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shing rta'i srol chen po gnyis;ཤིང་རྟའི་སྲོལ་ཆེན་པོ་གཉིས་;two great chariot-paths;two great chariot-paths;Madhyamaka and Cittamātra. +
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spros pa;སྤྲོས་པ་;elaboration;elaboration;prapañca;Mental activity that is prone to discursiveness, complication, and fantasy. Useful in everyday life, elaboration, like ''conceptual thought'', is an impediment to the direct realization of ''emptiness'' and so must be overcome on the path to ''liberation''. +
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sku mched gsum;སྐུ་མཆེད་གསུམ་;three brothers;three brothers;In Kadam tradition： Geshé Potowa, Geshé Chengawa, and Geshé Puchungwa. +
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bka’ ma;བཀའ་མ་;oral tradition;oral tradition;In Nyingma, one of the three major lineages, with the treasure and ''pure vision'' lineages. It consists of the triad of sutra, magical net, and mind class: the ''Sutra that Gathers Intentions'', the ''Net of Illusion'', and the mind-side teachings. +
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rgyud bzhi;རྒྱུད་བཞི་;four medical tantras;four medical tantras;These are the Root Tantra (''Rtsa bai rgyud''), ''Explanatory Tantra'' (''Bshad rgyud''), ''Tantra of Special Instruction'' (''Man ngag gi rgyud''), and the ''Supplementary Tantra'' (''Phyi mai rgyud''). +
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yan lag brgyad pa'i khrims;ཡན་ལག་བརྒྱད་པའི་ཁྲིམས་;eight-limbed rule;eight-limbed rule;Abstention for twenty-four hours from killing, stealing, lying, sexual activity, intoxicants, eating after noon, sitting on high beds or thrones, and singing, dancing, or enjoying theatrical shows. +
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mdo;མདོ་;sūtra;sutra;sutra;A discourse of the Buddha, contained in the canonical collection of either a ''Hinayana'' or ''Mahayana'' school. There is significant disagreement between Hinayana and Mahayana schools over which sutras were actually taught by the Buddha, with the former having a narrower, and the latter a more expansive, understanding of “what the Buddha taught.” +
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lha bzhi;ལྷ་བཞི་;four deities;four deities;In Kadam： Śākyamuni Buddha, Avalokiteśvara, Tārā, Acala. +
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dbu ma rang rgyud kyi lugs gnyis;དབུ་མ་རང་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་ལུགས་གཉིས་;two types of Svātantrika Mādhyamikas;two types of svātantrika mādhyamikas;Sautrāntika Svātantrikas and Yogācāra Svātantrikas. +
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shes sgrib;ཤེས་སྒྲིབ་;knowledge obstacles;knowledge obstacles;jñeyāvarana;In ''Mahayana'' soteriology, the obstacles to complete buddhahood that are removed by ''bodhisattvas'' on the final three stages of the ten-stage sequence. Knowledge obstacles are not ''delusions'' per se, but the subtle propensity to them that remains even when delusions have been removed. When the last knowledge obstacle is removed on the tenth bodhisattva stage, one is enlightened in the next instant. +
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yi dam;ཡི་དམ་;meditational deity;meditational deity;iṣṭadevatā;In Buddhist ''tantra'', the “chosen deity” who becomes the principal focus of ones meditation practice. The meditational deity may be chosen by the practitioner or the practitioner chosen by the deity;in most cases, one must receive confirmation from ones guru that the deity is the one with which one has a true affinity. +
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ye shes;ཡེ་ཤེས་;gnosis;gnosis;jñāna;In contrast to wisdom (''prajñā'', ''shes rab''), which may be either worldly or transmundane, gnosis usually connotes a realization of the nature of things that is profound and liberating. The “accumulation” of gnosis on the ''bodhisattva'' path eventuates in the attainment of a ''buddhas dharmakāya''. +
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chos;ཆོས་;dharma/Dharma;dharma/dharma;A multivalent term in Indic religions more generally and Buddhism in particular. In English orthography, Dharma (capitalized) refers to the entirety of the Buddhas teachings or to a particular teaching or set of teachings (e.g., the six Dharmas of Nāropa), while dharma (not capitalized) denotes the basic constituents of reality as described by the Buddha and categorized in the texts of the ''abhidharma'' tradition. +
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ri lnga;རི་ལྔ་;five sacred peaks;five sacred peaks;In China: Wu Tai Shan in the east, Hua Shan in the west, Nan Heng Shan in the south, Bei Heng Shan in the north； and Song Shan in the center. +
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ltung byed rtsa bzhi;ལྟུང་བྱེད་རྩ་བཞི་;four basic transgressions;four basic transgressions;Violations of monastic conduct that result in immediate expulsion: killing a human being, stealing from the Three Jewels, lying about one’s attainments, and engaging in sexual intercourse. +
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'jog sgom;འཇོག་སྒོམ་;placement meditation;placement meditation;With ''analytical meditation'', one of the two basic types of meditation recognized in Buddhism. Placement meditation usually involves focus on a single object;when seriously practiced, it leads to states of ''tranquil abiding, meditative absorption, meditative equipoise'', and ''concentration''. Though a necessary condition for attaining ''enlightenment'', it is riot sufficient on its own and must be combined with analytical meditation. +
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dge sbyonggi chos bzhi;དགེ་སྦྱོངགི་ཆོས་བཞི་;four trainings or a recluse;four trainings or a recluse;Not to hate others despite being the object of their hatred, not to retaliate in anger even when angry, not to injure others even when injured, and not to beat others even when one is beaten by them. +
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theg pa dgu;ཐེག་པ་དགུ་;nine vehicles;nine vehicles;In Bön the shen of prediction, the shen of appearance, the shen of magic, the shen of existence, the vehicle of the layperson, the vehicle of the white ''a'', the vehicle of the seer, the vehicle of the primordial shen, and the especially great vehicle. +
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sa sde lnga;ས་སྡེ་ལྔ་;five treatises on the stages;five treatises on the stages;''Asaṅgas Stages of Yogic Practice, Compendium of Bases, Compendium of Ascertainments, Compendium of Enumerations, and Compendium of Explanations''. +
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dge bshes;དགེ་བཤེས་;kalyāṇamitra;geshé;geshé;Generally speaking, a “virtuous friend” who assists one on the spiritual path. The Tibetan term is used most commonly to refer to great masters of the Kadam tradition and, since the seventeenth century, to Geluk monks with a high level of scholastic achievement. +
