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pā bkwa brgyad;པ་བཀྭ་བརྒྱད་;eight bagua;eight bagua;The trigrams of the ''Classic of Changes'': ''qian'' (heaven), ''kun'' (earth), ''zhen'' (thunder), ''xun'' (wind), ''kan'' (water), ''li'' (fire), ''gen'' (mountain), and ''dui'' (valley). +
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khor lo;ཁོར་ལོ་;cakra;In tantric theory, one of a number of “wheels” at the intersection of important channels in the ''subtle body''. The càkras are important for understanding human physiology and meditative praxis, and are replete with symbolic significance. The most commonly mentioned are those at the sexual organ, navel, heart, throat, forehead, and crown. +
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grub mtha bzhi;གྲུབ་མཐ་བཞི་;four philosophical systems;four philosophical systems;Vaibhāṣika, Sautrāntika, Cittamātra, and Madhyamaka. +
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gsang sngags theg pa;གསང་སྔགས་ཐེག་པ་;secret-mantra vehicle;secret-mantra vehicle;guhyamantrayāna;In later Indian and in Tibetan categorizations, one of two traditions within ''Mahayana'', along with the ''perfection vehicle''. The secret-mantra vehicle (also called the tantra vehicle or the vajra vehicle) draws primarily from Mahayana tantras and their commentaries, and focuses on the identification of the practitioner with a ''buddha''-átity through a range of ritual and contemplative methods. +
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tshogs gnyis;ཚོགས་གཉིས་;two collections;two collections;The collections of merit and gnosis, which produce the form and dharma bodies of a buddha, respectively. +
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chos dbyings;ཆོས་དབྱིངས་;dharmadhātu;The “field,” “sphere,” “realm,” or ‘ element in which (metaphorically, at least) one who has attained the ultimate resides, as contrasted with the “element” connected to the sensory fields that comprise ''samsara''. The term sometimes is synonymous with ''emptiness'' or ''dharmakāya'', and also refers to a ''gnosis'' attained when one becomes a ''buddha''. +
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rang stong;རང་སྟོང་;intrinsic emptiness;intrinsic emptiness;svaśūnyatā;The view of ''emptiness'' most prominent in the Geluk tradition (but found in other traditions as well), which insists that all ''dharmas'' of both ''samsara'' and ''nirvana'' are empty in the same fashion, namely as intrinsically devoid of inherent existence. It is stated in contradistinction to the ''extrinsic emptiness'' view, in which nirvanic dharmas are seen to be empty in a different way than are samsaric dharmas. +
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bde gshegs snyingpo/degshegs snyingpo;བདེ་གཤེགས་སྙིངཔོ། དེགཤེགས་སྙིངཔོ་;buddha nature;buddha nature;tathāgatagarbha/sugatagarbha;The capacity for ''enlightenment'' inherent in all beings according to ''Mahayana'' Buddhism. Debates about the negative or positive characterization of buddha nature form the basis of the debate in Tibet between proponents of ''extrinsic emptiness'' and ''intrinsic emptiness''. +
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lung sems;ལུང་སེམས་;wind-mind;wind-mind;prāṇacitta;In tantric theory, the related physical and mental energies that course through the ''subtle body'' and are the true basis for what sentient beings are and become. In its subtlest form, the wind-mind is found in the indestructible drop at the heart ''cakra'';it is through transformation of the subtlest wind-mind through the practices of the ''completion stage'' that ''buddhahood'' is achieved. +
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sa ra ha'i snying skor gsum;ས་ར་ཧའི་སྙིང་སྐོར་གསུམ་;three essential works of Saraha;three essential works of saraha;''People Treasury of Dohas, Queen Treasury of Dohas'', and ''King Treasury of Dohas''. +
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mtshan nyid theg pa;མཚན་ཉིད་ཐེག་པ་;definition vehicle;definition vehicle;lakṣaṇayāna;In Mahayana discourse, an alternative name for the ''perfection vehicle'' or sutra vehicle. It sometimes is translated as “dialectical vehicle” or “philosophical vehicle. +
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rdzogs rim;རྫོགས་རིམ་;completion stage;completion stage;niṣpannakrama;In ''highest yoga tantra'', the second and final stage of practice, usually involving manipulation of energies in the ''subtle body'' and culminating in ''buddhahood''. Completion-stage practices arc divided in various ways, e.g., the five stages of the Ārya tradition of Guhyasamāja, the six yogas of the Kālacakra, the six Dharmas of Nāropa, etc. +
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mngon shes;མངོན་ཤེས་;supernormal powers;supernormal powers;abhijñā;Powers attained by advanced meditators: retrocognition, clairvoyance, clairaudience, telepathy, yogic achievements, and knowledge of the destruction of the corruptions, i.e., delusions. The first five can be gained through deep ''concentration'', and arc not specific to Buddhism； the last is unique to Buddhists and is attained only on the basis of ''superior insight'' into the nature of reality. +
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lam rim;ལམ་རིམ་;stages of the path;stages of the path;A gradual approach to the attainment of ''enlightenment'' (especially prominent among the Geluk) in which one develops progressively stronger motivation and understanding, moving from a narrowly focused desire for self-improvement to an altruistic aspiration to ''enlightenment'' for the sake of all beings, and from the acceptance of common Buddhist truths to the cultivation of the ''Mahayana'' perfections and, ultimately, the path of the ''secret-mantra vehicle''. +
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sa dag pa gsum;ས་དག་པ་གསུམ་;three pure stages;three pure stages;The eighth through tenth bodhisattva stages, on which one has fully abandoned all delusion obstacles but is separated from buddhahood by knowledge obstacles. +
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rgyu bzhi;རྒྱུ་བཞི་;four causes;four causes;Objective cause, immediate cause, cooperative cause, dominant cause. +
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'jig rten las ’das pa'i sde lnga;འཇིག་རྟེན་ལས་འདས་པའི་སྡེ་ལྔ་;five transworldly classes;five transworldly classes;Deities in the Nyingma tradition of eight transmitted precepts： Manjuśri/Yamāntaka, Hayagrīva, Heruka, Vajṛāmrta, and Vajrakila. +
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mnga' ris skor gsum;མངའ་རིས་སྐོར་གསུམ་;three districts of Ngari;three districts of ngari;Gugé, Purang, and Mangyul. +
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phung po lnga;ཕུང་པོ་ལྔ་;five aggregates;five aggregates;That which comprises the “person”： form, scnsations, perceptions, mental formations, and consciousness. +
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nyon mongs kyi sgrib;ཉོན་མོངས་ཀྱི་སྒྲིབ་;delusion obstacles;delusion obstacles;kleśãvaraṇa;According to ''Mahayana'' soteriology, the obstacles to liberation removed by both ''śrãvakas'' and bodhisattvas en route to liberation. ''Śrāvakas'' remove only delusion obstacles, whereas bodhisattvas subsequently remove ''knowledge obstacles'', which are the subtle traces of ''delusion'' that keep one from the full omniscience of a ''buddha''. +
