lit. the ground-of-all, universal ground. According to the Chittamatra school, this is the fundamental level of the mind, in which karmic imprints are stored. +
A technical term in Buddhist logic, used to refer to objects of the conceptual mental consciousness that identifies and names things. It refers to sense objects as apprehended by this consciousness, but also to objects wrongly assumed to exist (e.g., the self). +
(280-360 C.E.). The only Buddhist master to enjoy equal prestige as an exponent of the Hinayana and the Mahayana. During his Sarvastivadin phase he composed the ''Abhidharmakosha-bhasya'', which is the most systematic and complete exposition of the Abhidharma and is one of the summits of Hinayana scholarship. Later in life, through his own inner development and under the influence of his elder brother Asanga, Vasubandhu adopted the Mahayana Yogachara view and composed many works of which the ''Trimsikavijnapti-karika (Thirty Stanzas on the Mind)'' is the most outstanding. +
One of the four systems of Buddhist tenets. Together with the Vaibhashika school, the Sautrantika is considered as belonging to the Hinayana. The Sautrantikas are divided into two subgroups: the Sautrantikas following scripture (''lung gi rjes 'brang'') and the Sautrantikas following reasoning (''rigs kyi rjes 'brang''). The former group is quite close in outlook to the Vaibhashikas; the latter is particularly associated with Dharmakirti and is remarkable for its elaborate epistemology and logic. It is widely studied and utilized in Tibetan Buddhism. +
(flourished in the first half of the eighth century C.E.) A member of Nalanda University and the celebrated author of the ''Bodhicharyavatara'', He upheld the view of the Prasangika Madhyamika in the tradition of Chandrakirti. +
The term is used to refer to the accomplishment of different kinds of unfailing memory. It is also a verbal formula, often quite long, blessed by a Buddha or a Bodhisattva, belonging to the sutra tradition and similar to the mantras of the Vajrayana. +
These are: (1) the knowledge and ability to perform wonders; (2) the knowledge of births and deaths of all beings; (3) the ability to hear all sounds throughout the three-thousandfold universe; (4) the knowledge of one's own and others' past lives; and (5) the knowledge of the minds of others. +
sense fields. The six inner ayatanas refer exclusively to the sense organs (the mind being the sixth); the twelve ayatanas comprise these six plus their outer corresponding objects. (The outer and inner ayatana of the mind is the mental sense organ and mental objects. In this case, the mental organ is the immediately preceding moment of consciousness.) From the interaction of the six sense organs and their six objects, the six consciousnesses are engendered. +
The ultimate nature of the mind and the true status of all phenomena, the state beyond all conceptual constructs which can be seen only by the primordial wisdom in a nondual manner. This is the so-called ultimate truth in itself (''rnam grangs ma yin pa'i don dam''). The Svatantrika Madhyamikas speak also of the approximate ultimate truth (''rnam grangs pa'i don dam''), which is the conceptual assessment of and an approach to the ultimate truth in itself. The approximate ultimate truth is a mental image posited in contrast with conventional truth. +
Spiritual qualities (e.g., the realization of the five kinds of enlightened vision) that shine forth in proportion as the emotional and cognitive veils are removed from the mind's nature. +
A general term for the traditions of Indian philosophy that assert the existence of the self, or atman-that is, the orthodox schools of Hinduism. It is opposed by the ''nairatmyavada'' (in other words, Buddhadharma), which denies the atman. +