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dbu ma thal gyur;དབུ་མ་ཐལ་གྱུར་;Prāsaṅgika Madhyamaka;According to Tibetan scholarly tradition, the school of ''Madhyamaka'' philosophy that (a) stresses the use of ''reductio ad absurdum'' (''prasaṅga'') rather than syllogistic reasoning in establishing ''emptiness'' as the nature of ''dharmas'' and (b) denies that dharmas possess inherent defining characteristics (''svalakṣaṇa'') even conventionally. The greatest Indian representative of the Prāsaṅgika is generally regarded to be Candrakīrti. +
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snga dar;སྔ་དར་;early spread of the teaching;early spread of the teaching;In traditional Tibetan historiography, the period from approximately 650 to 850, during which Buddhism, under the sponsorship of numerous Dharma kings, first began to take hold in Tibet. Crucial events of the early spread included the foundation (ca. 775) of the first monastery, Samyé, and the beginning of the process of translating Indian Buddhist texts into Tibetan. The Nyingma tradition traces its roots back to the early spread. +
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rig gnas chung ba lnga;རིག་གནས་ཆུང་བ་ལྔ་;five minor sciences;five minor sciences;Grammar, poetic theory, prosody, drama, and lexicography. +
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zhi byed sgron ma dgu;ཞི་བྱེད་སྒྲོན་མ་དགུ་;nine lamps of pacification;nine lamps of pacification;n Shijé: the ''Lamp of the Body Instruction, Lamp of the Speech Vehicle, Lamp of Secret Mind, Lamp of Pure View, Lamp of Precious Meditation, Lamp of Enlightened Conduct， Lamp of Basic Equanimity, Lamp of the Yoga Path, and Lamp of the Ultimate Result''. +
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gnas brtan pa'i gyes pa gsum;གནས་བརྟན་པའི་གྱེས་པ་གསུམ་;three Sthavira sects;three sthavira sects;Jai tavanlya, Abhayagirivāsīya, Mahāvihāravāslya. +
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sku gsum;སྐུ་གསུམ་;three bodies;three bodies;The dharmakāya, enjoyment body, and emanation body. +
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gdams/gdams ngag;གདམས། གདམས་ངག་;instruction;instruction;avavāda;Like ''guidelines'', ''praxis'', and ''special instructions'', a specifically focused set of teachings imparted by a guru to a disciple or disciples. +
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bon gyi mdzad pa bcu gnyis;བོན་གྱི་མཛད་པ་བཅུ་གཉིས་;twelve deeds of Bön;twelve deeds of bön;Miwo Sherap's birth, dissemination of teachings, pacification of beings, guidance of beings, marriage, emanation, conquest of demons, victory, knowledge, isolation, and liberation. +
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lung sde bzhi;ལུང་སྡེ་བཞི་;four texts;four texts;In vinaya: ''Elements of Vinaya, Divisions of Vinaya, Elements of Lesser Vinaya'', and ''Higher Text of Vinaya''. +
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phra mo'i lus;ཕྲ་མོའི་ལུས་;subtle body;subtle body;sukṣmaśarīra;In tantric theory, the network of channels that interpenetrates, and is more basic than, the gross physical body. Manipulation of the consciousnesses, breath-related energies, and hormonal drops that move through these channels is basic to advanced meditative practice on the ''completion stage of highest yoga tantra''. +
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chos sku'i dbye ba gnyis;ཆོས་སྐུའི་དབྱེ་བ་གཉིས་;two divisions of dharmakāya;two divisions of dharmakāya;Gnostic dharmakāya and natural dharmakāya. +
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tshad ma drug;ཚད་མ་དྲུག་;six sources of valid cognition;six sources of valid cognition;In Mīmāṃsā: perception, inference, testimony, comparison, implication, and cognition of nonexistence. +
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sbyor grol;སྦྱོར་གྲོལ་;uniting and freeing;uniting and freeing;Euphemism for exploitative sex and murder as practiced by self-styled tantric teachers in Tibet, especially in the period between the ''early'' and ''later spreads of the teaching''. +
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dgongs gcig;དགོངས་གཅིག་;single intention;single intention;A set of vajra sayings in the Drigung Kagyü traditions that explicates basic features of the Drigung understanding of Buddhist tradition. +
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thub pa;ཐུབ་པ་;muni;A term that can refer to an anchorite, ascetic, visionary, or silent sage in a range of Indian religious traditions. For Buddhists, the Buddha is ''the'' Muni, the ascetic par excellence. +
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chu klang chen po bzhi;ཆུ་ཀླང་ཆེན་པོ་བཞི་;four great rivers;four great rivers;In China: Yangtze (in the south), Huanghe (in the north), Huai (in the center), and Ji (in the east). +
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lam gyi gtso bo'i gsum;ལམ་གྱི་གཙོ་བོའི་གསུམ་;three principal aspects of the path;three principal aspects of the path;In the Geluk tradition: renunciation, the awakening mind, and right view. +
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bde mchog lha lnga;བདེ་མཆོག་ལྷ་ལྔ་;five deities of Cakrasaṃvara;five deities of cakrasaṃvara;Buddha Heruka, Vajra Heruka, Ratna Heruka, Padma Heruka, and Karma Heruka. +
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las kyi phyag rgya;ལས་ཀྱི་ཕྱག་རྒྱ་;action seal;action seal;karmamudrā;One of the three or four seals of practice in the higher tantras. In ''highest yoga tantra'') it most often is used to refer to a sexual partner whose embrace assists one in manipulating energies in the subtle body so as to hasten enlightenment. +
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rgyud kyi sde bzhi;རྒྱུད་ཀྱི་སྡེ་བཞི་;four classes of tantra;four classes of tantra;Action tantra, performance tantra, yoga tantra, and highest yoga tantra. +
