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khor ba;ཁོར་བ་;saṃsāra;samsara;samsara;The general term for the worlds inhabited by sentient beings. It is marked by suffering, impermanence, and absence of self, and entails for those beings repeated rebirth in one or another unsatisfactory realm due to the force of ''delusions'' and ''karma''. +
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thar pa'i sgo gsum;ཐར་པའི་སྒོ་གསུམ་;three doors of liberation;three doors of liberation;Signlessness, wishlessness, and emptiness. +
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grub thob brgyad bcu rtsa bzhi;གྲུབ་ཐོབ་བརྒྱད་བཅུ་རྩ་བཞི་;eighty-four great adepts;eighty-four great adepts;Aciṅta, Ajogi, Anaṅga, Āryadeva, Babhaha, Bhadrapa, Bhandepa, Bhiksanapa, Bhusuku (Śāntideva), Cāmāripa, Campaka, Carbaripa, Catrapa, Caurańgipa, Celukapa, Dārikapa, Ḍeńgipa, Dhahulipa, Dharmapa, Dhilipa, Dhobīpa, Dhokaripa, Ḍombipa, Dukhandhi, Ghaṇṭāpa, Gharbari, Godhuripa, Gorakhnāth, Indrabhūti, Jālandhara, Jayānanda, Jogipa, Kālapa, Kambala, Kamparipa, Kanakhalā, Kāṇhapa, Kaṅkaṇa, Kaṅkaripa, Kantalipa, Kapālapa (Àryadeva), Khadgapa, Kilakilapa, Kirapālapa, Kokilipa, Kotalipa, Kucipa, Kukkuripa, Kumbharipa, Lakṣmīṅkarā, Līlapa, Lucikapa, Lūipa, Mahipa, Maṇibhadrā, Medhini, Mekhalā, Mekopa, Mīnapa, Nāgabodhi, Nāgārjuna, Nalinapa, Nāropa, Nirguṇapa, Pacaripa, Pańkajapa, Putalipa, Rāhula, Ratnākaraśānti (Śāntipa), Samudra, Saraha, Saroruha, Sarvabhakṣa, Śavaripa, Śyalipa, Taṅtepa, Tantipa, Thaganapa, Tilopa, UdKilipa, Upanaha, Viṇāpa, Virūpa, Vyālipa. +
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brgyad ldan gyi man ngag;བརྒྱད་ལྡན་གྱི་མན་ངག་;eightfold special instruction;eightfold special instruction;In Geluk: Tsongkhapa's ''Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path, Small Treatise on the Stages of the Path'', and ''Song of Experience Related to the Stages of the Path'';the Third Dalai Lama’s ''Essence of Refined Gold'' (a commentary on the preceding), the Fifth Dalai Lamas ''Sacred Words of Mañjuśrī'' (a commentary on the preceding), the First Panchen Lama Losang Chökyi Gyaltsens ''Path to Bliss'', the Third Panchen Palden Yeshé's ''Swift Path'' (a commentary on the preceding), and Dakpo Ngawang Drakpas ''Essence of Well-Spoken Advice''. +
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phar phyin theg pa;ཕར་ཕྱིན་ཐེག་པ་;perfection vehicle;perfection vehicle;pāramitāyāna;In later Indian and in Tibetan categorizations, one of two traditions within Mahayana, along with the ''secret-mantra vehicle''. The perfection vehicle (also called the ''sutra'' vehicle or the ''definition vehicle'') draws primarily from ''Mahayana'' sutras and their commentaries and focuses on the development of the six or ten perfections by a ''bodhisattva'' exclusive of tantric methods. +
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khrid chen brgyad;ཁྲིད་ཆེན་བརྒྱད་;eight great guidelines;eight great guidelines;In Kagyü: the guidelines on the lama as the three buddha bodies, the guidelines on love and compassion, the guidelines on cause and effect and dependent arising, the guidelines on the fivefold nectar drip, the guidelines on the yoga of the coemergent, the guidelines on the six Dharmas of Nāropa, the guidelines on equalizing the eight worldly dharmas, and the guidelines meditation to reverse ill fortune through secret conduct. +
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spong ba'i ’du byed brgyad;སྤོང་བའི་འདུ་བྱེད་བརྒྱད་;eight factors for abandoning obstacles;eight factors for abandoning obstacles;In tranquilabiding meditation faith, determination, perseverance, confidence (all of which counter laziness), mindfulness (which counters lack of mindfulness), introspection (which counters sinking and distraction), investigation (which counters further association with sinking and scattering), and equanimity (which counters unnecessary prolongation of countermeasures). +
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dul ba;དུལ་བ་;vinaya;vinaya;The branch of Buddhist discourse and the section of the Buddhist canon concerned with monastic discipline. In Tibetan tradition, the most influential vinaya text is the ''Vinaya Sutra'' of Vasumitra. +
