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ltar snang gsum;ལྟར་སྣང་གསུམ་;three fallacies of a logical reason;three fallacies of a logical reason;When a reason is uncertain (where the presence of the predicate in subject is debatable), inconclusive (where the reasons positive or negative pervasion of the predicate is not determined), or contradictory (where the reason and the predicate are opposites). +
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pha rol tu phyin pa drug;ཕ་རོལ་ཏུ་ཕྱིན་པ་དྲུག་;six perfections;six perfections;In Mahayana: generosity, morality, patience, diligence, mental absorption, and wisdom. +
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bod kyi chol kha gsum;བོད་ཀྱི་ཆོལ་ཁ་གསུམ་;three provinces of Tibet;three provinces of tibet;Ü-Tsang, Amdo, and Kham. +
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rtsa Itung bcu bzhi;རྩ་ལྟུང་བཅུ་བཞི་;fourteen root downfalls;fourteen root downfalls;In tantric practice： scorning or deriding the guru, transgressing the words of a buddha, criticizing vajra brothers or sisters because of anger, giving up love for sentient beings, giving up the awakening mind, criticizing our own or others’ philosophical systems, revealing teachings to those who are unready, reviling or abusing our aggregates, denying emptiness, abetting malevolenr people, not meditating on emptiness continually, discouraging the faithful, not properly utilizing the substances for tantric practice, deriding women. +
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bla na med pa'i rgyud kyi rim gnyis;བླ་ན་མེད་པའི་རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་རིམ་གཉིས་;two stages of highest yoga tantra;two stages of highest yoga tantra;Generation stage and completion stage. +
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ring lugs lnga;རིང་ལུགས་ལྔ་;five virtues;five virtues;In Confucian tradition：ren (humaneness), ''yi'' (righteousness), ''li'' (propriety), ''zhi'' (wisdom), and ''xin'' (trustworthiness). +
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rgyud sde 'og ma gsum;རྒྱུད་སྡེ་འོག་མ་གསུམ་;three lower tantra classes;three lower tantra classes;In the four-tantra scheme accepted by new translation schools, the action, performance, and yoga tantras. +
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’byed gnyis;འབྱེད་གཉིས་;two distinguishings;two distinguishings;''Distinguishing the Middle from the Extremes and Distinguishing Dharmas from the Dharma Realm'', both attributed by Tibetan tradition to Maitreya. +
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sgrub pa gsum;སྒྲུབ་པ་གསུམ་;three types of practitioners;three types of practitioners;In Dzokchen: gradualist, simultaneist, and transcender. +
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snyigs ma lnga;སྙིགས་མ་ལྔ་;five impurities;five impurities;Short lifespan, false view, domination by the delusions, and the impurities of beings, and the age they live in. Alternatively, killing brahmans, taking intoxicants, theft, adultery with wives of ones elders, and association with those who commit any of the first four (sec Mittal, p. 35, note). +
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ye shes lnga;ཡེ་ཤེས་ལྔ་;five gnoses;five gnoses;The mirror-like gnosis, the gnosis of equality, the discriminating gnosis, the all-accomplishing gnosis, and the gnosis of the dharmadhātu. +
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rten gsum;རྟེན་གསུམ་;three supports;three supports;Stupas, texts, and images, which symbolize the Buddhas body, speech, and mind, respectively. +
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stobs bzhi;སྟོབས་བཞི་;four opponent powers;four opponent powers;In confession practice: recognition of one s transgression, regret at its commission, a promise not to repeat, and purification, e.g., through visualization and mantra recitation or meditation on emptiness. +
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rten cing ’brel bar ’byung bai yan lag bcu gnyis;རྟེན་ཅིང་འབྲེལ་བར་འབྱུང་བའི་ཡན་ལག་བཅུ་གཉིས་;twelve links of dependent arising;twelve links of dependent arising;Ignorance, karmic formations, consciousness, name-and-form, six sense faculties, contact, feeling, craving, grasping, becoming, rebirth, and aging and death. +
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byangchub sems dpa;བྱངཆུབ་སེམས་དཔ་;bodhisattva;n any Buddhist tradition, a buddha to be. In ''Hinayana'' schools, ''buddhas'' are rare (though arhats are not), so bodhisattvas are the exception rather than the rule. According to most ''Mahayana'' schools, all beings will eventually become buddhas, so each of us must become a bodhisattva, motivated by compassion and the ''awakening mind'' to attain ''enlightenment'' for the sake of all beings. +
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'jig rten pa'i lha gsum;འཇིག་རྟེན་པའི་ལྷ་གསུམ་;three types of worldly gods;three types of worldly gods;Deities of the desire, form, and formless worlds. +
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nā ro'i chos drug;ན་རོའི་ཆོས་དྲུག་;six Dharmas of Nāropa;six dharmas of nāropa;Inner heat, illusory body, dream, clear light, transference of consciousness, and the bardo. +
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tshad ma,pramāṇa;ཚད་མ་;valid cognition;valid cognition;pramāṇa;In Indian and Tibetan philosophical systems, an authoritative source of knowledge. Buddhist schools generally accept only two types of valid cognition—perception and inference. The analysis of valid cognition promulgated by Dharmaklrti is a major topic of study in the Tibetan system of monastic education. +
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dpyad sgom;དཔྱད་སྒོམ་;analytical meditation;analytical meditation +
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dkar po gcig thub;དཀར་པོ་གཅིག་ཐུབ་;white simple;white simple;In Kagyü traditions of ''Mahāmudrā'' practice, the “single powerful” medicine, realization of the nature of mind or reality, that is all that is required to attain ''enlightenment''. The concept was utilized by Gampopa and Shang Tsalpa and criticized by Sakya Pandita. +
