Property:Gloss-def
From Buddha-Nature
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Also called Yogachara, this philosophical school of the Mahayana asserts the self-cognizing mind as the ultimate reality and identifies emptiness as the absence of the subject-object dualism that overspreads and obscures the underlying pure consciousness. Although this school is usually traced back to Asanga and his brother Vasubandhu (fourth century C.E.), who base themselves on the scriptures of the third turning of the Dharma wheel, such as the "Sandhinirmochana-sutra", the Chittamatra, as a tenet system, is more accurately associated with the sixthcentury master Dharmapala. +
Translated also as boundless thoughts, they are four highly virtuous states of mind, regarded as immeasurable because they focus on all beings without exception and are productive of boundless merits. They are: love, compassion, sympathetic joy, and impartiality. +
Name of an ancient Indian philosophical school professing materialistic nihilism. The Charvakas denied causality, the law of karma, and the existence of past and future lives. +
A term coined by the Sautrantika-Svatantrikas to refer to phenomena considered as conventionally existent by virtue of their defining properties and functional efficiency. +
A negation in which the possibility of another (positive) value is implied. For example, in the statement "It isn't a cat that is on the roof," the presence of a cat is denied, but in such a way as to suggest that there might be something else. Compare this with the statement "There is nothing on the roof" This is a nonaffirming negative (''med dgag''), which negates without implying anything else. +
A term used in Buddhist logic and epistemology. Literally, the Tibetan word ''ldog pa'' means "reverse." An isolate of an object (sometimes also called "distinguisher") is defined as "that which is the reverse of what is not that object." In other words, it is the equivalent of a given object in purely conceptual terms. There are different kinds of isolates, and, generally speaking, they are used in Buddhist logic to explain the possibility of predication in the absence of universals, the reality of which, on the whole, is denied, in Buddhism. +
This term has different meanings. In the Hinayana context, it refers to the cessation of afflictive emotion brought about by wisdom. The cessation itself is the "small nirvana" of the Shravakas and the Pratyekabuddhas. +
Subdivision of the Sammitiya school, the distinctive tenet of which was the assertion of a quasi-permanent self, neither different from nor identical with the five aggregates. It was for this reason universally attacked by other Buddhist schools. +
the followers of Sammita. This Hinayana group (of which no original writings have survived) seems to have been large and, to judge by the Tibetan name ("honored by many"), prestigious. It is divided into three subgroups or lineages: (1) Kaurukullaka (''sa sgron ril gnas pa'i sde''); (2) Avantava (''rung ba pa'i sde''); and (3) Vatsiputriya (''gnas ma bu ba'i sde''). +
One of the oldest and most important systems of the Indian philosophy, of which Kapila was the first exponent. It is a rationalistic interpretation of the Upanishads and posits two fundamental principles of matter (prakriti) and of mind (purusha), both of which are regarded as ultimately real. +
A master of the Chittamatra tradition and disciple of Dignaga, whom he followed as the abbot of Nalanda. He was a brilliant scholar and logician and was one of the teachers of Dharmakirti. He composed commentaries on the works ofVasubandhu and also on Aryadeva's ''Four Hundred'', which have been preserved in Chinese translation. +
A system of thirty-seven factors practiced on the paths of accumulation, joining, seeing, and meditation, by means of which progress is made toward enlightenment. +
(1429-1489). A major scholar of the Sakya school and one of the most important commentators of the writings of Sakya Pandita. His works greatly contributed to the final shaping of the Sakya system in the domain of logic and ,epistemology and clearly defined the philosophical differences separating the Sakya and Gelug schools. +
'Precious One'; commonly refers to a reincarnate lama. +
traditionally used to describe a spiritually evolved being, but commonly applied to monks in general. +
the inhabitants of an underground kingdom often associated with serpents. Their Tibetan name is 'lu'. +
a tiny vegetable-like a sweet-potato, found in abundance under the ground in Tibet. It is one of the main ingredients of an auspicious chemar. +
district magistrate +
a tribe of nomads. +
