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dkyil ’khor;དཀྱིལ་འཁོར་;maṇḍala;mandala;mandala;In any tantric system, the abode of a ''buddha'' deity, which represents an enlightened transformation of our ordinary environment. Upon initiation into a particular tantric practice, the disciple is introduced to the mandala and its inhabitants, and in ''sādhana'' practice, he or she will visualize him or herself at the center of the mandala. +
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sdom gsum;སྡོམ་གསུམ་;three pledges;three pledges;See ''three vows'' +
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bskyed rim;བསྐྱེད་རིམ་;generation stage;generation stage;utpattikrama;In advanced tantric systems (e.g., mahāyoga or ''highest yoga tantra''), the phase of practice, preceding the climactic ''completion stage'', in which one “overcomes ordinary appearances” by visualizing oneself as a ''buddha''-deity at the center of a complex ''mandala'', identifying ones body, speech, and mind with that of a buddha. +
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dbu ma'i lugs gnyis;དབུ་མའི་ལུགས་གཉིས་;two Madhyamaka schools;two madhyamaka schools;Svātantrika and Prāsaṅgika. +
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snang gsum;སྣང་གསུམ་;three appearances;three appearances;In Sakya tradition： the appearance of phenomena as impure falsities, through which one develops renunciation;the appearance of experience in meditation, through which one develops the awakening mind of a bodhisattva;and pure appearance, through which, practicing secret mantra, one perfects one’s body, speech, and mind. +
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skyes bu gsum;སྐྱེས་བུ་གསུམ་;three persons;three persons;In Kadam and Geluk traditions, persons of: small scope (seeking higher rebirths), intermediate scope (seeking individual liberation), and great scope (seeking enlightenment for the sake of all beings). +
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snyan brgyud;སྙན་བརྒྱུད་;ear-whispered lineage;ear-whispered lineage;A confidential transmission in which special instructions have been handed down orally from guru to disciple. Ear-whispered lineages often preserve tantric traditions that have been transmitted outside of major institutional structures. Though primarily oral/ aural, they may eventually be written down. +
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rgyud bzhi;རྒྱུད་བཞི་;four tantras;four tantras;See ''four medical tantras'' +
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bden par yod pa/grub pa;བདེན་པར་ཡོད་པ། གྲུབ་པ་;true existence/establishment;true existence/establishment;A quality of ''dharmas'' that, if they possessed it, would define them as “true” in the sense of being permanent, partless, and independent. True existence (generally synonymous with ''inherent existence'') is an important object of refutation in ''Madhyamaka'' philosophy, and realization of ''dharmas' emptiness'' of true existence is the necessary condition for the elimination of ''delusions'' and the attainment of ''liberation''. +
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byang chub;བྱང་ཆུབ་;enlightenment;enlightenment;bodhi;More properly “awakening,” this is the goal of the Buddhist path, achieved by Śākyamuni Buddha under the bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya, and attainable by all sentient beings. In ''Hinayana'', it is the ''nirvana'' attained by an ''arhat'';in ''Mahayana'', it is ''buddhahood'', entailing omniscience, infinite compassion, and the power to manifest in countless ways to assist sentient beings. +
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rnam rtog;རྣམ་རྟོག་;concept/conceptual thought;concept/conceptual thought;vikalpa;The constructive mental activity that dominates the inner life of sentient beings and obstructs them from seeing things as they really are. Like ''elaboration'', it involves a process of ''superimposition'' on reality that must be eliminated before ''enlightenment'' can be attained. +
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mdo sde pa;མདོ་སྡེ་པ་;Sautrāntika;According to Tibetan traditions, one of the two major ''Hinayana'' philosophical schools. Ontologically, Sautrāntikas subscribe to a doctrine of radical momentariness and accept some ''dharmas'' as real and others as conceptual;epistemologically, they assert a representational realism. Vasubandhu s ''Autocommentary on the Treasury of Higher Knowledge'' reflects Sautrāntika views, as do some of the writings of Dignāga and Dharmakīrti. +
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ma rgyud;མ་རྒྱུད་;mother tantra;mother tantra;In the four-''tantra'' scheme recognized by most Tibetan ''new translation schools'', one of two major types of tantra in the ''highest yoga tantra'' class. Mother tantras (also known as wisdom or yogin* tantras) are said particularly to stress development of the ''clear-light'' wisdom that is inseparable from great bliss. The primary mother-tantra practices are the Hevajra, Cakrasamvara, and Kālacakra, with Vajrayoginl and Vajravārāhī having great importance, too. +
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mi 'jigs pa bzhi;མི་འཇིགས་པ་བཞི་;four fearlessnesses;four fearlessnesses;A buddhas fearlessness regarding: knowledge of all things, knowledge of the cessation of all affliction, the declaration that path obstructions do not recur, and the fact that the path of renunciation has been realized. +
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bden pa gnyis;བདེན་པ་གཉིས་;two truths;two truths;Ultimate and conventional +
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phyag rgya chen po;ཕྱག་རྒྱ་ཆེན་པོ་;Mahāmudrā;Originally part of a system of three or four tantric seals, the “great seal” is synonymous with ''inter alia, buddhahood, buddha nature'', and the ''emptiness'' that “seals” all ''dharmas''. Among the Kagyüpa (and Gclukpa) in Tibet, it also refers to a system of meditation, with both ''sutra'' and ''tantra'' versions, in which one meditates on the true nature of the mind. +
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rig 'dzin;རིག་འཛིན་;tantric master;tantric master;vidyādhara;Literally, a “knowledge holder” or “spdl possessor. In India, the term has connotations of “wizard” or “sorcerer,” while in Tibet it generally refers to a ''secret-mantra vehicle'' practitioner of great proficiency, somewhat akin to an ''adept''. +
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bar do;བར་དོ་;antarabhāva;bardo;bardo;Broadly speaking, any interval, but used most commonly to refer to the period, no longer than forty-nine days, that occurs between death and a subsequent rebirth. During this period, mourning rituals are conducted, and the ''liberation'' of the mind still may be effected. +
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phyi dar;ཕྱི་དར་;later spread of the teaching;later spread of the teaching;In traditional Tibetan historiography, the period from approximately 950 to 1300, during which Buddhist institutions and practices were revived in Tibet after the chaos ensuing from the collapse of the empire around 850. Many new Indian Buddhists texts were introduced and new translations undertaken. Traditions traced to the later spread include the Kadam, Kagyü, Sakya, Shijé, and Geluk. +
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bar do drug;བར་དོ་དྲུག་;six bardos;six bardos;This life, the stages of dying, the dharmadhātu, becoming" one’s next rebirth, dreaming, and meditative absorption. +
