Surmang Tentrul;surmang tentrul;learned and accomplished master at Surmang Namgyal Tse;later gave most of the ''New Treasures'' to the sixteenth Karmapa. +
Mingyur Dorje;mingyur dorje;the tulku of Yongey Mingyur Dorje;he was a disciple of Chokgyur Lingpa and though being a tulku himself was the tertön's servant. +
Paltrul Rinpoche;paltrul rinpoche;(1808-1887) — one of the foremost masters of his time known not only for his scholarship and learning but also for his example of renunciation and compassion. His most famous works include ''Words of my Perfect Teacher (Kunsang Lamey Shellung)'' and his commentary on ''Three Words Striking the Vital Point (Tsiksum Nedek)'', the quintessence of the Dzogchen teachings. +
eight classes of spirits;eight classes of spirits;the sutras mention: devas, nagas, yakshas, gandharvas, asuras, garudas, kinnaras, and mahoragas. All of them were able to receive and practice the teachings of the Buddha. These eight classes can also refer to various types of mundane spirits who can cause either help or harm, but remain invisible to normal human beings: ''ging, mara, tsen, yaksha, raksha, mamo, rahula'', and ''naga''. On a subtle level, they are regarded as the impure manifestation of the eight types of consciousness. +
Single Child of the Buddhas;single child of the buddhas;Sangye Seychig;sangye seychig;primordial tantra that give liberation through hearing, touching, or tasting. +
(1842-1924) — Drodul Pawo Dorje;one of the great Dzogchen masters of the early part of the twentieth Century, a tertön and a disciple both of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo and Paltrul Rinpoche. +
Tsurphu monastery;tsurphu monastery;(pronounced ''tsur-pu''), monastic seat of the Karmapa incarnations in Central Tibet, situated in 65 km west of Lhasa. +