru. +
Insight of the highest order, especially that which cognizes the true meaning of voidness (''śūnyatā''). It is defined as being of three types: that insight gained by "hearing" the Doctrine (Skt. ''śrūta-mayi-prajñā''), that gained by "pondering and reflecting" upon it (''cinta-mayi- prajñā''), and that gained through "cultivating meditation" upon it (''bhāvanā-mayi-prajñā''). The last practice engenders the culminating achievement, since it leads to direct realization of the teachings and, thereby, to complete liberation. +
The term ''yoga'' is derived from the Sanskrit root, ''yuj'', "to join together." Thus, it generally refers to practices-both physical and mental- aimed at bringing about a state of holistic integration. +
Literally, "higher seeing" or "higher vision." The term refers to that stage of meditative achievement wherein clear discriminative attention is brought to bear on a given object of meditation. The stage of "higher seeing" follows that of "calm abiding" and so represents a type of "discerning" that is of a higher order. +
Vows, especially the three "sets" of vows: monastic discipline [''pratimokḶa'' vows], the Mahāyāna's "Thought of Enlightenment" [''bodhicitta'' vows], and tantric practice [''vajrayāna'' vows] . +
The Sanskrit term saṅgha literally means "an assemblage" [here, of religious practitioners]. It refers primarily to the monks and nuns forming the Buddhist clergy. In Tibetan the term ''dge 'dun'' is composed of two elements: '''dun'', meaning "having the desire for" and ''dge'', or "virtue." Thus, the Tibetan compound term designates "an assemblage of beings who seek virtue and emancipation." +
The term is generally used to mean "the thought of enlightenment." Here, it is also employed in its tantric sense ro refer to the "white drops" (''Tib. thig le; Skt. bindu'') generated and manipulated in the arcane body by a tantric adept. +
Literally, the "realm of [all] ''dharmas''," this term is used to characterize the totality of existents. It is also used as an epithet for ultimate existence. +