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ltung bshags kyi sangs rgyas so lnga;ལྟུང་བཤགས་ཀྱི་སངས་རྒྱས་སོ་ལྔ་;thirty-five confession buddhas;thirty-five confession buddhas;Amoghadārśin, Anantaujas, Aśokaśrī, Bhadraṛṣi, Brahman, Brahmadatta, Brahmajyotis, Candanaśrī, Dhānaśri, Indraketudhvaj a, Kusumaśrī, Nageśvarāja, Nārāyaṇa, Padmajyotis, Pariklrtitanāmaśrī, Prabhāsari, Ratnacandra, Ratnacandraprabhā, Ratnāgni, Ratnārcis, Ratnapadma, Śailendrarāja, Samantavabhāsa, Śākyamuni, Smṛtiśrī, Suradatta, Suvikranta, Vajragarbha, Varuṇa, Varuṇadeva, Vikranta, Vimala, Virānanda, Virasena, Yuddhajaya. +
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mkha 'gro ma;མཁ་འགྲོ་མ་;ḍākinī;ḍākinī;In advanced tantric traditions, a female figure who assists a practitioner in deepening meditative realization. As with their male counterparts, ḍākas, there are both worldly and transmundane ḍākinīs. Ḍākinīs may manifest as embodied human beings or in subtler forms, and they may appear alluring or wrathful. In consonance with Buddhist gender symbolism, they signify ''gnosis'', or transcendental wisdom. +
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ltar snang gsum;ལྟར་སྣང་གསུམ་;three fallacies of a logical reason;three fallacies of a logical reason;When a reason is uncertain (where the presence of the predicate in subject is debatable), inconclusive (where the reasons positive or negative pervasion of the predicate is not determined), or contradictory (where the reason and the predicate are opposites). +
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pha rol tu phyin pa drug;ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་དྲུག་;six perfections;six perfections;In Mahayana: generosity, morality, patience, diligence, mental absorption, and wisdom. +
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bod kyi chol kha gsum;བོད་ཀྱི་ཆོལ་ཁ་གསུམ་;three provinces of Tibet;three provinces of tibet;Ü-Tsang, Amdo, and Kham. +
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rtsa Itung bcu bzhi;རྩ་ལྟུང་བཅུ་བཞི་;fourteen root downfalls;fourteen root downfalls;In tantric practice： scorning or deriding the guru, transgressing the words of a buddha, criticizing vajra brothers or sisters because of anger, giving up love for sentient beings, giving up the awakening mind, criticizing our own or others’ philosophical systems, revealing teachings to those who are unready, reviling or abusing our aggregates, denying emptiness, abetting malevolenr people, not meditating on emptiness continually, discouraging the faithful, not properly utilizing the substances for tantric practice, deriding women. +
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bla na med pa'i rgyud kyi rim gnyis;བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་གཉིས་;two stages of highest yoga tantra;two stages of highest yoga tantra;Generation stage and completion stage. +
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ring lugs lnga;རིང་ལུགས་ལྔ་;five virtues;five virtues;In Confucian tradition：ren (humaneness), ''yi'' (righteousness), ''li'' (propriety), ''zhi'' (wisdom), and ''xin'' (trustworthiness). +
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rgyud sde 'og ma gsum;རྒྱུད་སྡེ་འོག་མ་གསུམ་;three lower tantra classes;three lower tantra classes;In the four-tantra scheme accepted by new translation schools, the action, performance, and yoga tantras. +
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’byed gnyis;འབྱེད་གཉིས་;two distinguishings;two distinguishings;''Distinguishing the Middle from the Extremes and Distinguishing Dharmas from the Dharma Realm'', both attributed by Tibetan tradition to Maitreya. +
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sgrub pa gsum;སྒྲུབ་པ་གསུམ་;three types of practitioners;three types of practitioners;In Dzokchen: gradualist, simultaneist, and transcender. +
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snyigs ma lnga;སྙིགས་མ་ལྔ་;five impurities;five impurities;Short lifespan, false view, domination by the delusions, and the impurities of beings, and the age they live in. Alternatively, killing brahmans, taking intoxicants, theft, adultery with wives of ones elders, and association with those who commit any of the first four (sec Mittal, p. 35, note). +
